Zenglv Fumai Granule protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis via inhibiting TRIM28 expression.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR) injury, which occurs following acute myocardial infarction, can cause secondary damage to the heart. Tripartite interaction motif (TRIM) proteins, a class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, have been recognized as critical regulators in MIR injury. Zenglv Fumai Granule (ZFG) is a clinical prescription for the treatment of sick sinus syndrome, a disease that is associated with MIR injury. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ZFG on MIR injury and to determine whether ZFG exerts its effects via regulation of TRIM proteins. In order to establish an in vitro MIR model, human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16 was cultured under hypoxia for 5 h and then under normal conditions for 1 h. Following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment, these cells were cultured with different ZFG concentrations. ZFG notably inhibited H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The expression levels of four TRIM proteins, TRIM7, TRIM14, TRIM22 and TRIM28, were also detected. These four proteins were significantly upregulated in H/R-injured cardiomyocytes, whereas their expression was inhibited following ZFG treatment. Moreover, TRIM28 knockdown inhibited H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas TRIM28 overexpression promoted apoptosis and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes. However, the effects of TRIM28 overexpression were limited by the action of ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPX)1 were significantly downregulated in H/R-injured cardiomyocytes. TRIM28 knockdown restored GPX1 protein levels but had no effect on mRNA expression levels. Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays demonstrated that TRIM28 negatively regulated GPX1 via ubiquitination. In sum, the present study revealed that ZFG attenuated H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by regulating the TRIM28/GPX1/ROS pathway. ZFG and TRIM28 offer potential therapeutic options for the treatment of MIR injury.

Expression of TRIM28 correlates with proliferation and Bortezomib-induced apoptosis in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28) as a transcriptional co-repressor has been reported playing a role in regulating DNA damage response (DDR), cell differentiation, immune response, and tumorigenesis. The present study was performed to explore the biological function and clinical significance of TRIM28 in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Results of the study displayed that high expression of TRIM28 was positively associated with the poorer survival of B-NHL patients as an independent prognostic factor. In addition, TRIM28 could promote the B-NHL cells proliferation through modulating cell cycle progression. The change of cyclinA, P21, and PCNA expression after TRIM28 expression modified further illustrated the mechanism in which TRIM28 participated in cell proliferation progression. Moreover, inhibition TRIM28 expression in B-NHL cells enhanced the sensibility to Bortezomib by regulating p53-mediated apoptosis pathway. Taken together, the present study showed that TRIM28 functions as a tumor promoter in B-NHL and may be a novel target for drug resistance to Bortezomib.