Plant-based diets, animal agriculture, and the connection with urological and planetary health.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We summarize the latest evidence regarding the impact of plant-based diets on urological and planetary health to facilitate patient counseling and research regarding dietary intervention. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies have highlighted the association of plant-based diets with a lower risk of multiple urological conditions including prostate cancer, erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and nephrolithiasis, as well as benefits for planetary health. SUMMARY: Plant-based diets are associated with numerous benefits that co-promote urological and planetary health.

Urological complications caused by inferior vena cava filters: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters act in preventing pulmonary embolisms (PE). Various complications have been reported with their use. However, a credible urological complication rate, filter characteristics, and clinical presentation has yet to be summarized. Thus, we reported these complications in the form of a systematic review. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A search strategy was designed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE on February 10th, 2022. The design of this search strategy did not include any language restrictions. The key words (and wildcard terms) used in the search strategy were urolog*, ureter*, bladder, kidney coupled with filter, inferior vena cava, and cava*. Inclusion criteria were: patients older than 18, with previous IVC filter placement, and urologic complication reported. Exclusion criteria were: patients younger than 18, no IVC filter placement, and no urologic complication reported. Other case series and reviews were excluded to avoid patient duplication. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Thirty-five articles were selected for full-text screening. Thirty-seven patient cases were reviewed, and the median age was 53 (range: 21-92 years old). Abdominal and or flank pain was reported in 16 (43%) patients, hematuria was seen in eight (22%) and two (5%) patients died due to acute renal failure resulting from the urologic complications of the IVC filter. Indications for IVC filter placement were recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE), contraindication to or noncompliance with anticoagulant therapy. The IVC filters were infrarenal in 29 (78.4%) patients, suprarenal in five (13.5%) patients, not reported in two patients, and misplaced into the right ovarian vein in one patient. Three or more imaging modalities were obtained in 19 patients (51%) for planning. IVC filter removal was not performed in 17 (45.9%) patients, endovascular retrieval occurred in nine (24.3%) patients, and open removal was performed in seven (18.9%) patients, and tissue interposition was performed in two (5.4%) patients. One patient did not have the management reported. CONCLUSIONS: Urological complications caused by IVC filters although rare, are likely underreported, require extensive workup, and pose surgical challenges. Due to their complex management, filter retrieval should be planned for as soon as feasible, and plans should be made as early as during the IVC filter implant. For those that do develop complications, clinical judgement must be exercised in management, and open surgical, endovascular or even conservative management strategies can be viable options and should be discussed in a multidisciplinary setting.

Causes and management of urinary system problems in children on long-term home invasive mechanical ventilation.

Many ventilator-dependent children have comorbid conditions including urinary tract disorders. We aimed to present a focused review of the literature describing the causes and management of urinary system problems in children with long-term home mechanical ventilation. We performed a literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science with keywords "children," "home mechanical ventilation," "urinary system," "urinary tract," "neurogenic bladder," "clean intermittent catheterization," "urinary tract infection," "urolithiasis," and "acute kidney injury." We included original articles, reviews, guidelines, and case reports published in English. Ventilator-dependent children may have neurogenic bladder/bowel dysfunction which renders them prone to urinary tract infection, high bladder pressure, vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, and renal dysfunction. These children require bladder catheterization, medications affecting parasympathetic/sympathetic nervous systems, or surgical procedures to prevent urinary infections, and to maintain continence and renal functions. However, bladder catheterization or surgical procedures like augmentation cystoplasty may also be complicated with urinary infections, urolithiasis, or urethral strictures. Urolithiasis frequency is also increased due to immobilization-related hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia caused by antiepileptic drugs, urinary stasis, and urinary infections. On the other hand, mechanical ventilation can impair renal function by reduction of cardiac output, redistribution of intrarenal blood flow and stimulation of sympathetic and hormonal pathways. Children requiring long-term invasive home mechanical ventilation may have other comorbid conditions, including urinary system diseases, which become manifest as these patients are being kept alive due to the advances in ventilation strategies. These children must be carefully observed for urological complications and managed accordingly to prevent kidney injury.

