Production and validation of educational technology on nursing care for syphilis prevention.

OBJECTIVES: Validate script and storyboard of a video for educational intervention on nursing care for the prevention and management of syphilis. METHODS: Methodological design study, with quantitative analysis approach. The content and appearance of the educational video script and storyboard was validated by a committee of experts on the subject and video. They were considered validated from the agreement of 78%, calculated by means of the Content Validity Index. RESULTS: There were suggestions, which were analyzed; and, where relevant, the script and storyboard were changed. The degree of agreement among the expert judges on the subject obtained a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 100%, while, with the technical experts in video, all the questions in the educational material obtained the percentage above the recommended minimum of 78%. CONCLUSION: The validated video is an important technological production and could be used in the context of health care.

Construction and validation of an educational video for human papillomavirus vaccination.

OBJECTIVES: to validate an educational video aimed at the adhesion of human papillomavirus vaccination. METHODS: a methodological study, where the knowledge about the theme and the technology to be constructed in six focal groups was identified; a theoretical framework was set up and the existing videos were uploaded. After that, pre-production, production and post-production were followed. In validation of content, 22 specialists participated, and in appearance, ten adolescents, ten mothers, ten teachers and ten audiovisual professionals. Absolute frequency, Binomial Test, and Content Validity Index were used. RESULTS: agreement was satisfactory in most items. Regarding relevance, 20 items had indices above 0.80 among judges. Assessment was positive among girls and mothers. Only three items had indices less than 0.80 among teachers and video professionals. CONCLUSIONS: the educational video was validated, conferring credibility to contribute to educational actions and improve vaccination indexes.

Creation and validation of an educational video for deaf people about cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

OBJECTIVE: to create and validate an educational video for teaching deaf students about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHOD: methodological study consisting in the creation of an educational video, validation of its content by 22 nurses with expertise in cardiorespiratory arrest, and evaluation by 16 deaf students. For data collection, the following validated instruments were used: the Instrument for Validation of Educational Content used for the validation by nurses and the Assistive Technology Assessment Questionnaire for the evaluation by deaf students. The criterion for validation was concordance higher than 80%, analyzed through the content validation index and binomial test. RESULTS: the final version of the video lasted seven minutes and thirty seconds, covered the steps that should be performed by a lay person to help a victim of cardiorespiratory arrest, presented animations and the narration in the Brazilian sign language. All the items obtained agreement among nurses and of among deaf students equal or superior to 80%. CONCLUSION: the video was considered to present valid content by the judges and comprehensible content by deaf students. Thus the video represents an inclusive technology for health education of deaf people about cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Literature review of audiovisual practices in Nursing education.

OBJECTIVE: to carry out a literature review to characterize the production in the Nursing area about the use of movies and videos in Nursing education, related to underlying communication assumptions and contents taught. METHOD: integrative bibliographic review carried out in the PUBMED databases, CAPES journal portal, and SCIELO online library, with studies from 2007 to 2016. RESULTS: 36 articles were included, in which audiovisual resources are part of the research subject. There are predominance of validation and effectiveness studies, in which audiovisual resources are used mostly as a reproduction of reality, mainly to develop clinical skills, with the purpose of illustrating procedures or bringing students closer to real contexts of action. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the results point to a weak theoretical support of most of the studies. It is suggested that more empirical research be conducted to offer more consistent contributions to Nursing teaching.

Literature review of audiovisual practices in Nursing education / Revisión de la literatura sobre las prácticas con audiovisuales en la educación en Enfermería / Revisão de literatura sobre as práticas com audiovisuais na educação em Enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: to carry out a literature review to characterize the production in the Nursing area about the use of movies and videos in Nursing education, related to underlying communication assumptions and contents taught. Method: integrative bibliographic review carried out in the PUBMED databases, CAPES journal portal, and SCIELO online library, with studies from 2007 to 2016. Results: 36 articles were included, in which audiovisual resources are part of the research subject. There are predominance of validation and effectiveness studies, in which audiovisual resources are used mostly as a reproduction of reality, mainly to develop clinical skills, with the purpose of illustrating procedures or bringing students closer to real contexts of action. Final considerations: the results point to a weak theoretical support of most of the studies. It is suggested that more empirical research be conducted to offer more consistent contributions to Nursing teaching.

RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura para caracterizar la producción en el área de la Enfermería sobre el uso de películas y videos en la educación de Enfermería, relacionados a supuestos de comunicación subyacentes y a contenidos enseñados. Método: revisión bibliográfica integrativa realizada en las bases de datos PUBMED, portal de revistas de la CAPES, y en la biblioteca on line SCIELO, con estudios de 2007 a 2016. Resultados: se incluyeron 36 artículos, en los que los audiovisuales forman parte del objeto de investigación. Hay predominio de estudios de validación y efectividad, en los que los audiovisuales se utilizan en gran parte como un reproducir la realidad, principalmente para desarrollar competencias clínicas, con el propósito de ilustrar procedimientos o aproximar a los estudiantes de contextos reales de actuación. Consideraciones finales: los resultados apuntan a una fragilidad en la sustentación teórica de la gran parte de los estudios. Se sugiere la realización de investigaciones empíricas más bien fundamentadas para ofrecer contribuciones más consistentes a la enseñanza de Enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar uma revisão da literatura para caracterizar a produção na área de Enfermagem sobre o uso de filmes e vídeos na educação em Enfermagem, relacionados a pressupostos de comunicação subjacentes e a conteúdos lecionados. Método: revisão bibliográfica integrativa realizada nas bases de dados PUBMED, portal de periódicos da CAPES, e na biblioteca on-line SCIELO, com estudos de 2007 a 2016. Resultados: foram incluídos 36 artigos, em que os audiovisuais fazem parte do objeto de pesquisa. Há predominância de estudos de validação e efetividade, em que os audiovisuais são utilizados em maior parte como um reproduzir a realidade, principalmente para desenvolver competências clínicas, com o propósito de ilustrar procedimentos ou aproximar os estudantes de contextos reais de atuação. Considerações finais: os resultados apontam a uma fragilidade na sustentação teórica da maior parte dos estudos. Sugere-se a realização de pesquisas empíricas mais bem fundamentadas para oferecer contribuições mais consistentes ao ensino em Enfermagem.

Validation of the imperial college surgical assessment device for spinal anesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, technical proficiency for spinal anesthesia has been assessed using observational scales such as global rating scales or task specific checklists. However more objective metrics are required in order to improve novice's training programs. The aim of this study is to validate the hand motion analysis of the Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device (ICSAD) in a simulated model of spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Three groups of physicians with different levels of experience were video recorded performing a spinal anesthesia in a simulated lumbar puncture torso. Participants' technical performance was assessed with ICSAD, a Global Rating Scale (GRS) and a specific Checklist. Differences between the 3 groups were determined by Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn's correction for multiple comparisons. Spearman correlation coefficient between ICSAD variables and the scores of the observational scales were calculated to establish concurrent validity. RESULTS: Thirty subjects participated in the study: ten novice (first year residents), 10 intermediate (third year residents) and 10 experts (attending anesthesiologists). GRS scores were significantly higher in experts, than intermediates and novices. Regarding total path length, number of movements and procedural time measured with ICSAD, all groups had significant differences between them (p = 0.026, p = 0.045 and p = 0.005 respectively). Spearman correlation coefficient was -0,46 (p = 0.012) between total path length measured with ICSAD and GRS scores. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first validation study of ICSAD as an assessment tool for spinal anesthesia in a simulated model. Using ICSAD can discriminate proficiency between expert and novices and correlates with previously validated GRS. Its use in the assessment of spinal anesthesia proficiency provides complementary data to existing tools. Our results could be used to design future training programs with reliable goals to accomplish.

Efficacy and safety of a video-EEG protocol for genetic generalized epilepsies.

INTRODUCTION: Video-EEG has been used to characterize genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE). For best performance, sleep recording, photic stimulation, hyperventilation, and neuropsychological protocols are added to the monitoring. However, risks and benefits of these video-EEG protocols are not well established. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of a video-EEG neuropsychological protocol (VNPP) tailored for GGE and compare its value with that of routine EEG (R-EEG). METHODS: We reviewed the VNPP and R-EEG of patients with GGE. We considered confirmation of the clinical suspicion of a GGE syndrome and characterization of reflex traits as benefits; and falls, injuries, psychiatric and behavioral changes, generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures, and status epilepticus (SE) as the main risks of the VNPP. RESULTS: The VNPPs of 113 patients were analyzed. The most common epileptic syndrome was juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (85.8%). The protocol confirmed a GGE syndrome in 97 patients and 62 had seizures. Sleep recording had a provocative effect in 51.2% of patients. The second task that showed highest efficacy was praxis (39.3%) followed by hyperventilation (31.3%). Among the risks, 1.8% had GTC seizures and another 1.8%, SE. Eighteen percent of patients had persistently normal R-EEG, 72.2% of them had discharges during VNPP. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, myoclonic status epilepticus, and repeated seizures were the main risks of VNPP present in 6 (5.31%) patients while there were no complications during R-EEG. CONCLUSIONS: The VNPP in GGE is a useful tool in diagnosis and characterization of reflex traits, and is a safe procedure. Its use might preclude multiple R-EEG exams.

High-speed Videolaryngoscopy: Quantitative Parameters of Glottal Area Waveforms and High-speed Kymography in Healthy Individuals.