Urologic surveillance of persons with spinal cord injuries - a scoping review.

STUDY DESIGN: Scoping review - standardized according to the Equator-network and the Prisma-Statement guidelines with PRISMA-ScR. OBJECTIVES: Review the literature concerning surveillance of the urinary- and renal systems in persons with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Specifically, to assess: #1 the usability of non-invasive and non-ultrasound methods, #2 the usage of systematic ultrasound surveillance #3 patient characteristics which predispose to urinary tract abnormalities (UTA) or renal function deterioration. METHODS: The literature assessed was collected from PubMed by creating a search string comprised of three main phrases: #1 persons with SCI, #2 kidney function and #3 surveillance program. The final search resulted in 685 studies. Eligibility criteria were defined prior to the search to assess the studies systematically. RESULTS: Four studies found serum cystatin C (s-cysC) to be accurate in estimating the glomerular filtration rate in persons with SCI. One study found no difference in UTA between surveillance adherent and surveillance non-adherent persons up to 30 years post injury. UTA and especially renal function deterioration seems rare the first 15 years post-injury. Non-traumatic SCI, time since injury, high detrusor pressure, upper urinary tract dilation, vesicourethral reflux, trabeculated bladder, history of calculi removal are significant risk factors for developing UTA or renal function deterioration. CONCLUSION: Measurements of S-cysC should be considered to replace serum creatinine in most cases. Surveillance non-adherent persons are not at higher risk of developing UTA. A selective surveillance based on a baseline risk profile may be beneficial for patients and caretakers.

THE ROLE OF INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGISTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS IN UROLOGIC PATIENTS.

Higher turnaround of urologic patients in the tertiary clinical center can lead to more accompanying complications, ranging from 1% to 55% for various procedures, with the incidence of vascular injuries varying from 0.43% up to 9.5%. In patients with impaired renal function, it is imperative to prevent the loss of normal kidney function and potential hemodialysis. Being minimally invasive, endovascular procedures such as renal artery embolization (RAE) can treat major and life-threatening complications, but good and prompt communication between urologists and interventional radiologist is necessary for fast and effective treatment. Absolute contraindications for RAE are the presence of acute infection and previously known anaphylactic reaction to the iodine contrast media, while previous mild or moderate allergic reactions to iodine contrast media are not contraindications for RAE. Currently used embolic agents can be divided into temporary and permanent embolization agents. While the temporary embolization agent available is a gelatin sponge that could be used as complementary material or stand-alone, for permanent embolization interventional radiologists use microparticles, microspheres, liquid embolic agents, coils, and microcoils. RAE procedures are considered to be safe with a low incidence of complications, with non-target embolization being the most serious one. Postembolization syndrome is considered to be the most common adverse effect and it involves around 90% of patients. The overall results show that RAE is a safe, minimally invasive procedure that can effectively treat significant complications caused by other urologic procedures, with the reported success rates of 87%-100%.

Síntomas urinarios en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica / No disponible

No disponible

Manejo del paciente neurourológico durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Management of neurourological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

OBJETIVOS: Exponer las recomendaciones de un comité de expertos para la reorganización de las unidades de neurourología y la priorización de estudios y tratamientos durante la pandemia COVID-19. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión no sistemática de la literatura científica y opinión de expertos nacionales para resumir las recomendaciones en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de los pacientes neurourológicos durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se utiliza una técnica de grupo nominal modificada debido a las restricciones extraordinarias de reunión y movilidad durante la pandemia COVID-19. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes neurourológicos poseen características fisiopatológicas especiales que les hace más vulnerables frente a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Han sido englobados en general en el grupo de la Urología Funcional, relegando su manejo al de las situaciones no urgentes y demorables sin plazo concreto de recuperación de la normalidad. Sin embargo, es importante identificar situaciones específicas en las que exista compromiso funcional del aparato urinario superior, retención urinaria, o desarrollo de infecciones/sepsis urinaria. Se realiza una clasificación según el nivel de prioridad tanto del manejo ambulatorio y conservador como del tratamiento quirúrgico de eventos relacionados con pacientes neurourológicos durante la pandemia COVID-19. CONCLUSIONES: En los pacientes neurourológicos encontramos situaciones clínicas excepcionales en las que un retraso de su tratamiento puede conllevar alteraciones irreversibles en el tracto urinario superior, dada su condición de vejiga de riesgo funcional, por lo que debe individualizarse un manejo más precoz en ciertos escenarios

OBJECTIVES: To report the recommendations of an expert panel to reorganize Neurourology units and to prioritize examinations and both conservative and surgical treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Non-systematic review of the literature and national experts' opinion summarizing ther ecommendations in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of neurourological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A modified nominal group technique was used due to extraordinary meeting and mobility restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Neurourological patients have special physiological and pathological characteristics that make them more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. For prioritization purposes, they encompass in Functional Urology patients and their management is considered non-urgent or delayable with no specific deadline of recovery from normality. However, it is important to identify individual situations jeopardising the upper urinary tract, urinary retention or predisposing to urinary infections/sepsis. A classification is provided prioritizing conservative/outpatient management and the surgical treatment of the events occurring in neurourological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: In neurourological patients we can find exceptional clinical situations in which a delayed treatment could develop irreversible changes in the upper urinary tract, advocating a more urgent treatment in specific scenarios

Enfermedad urológica y el tabaco. Una revisión para la concienciación del urólogo / Urological disease and tobacco. A review for raising the awareness of urologists

Contexto: El tabaquismo es la primera causa de muerte prevenible en nuestro entorno. Su relación con la enfermedad urológica está bien documentada. Objetivo: Mostrar una revisión actualizada sobre la relación entre enfermedad urológica y consumo del tabaco, y sobre la importancia de la implicación de los urólogos en la prevención del tabaquismo. Adquisición y síntesis de la evidencia: Se ha realizado una revisión de la bibliografía actual utilizando fundamentalmente la búsqueda en PubMed, y tomando como base principal el informe sobre las consecuencias de fumar en la salud realizado por The Surgeon General. Conclusión: Los urólogos desempeñan un papel fundamental para informar de la relación entre el tabaquismo y la enfermedad urológica. Es un deber de cada urólogo asumir un papel más activo en la educación de los pacientes para promover la abstinencia tabáquica

Context: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in our community. Its relationship with urological disease is well documented. Objective: To present an updated review on the relationship between urological disease and tobacco consumption and the importance of involving urologists in smoking prevention. Acquisition and synthesis of evidence: We conducted a review of current literature, primarily by searching PubMed and using as the main base the report on the consequences of smoking on health performed by the Surgeon General. Conclusion: Urologists play an essential role in informing patients of the relationship between smoking and urological disease. It is the duty of every urologist to play a more active role in educating patients and promoting smoking cessation

Aspectos fisiopatológicos implicados en la patología urologica asociada al síndrome metabólico. Revisión bibliográfica / Review of the pathophysiological aspects involved in urological disease associated with metabolic syndrome

Introducción: El síndrome metabólico es una constelación de trastornos entre los que se incluyen la resistencia a la insulina, la obesidad central, la hipertensión arterial y la hiperlipidemia. Estas alteraciones pueden tener implicaciones sobre el aparato genitourinario. Objetivos: Efectuar una revisión para describir los aspectos fisiopatológicos que explican la relación entre el síndrome metabólico y la disfunción sexual, el síndrome del tracto urinario inferior, el cáncer de próstata o la enfermedad litiásica. Métodos: Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica narrativa cualitativa mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed de los artículos publicados entre 1997 y 2015, utilizando los términos fisiopatología, síndrome metabólico, disfunción endotelial, lipotoxicidad, disfunción mitocondrial, litiasis renal, hipogonadismo, disfunción eréctil, síndrome del tracto urinario inferior y cáncer de próstata. Síntesis de la evidencia: El síndrome metabólico constituye un complejo sintomático establecido y definido como la presencia de resistencia insulínica, obesidad central, hipertensión e hiperlipidemia. La disfunción endotelial secundaria a la lipotoxicidad producida genera un estatus inflamatorio en el que se ven implicados el metabolismo celular renal, la vascularización de la pelvis o la producción de andrógenos. Estos hechos explican la relación entre el síndrome metabólico, la litiasis renal, el síndrome del tracto urinario inferior, el hipogonadismo y la disfunción eréctil del varón. Conclusiones: Estrategias como el cuidado de la alimentación, el ejercicio regular, el tratamiento con insulina, tratamientos sustitutivos con testosterona o antioxidantes e inhibidores de los radicales libres, así como los tratamientos urológicos clásicamente utilizados en el síndrome del tracto urinario inferior han demostrado resultados prometedores en este síndrome

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of disorders that includes insulin resistance, central obesity, arterial hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. These disorders can have implications for the genitourinary apparatus. Objectives: To conduct a review on the pathophysiological aspects that explain the relationship between metabolic syndrome and sexual dysfunction, lower urinary tract syndrome, prostate cancer and stone disease. Methods: We performed a qualitative, narrative literature review through a literature search on PubMed of articles published between 1997 and 2015, using the terms pathophysiology, metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, kidney stones, hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract syndrome and prostate cancer. Synthesis of the evidence: Metabolic syndrome constitutes an established complex of symptoms, defined as the presence of insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Endothelial dysfunction secondary to lipotoxicity generates an inflammatory state, which involves renal cell metabolism, vascularisation of the pelvis and androgen production. These facts explain the relationship between metabolic syndrome, nephrolithiasis, lower urinary tract syndrome, hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction in men. Conclusions: Strategies such as proper diet, regular exercise, insulin treatment, testosterone-replacement therapy, therapy with antioxidants and free-radical inhibitors and urological treatments classically used for lower urinary tract syndrome have shown promising results in this syndrome

URINARY DYSFUNCTION AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR RECTAL CANCER / Disfunção urinária após tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de reto

BackgroundThe impact on quality of life attributed to treatment for rectal cancer remains high. Deterioration of the urinary function is a relevant complication within that context.ObjectiveTo detect the presence of urinary dysfunction and its risk factors among individuals underwent surgical treatment for rectal cancer.MethodsThe present prospective study analyzed 42 patients from both genders underwent surgical treatment for rectal adenocarcinoma with curative intent. The version of the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire validated for the Portuguese language was applied at two time-points: immediately before and 6 months after surgery. Risk factors for urinary dysfunction were analysed by means of logistic regression and Student’s t-test.ResultsEight (19%) participants exhibited moderate-to-severe urinary dysfunction 6 months after surgery; the average IPSS increased from 1.43 at baseline to 4.62 six months after surgery (P<0.001). None of the variables assessed as potential risk factors exhibited statistical significance, i.e., age, gender, distance from tumour to anal margin, neoadjuvant therapy, adjuvant therapy, type of surgery, surgical approach (laparoscopy or laparotomy), and duration of surgery.ConclusionThis study identified an incidence of 19% of moderate to severe urinary dysfuction after 6 months surveillance. No risk factor for urinary dysfunction was identified in this population.

ContextoA perda de qualidade de vida atribuída ao tratamento do câncer retal continua elevada. Neste contexto, a deterioração da função urinária é complicação relevante.ObjetivoIdentificar disfunção urinária e seus fatores de risco em doentes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de reto.MétodosRealizou-se estudo prospectivo com 42 doentes de ambos os sexos submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com intenção curativa para adenocarcinoma de reto. Foi utilizado o questionário International Prostatic Symptom Score, validado na língua portuguesa, em dois períodos: imediatamente antes e após 6 meses do procedimento cirúrgico. Os fatores de risco para disfunção urinária foram analisados por regressão logística e teste t de Student.ResultadosApós 6 meses do procedimento cirúrgico, oito (19%) doentes apresentaram disfunção urinária moderada a grave e aumento na média do escore utilizado de 1,43 pontos no pré-operatório para 4,62 pontos no pós-operatório (P<0,001). A análise de fatores de risco para disfunção urinária não mostrou significância para as variáveis estudadas, idade, gênero, distância tumoral da margem anal, neoadjuvância, adjuvância, procedimento cirúrgico realizado, via de acesso cirúrgico (laparoscópica ou laparotômica) e tempo operatório.ConclusãoNos doentes com carcinoma retal operados com intenção curativa, a incidência de disfunção urinária moderada a grave após 6 meses da operação foi de 19%. Não foram identificados fatores de risco para disfunção urinária nesses doentes.

Epididymitis in Patients with Anorectal Malformations: A Cause for Urologic Concern

Introduction Epididymitis in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) represents a unique problem because unlike the general population, an underlying urinary tract problem is frequently identified. We review our experience with epididymitis in ARM population with an emphasis on examining urologic outcomes. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review of male patients with ARM cared for from 1980 to 2010. Clinical and pathologic variables recorded included age at presentation, recurrence, associated urologic anomalies, incidence of ureteral fusion with mesonephric ductal structures, glomerular filtration rate and urodynamic parameters. Results Twenty-six patients were identified with documented episodes of epididymitis. Renal injury was noted in five patients (19%), all of whom were diagnosed with neurogenic bladder (NGB) several years after anorectoplasty. NGB was found in ten patients (38%) in our series. Ectopic insertion of ureter into a mesonephric ductal structure was discovered in five patients (19%). Twelve patients (46%) had recurrent episodes of epididymitis, with seven of these patients (58%) being diagnosed with NGB. Two patients in the pubertal group presented with a history of epididymitis and complained of ejaculatory pain. Conclusion Epididymitis in a patient with ARM warrants a comprehensive urologic investigation, particularly in recurrent episodes. Attempts at surgical intervention (e.g. vasectomy) should be avoided until functional assessment of the urinary tract has occurred. Failure to recognize this association may lead to potentially avoidable complications and morbidity. Long term urological follow up of these patients is warranted to identify at risk patients and minimize renal deterioration .

Importancia epidemiológica, asistencial y económica del cultivo de orina, en pacientes hospitalizados y de la comunidad / Epidemiological, economical and assistance importance of urine culture on in-patients and out-patients. Hermanos Ameijeira Hospital

Introducción: una de las infecciones más comunes que afectan al ser humano a lo largo de su vida y una de las más frecuentes tanto en el ámbito comunitario como en el nosocomial, son las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU). Es conocido que los agentes etiológicos se relacionan fundamentalmente con bacilos gramnegativos, pero en la mayoría de los casos, sobre todo en los ambulatorios, no se realiza el cultivo de las muestras de orina antes de iniciar del tratamiento antibacteriano. Al mismo tiempo, una terapia inicial correctamente indicada, tomando como base los datos aportados por el Laboratorio de Microbiología, puede significar evolución favorable y menores costos en sentido general. Objetivos: determinar los principales agentes etiológicos con sus patrones de sensibilidad antimicrobiana, en ITU hospitalarias y de la comunidad, asi como evaluar los costos relacionados con los cultivos microbiológicos, según el tipo de resultado alcanzado. ..

Introduction: the high incidence and prevalence of urinary tract infections in both hospital patients and outpatients determine that the exact knowledge of the major etiologic agents with antimicrobial susceptibility patterns gain immeasurable epidemiological and economic assistance values. Objective: to do Microbial map for hospital patients, and outpatients suffering from UTIs. Methods: a retrospective and cross study was conducted in 13,939 urine cultures from inpatient and outpatients received in the Microbiology Laboratory at Hermanos Ameijeiras hospital from September 2009 to August 2010. Results: 62 percent of the samples were negative, 22 percent positive, and 16 percent were reported as the contaminated samples representing a cost of 86 100, 61 980, and 22 300 CUC, respectively, with an overall total of 170 380 CUC. The microorganism most frequently isolated was Escherichia coli in both groups (76.4 percent and 54.0 percent respectively), which were higher than 55 percent to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Ampicillin resistance was close to 90 percent for almost all microorganisms. Nitrofurantoin for Escherichia coli presented the lowest percentages of resistance. Antimicrobial resistance was higher in hospital patients. Conclusions: the monetary cost per patient for a second or third course of antibiotics, in an initial incorrect therapy, may imply spending approximately 100 times more than a correct initial therapy based on scientific evidence

Importancia epidemiológica, asistencial y económica del cultivo de orina, en pacientes hospitalizados y de la comunidad / Epidemiological, economical and assistance importance of urine culture on in-patients and out-patients. Hermanos Ameijeira Hospital

Introducción: una de las infecciones más comunes que afectan al ser humano a lo largo de su vida y una de las más frecuentes tanto en el ámbito comunitario como en el nosocomial, son las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU). Es conocido que los agentes etiológicos se relacionan fundamentalmente con bacilos gramnegativos, pero en la mayoría de los casos, sobre todo en los ambulatorios, no se realiza el cultivo de las muestras de orina antes de iniciar del tratamiento antibacteriano. Al mismo tiempo, una terapia inicial correctamente indicada, tomando como base los datos aportados por el Laboratorio de Microbiología, puede significar evolución favorable y menores costos en sentido general. Objetivos: determinar los principales agentes etiológicos con sus patrones de sensibilidad antimicrobiana, en ITU hospitalarias y de la comunidad, asi como evaluar los costos relacionados con los cultivos microbiológicos, según el tipo de resultado alcanzado. ..

Introduction: the high incidence and prevalence of urinary tract infections in both hospital patients and outpatients determine that the exact knowledge of the major etiologic agents with antimicrobial susceptibility patterns gain immeasurable epidemiological and economic assistance values. Objective: to do Microbial map for hospital patients, and outpatients suffering from UTIs. Methods: a retrospective and cross study was conducted in 13,939 urine cultures from inpatient and outpatients received in the Microbiology Laboratory at Hermanos Ameijeiras hospital from September 2009 to August 2010. Results: 62 percent of the samples were negative, 22 percent positive, and 16 percent were reported as the contaminated samples representing a cost of 86 100, 61 980, and 22 300 CUC, respectively, with an overall total of 170 380 CUC. The microorganism most frequently isolated was Escherichia coli in both groups (76.4 percent and 54.0 percent respectively), which were higher than 55 percent to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Ampicillin resistance was close to 90 percent for almost all microorganisms. Nitrofurantoin for Escherichia coli presented the lowest percentages of resistance. Antimicrobial resistance was higher in hospital patients. Conclusions: the monetary cost per patient for a second or third course of antibiotics, in an initial incorrect therapy, may imply spending approximately 100 times more than a correct initial therapy based on scientific evidence(AU)

Infección humana por Trichomonas vaginalis y su relación con otros agentes patógenos / Human infection from Trichomonas vaginalis and its relation to other pathogen agent

Trichomonas vaginalis es un protozooo flagelado causante de la trichomonosis urogenital en humanos. La asociación y coexistencia de T. vaginalis con otros agentes patógenos causantes de infecciones de transmisión sexual es bastante común. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, incluyendo las últimas publicaciones sobre las principales manifestaciones clínicas de T. vaginalis y su relación con otros agentes de transmisión sexual

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoon causing urogenital trichomoniasis in humans. Association and co-existence of T. vaginalis with other pathogen agents causing of sexually transmitted infections is fairly common. A bibliographic review was carried out including the last publications on the main clinical manifestations from T. vaginalis, and its relation to other sexual transmission agents

Diverticulitis aguda perforada simulando prostatitis aguda / Perforated acute diverticulitis mimicking acute prostatitis

We present an unfrequent case of acute diverticulitis mimmicking acute prostatitis. Case report: A 72-year-old man suffering from hypogastric and genital pain, fever and dysuria, with an edematous and tender prostate at physical examination, was initially diagnosed of acute prostatitis. 24 hours later the patient developed left lower quadrant pain and abdominal distension. A CT scan was performed, showing pneumoperitoneum and acute sigmoid diverticulitis signs. The patient underwent a Hartmann's procedure.

Presentamos un caso infrecuente de diverticulitis aguda con manifestaciones clínicas sugerentes de prostatitis aguda. Caso clínico: Varón de 72 años, presenta dolor hipogástrico y en región genital, fiebre y disuria, palpándose una próstata edematosa y dolorosa al tacto rectal, por lo que es inicialmente diagnosticado de prostatitis aguda. A las 24 horas el paciente desarrolla un cuadro de distensión abdominal y dolor en fosa ilíaca izquierda. Una TC abdominal mostró neumoperitoneo y signos de diverticulitis aguda. Se intervino al paciente realizando una intervención de Hartmann.

Infección humana por Trichomonas vaginalis y su relación con otros agentes patógenos / Human infection from Trichomonas vaginalis and its relation to other pathogen agent

Trichomonas vaginalis es un protozooo flagelado causante de la trichomonosis urogenital en humanos. La asociación y coexistencia de T. vaginalis con otros agentes patógenos causantes de infecciones de transmisión sexual es bastante común. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, incluyendo las últimas publicaciones sobre las principales manifestaciones clínicas de T. vaginalis y su relación con otros agentes de transmisión sexual (AU)

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoon causing urogenital trichomoniasis in humans. Association and co-existence of T. vaginalis with other pathogen agents causing of sexually transmitted infections is fairly common. A bibliographic review was carried out including the last publications on the main clinical manifestations from T. vaginalis, and its relation to other sexual transmission agents (AU)

Complicaciones urológicas postrasplante renal con técnica de Lich-Gregoir: experiencia de cuatro años / Urological complications following kidney transplantation using Lich-Gregoir technique: a 4-year experience in Mexico

Objetivo: Revisión de las complicaciones urológicas posteriores al trasplante renal en dos centros hospitalarios utilizando la técnica de ureteroneocistostomía extravesical de Lich-Gregoir en un periodo de cuatro años. Material y métodos: Se revisaron los expedientes de 242 pacientes en quienes se llevó a cabo trasplante renal de enero de 2003 a noviembre de 2007. En todos los pacientes se realizó ureteroneocistostomía extravesical. Se informaron todas las complicaciones urológicas y su manejo. Resultados: Se registraron 19 complicaciones en 18 pacientes, con una incidencia de 7.8 %; 16 riñones se obtuvieron de donadores vivos. Las complicaciones más comunes fueron fuga de orina (4.5 %), estenosis urinaria (1.6 %), reflujo vesicoureteral (1.2 %) y necrosis ureteral (0.4 %). La mayoría de los pacientes fueron tratados con sonda de Foley (42 %), colgajo de Boary (26 %) y nefrostomía (15 %). La pérdida del injerto renal se asoció a complicaciones urológicas en 1.23 % Conclusiones: El trasplante renal debe incurrir en pocas complicaciones urológicas, por lo que debe cuidarse los detalles técnicos. La evaluación temprana para corregir las complicaciones reduce la sepsis, morbilidad y el riesgo de pérdida del injerto.

OBJECTIVE: We present a retrospective review of urological complications following kidney transplantation in two medical centers in the Mexican state of Veracruz using Lich-Gregoir extravesical ureteroneocystostomy during a 4-year period. METHODS: Records from 242 patients from January 2003 to November 2007 were reviewed. Standard technique for organ procurement, open nephrectomy and kidney transplant was performed. EVU was used in all patients. Urological complications and management are reported. RESULTS: There were 19 complications recorded in 18 patients (7.8%). Sixteen kidneys were obtained from living donors. Urinary leak was the most common complication (4.5%) followed by ureteral stenosis (1.6%), vesicoureteral reflux (1.2%) and ureteral necrosis (0.4%) Most patients were treated with Foley catheter (42%), Boary flap (26%) and nephrostomy (15%); 1.23% grafts were lost associated with urological complications. CONCLUSIONS: Renal transplantation should incur few urological complications. Attention to technical details should be paid to avoid major complications. Early evaluation to correct complications reduces sepsis, morbidity and the risk of losing graft function.

Complicaciones urológicas postrasplante renal / Urological complications after kidney transplantation

BACKGROUND: Urological complications represent a common problem in kidney transplant surgery. The estimated incidence of these complications occurs in 3-30% of renal transplants. Solving these complications may improve renal graft survival and, consequently, patient outcome. The objective is to establish the prevalence of urological complications after renal transplantation. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 338 patients with kidney transplantations performed at the Transplant Unit of the Specialties Hospital of the Western Medical Center over a 6-year period. Data were obtained from the patients' clinical files about the prevalence of urological complications and their management. Renal graft loss prevalence and mortality were reported. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of urological complications was 5.92%. Onset time of all complications occurred between 1 and 210 days. Diagnosis was established using clinical, laboratory and imaging methods. Endourological management with double-J catheter through cystoscopy was used as the first option of treatment in the majority of patients, having complete resolution in all cases. There was no graft loss or mortality in our patients. CONCLUSIONS: The most common urological complication was the urinary fistulae located at the ureterovesical anastomosis. In comparison with other transplant centers worldwide, our prevalence of urological complications was similar.

¿Se justifica el uso rutinario de catéter ureteral post trasplante renal? / Is routinary ureteral stenting indicated in kidney transplant?

Introducción: El uso rutinario de de stent ureterales en trasplante renal (TR) es controvertido. Nosotros evaluamos la experiencia del stent selectivo basado en la decisión del cirujano comparando las tasas de complicaciones ureterales (filtración y/o obstrucción) en el grupo que recibió o (SU+) o no un stent (SU-). El objetivo del estudio es identificar factores de riesgo para filtración y/o obstrucción. Materiales y Métodos: Entre septiembre de 1994 y octubre de 2005, 160pacientes consecutivos se sometieron a un trasplante renal en nuestro centro. El uso de SU estuvo basado en la decisión del cirujano y fue insertado después de que un lado de la anastomosis estuvo completada. Se identificaron las complicaciones urológicas dentro de los primeros 90 días después del TR. Las complicaciones ureterales fueron definidas como: filtración, obstrucción, Infección del tracto urinario, lesión arterial y necrosis tubular aguda. Los datos demográficos fueron recolectados desde la revisión de fichas clínicas y base de datos computarizada de TR. Resultados: Se evaluaron 113 pacientes del grupo total. La incidencia global de complicaciones urológicas en este estudio fue de 8 por ciento (9), filtración fue vista en 5 por ciento (6), obstrucción en 3 por ciento (3) y 28 por ciento de TU entre los primeros 90 días después de un IR. Cuarenta y un pacientes (36 por ciento) recibieron un stent (SU+) y setenta y dos (64 por ciento) no (SU-). Los grupos fueron comparables. La frecuencia complicaciones ureterales (obstrucción, filtración y obstrucción más filtración) y de TU entre los grupos no mostró diferencia estadística. En el análisis univariado se demostró que la edad y sexo del receptor, edad del donante, la fuente del donante (cadáver o vivo), tiempo de isquemia (caliente y fría), presencia de NTA y lesiones arteriales no fueron asociadas con la presencia de obstrucción, filtración o ambas...

Introduction: Routine use of ureteral stent (US) after transplanstation remains controversial. We evaluate the experience of selective stent use based on surgeon decision comparing the ureteral complicationrates (leaking and / or obstruction) between the group receiving (US+) or another group without not astent (SU-). The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for leaking and / or obstruction in patients receiving ureteral stent after transplantation. Materials and Methods: Between September 1994 and October 2005, 160 consecutive patients underwent a renal transplant in our center. The use of US was based on the decision of the surgical team. Urological complications were identified within the first 90 days after RT. The ureteral complications were defined as: leaking, obstruction, urinary tract infection, arterial injury and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Demographic data were collected prospectively and retrospectively analized from the review of clinical data base. Results: We evaluated 113 patients of the total group. The overall incidence of urological complications in this study was 8 percent (9), leaking was seen in 5 percent (6), obstruction in 3 percent (3) and 28 percent of the TU first 90days after an IR. Forty-one patients (36 percent ) received a stent (SU +) and seventy and two (64 percent) no(SU-). The groups were comparable. The frequency of ureteral complications (obstruction, leaking and obstruction-filtration) and TU between groups showed no statistical difference. In the Univariate analysis showed age, sex of recipient, donor´s age, the source of graft (living of dead), ischemia time(hot and cold), presence of ATN and arterial lesions were not associated with the presence of obstruction, leaking or both. However, among patients with obstruction leaking a higher probability of developing TU was verified. Conclusions: Our experience shows that routine stent use has no clear benefit in transplantation´s outcomes...