OBJECTIVES: We conducted a study to obtain quantitative parameters of the vocal dynamic using high-speed videolaryngoscopy and to characterize the vocal fold vibration pattern of healthy individuals by analyzing glottal area waveforms and high-speed kymography. METHODS: Laryngeal images of 45 healthy individuals were captured using high-speed videolaryngoscopy. The open and speed quotients of the glottal area waveforms and high-speed kymography were obtained and statistically analyzed according to the gender of each individual. RESULTS: Glottal area waveforms revealed average values of 0.85 and 1.16 for open and speed quotients, respectively, for women, and 0.70 and 1.19 for men. Using high-speed kymography, quantitative parameters of open and speed quotients for women were 0.62 and 1.02, respectively, and for men were 0.57 and 1.12. By gender, a significant statistical difference emerged for open quotients obtained from both glottal area waveforms (P = 0.004) and high-speed kymography (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Obtained by using computational tools specifically for analyzing laryngeal images from high-speed videolaryngoscopy, quantitative parameters of glottal area waveforms and high-speed kymography in healthy individuals provide reference data and normality for future studies.

Effectiveness of video resources in nursing orientation before cardiac heart surgery.

OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the effectiveness of video resources in increasing patient knowledge during preoperative orientation for cardiac surgery compared to standard orientation. METHOD:: Randomized clinical trial. Patients in the intervention group (IG) received bedside orientation with the aid of a short video and a slide presentation on the day prior to surgery. Patients in the control group (CG) received standard orientation. Allocation and analysis of knowledge were blinded. Analysis was performed according to the intention to treat principle. RESULTS:: We included 90 patients, 45 in each group; 27.8% had incomplete primary education. There were no differences between groups in the baseline. After orientation, IG scored 7.20 (±1.56) and scored CG 2.71 (±1.96, p<0,001). The topic "surgical room" had the lowest proportion of correct answers in CG (6.7%), compared to IG (68.9%). The question about "postoperative unit" was the one with the highest proportion of correct answers in IG (93.3%), while in CG the proportion was 22.2%. "Ventilatory support" had a low proportion of correct answers in IG (60%), but still much higher than the correct answers in CG (17.8%). CONCLUSION:: Orientation performed with the aid of video resources is more effective for knowledge retention in preoperative patients, compared to verbal orientation alone.

Effectiveness of video resources in nursing orientation before cardiac heart surgery / Recursos audiovisuais na orientação pré-operatória de cirurgia cardíaca

Summary Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of video resources in increasing patient knowledge during preoperative orientation for cardiac surgery compared to standard orientation. Method: Randomized clinical trial. Patients in the intervention group (IG) received bedside orientation with the aid of a short video and a slide presentation on the day prior to surgery. Patients in the control group (CG) received standard orientation. Allocation and analysis of knowledge were blinded. Analysis was performed according to the intention to treat principle. Results: We included 90 patients, 45 in each group; 27.8% had incomplete primary education. There were no differences between groups in the baseline. After orientation, IG scored 7.20 (±1.56) and scored CG 2.71 (±1.96, p<0,001). The topic "surgical room" had the lowest proportion of correct answers in CG (6.7%), compared to IG (68.9%). The question about "postoperative unit" was the one with the highest proportion of correct answers in IG (93.3%), while in CG the proportion was 22.2%. "Ventilatory support" had a low proportion of correct answers in IG (60%), but still much higher than the correct answers in CG (17.8%). Conclusion: Orientation performed with the aid of video resources is more effective for knowledge retention in preoperative patients, compared to verbal orientation alone.

Resumo Objetivo: verificar a efetividade do uso de recursos audiovisuais para orientação pré-operatória de revascularização do miocárdio sobre o conhecimento a respeito do procedimento, quando comparado à orientação usual. Método: ensaio clínico randomizado. Os pacientes do grupo intervenção (GI) receberam, na véspera da cirurgia, orientações audiovisuais à beira do leito, através de um vídeo explicativo e diapositivos, enquanto o grupo controle (GC) recebeu orientações de rotina da unidade. A randomização foi oculta e a análise do conhecimento foi cegada em relação ao grupo. A análise foi realizada por intenção de tratar. Resultados: foram incluídos 90 pacientes, 45 em cada grupo; 27,8% dos pacientes incluídos apresentavam ensino fundamental incompleto. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos na linha de base. Após a orientação, o GI apresentou 7,20 (±1,56) acertos, enquanto o GC teve uma média de 2,71 (±1,96) acertos (p<0,001). O "bloco cirúrgico" foi o tópico que obteve o menor percentual de acertos no GC (6,7%), quando comparado ao GI, com 68,9% de acertos. A questão sobre a "unidade de pós-operatório" foi a mais acertada pelo GI, representando 93,3% de acertos, enquanto o GC teve apenas 22,2% de acertos. O tópico "suporte ventilatório" apresentou baixo percentual de acertos em ambos os grupos, 60% no GI e 17,8% no GC. Conclusão: orientações realizadas com recursos audiovisuais são mais efetivas para retenção do conhecimento quando comparadas a orientações verbais.

Psychophysical parameters of a multidimensional pain scale in newborns.

The Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) is a promising multidimensional tool for comparison and testing of new technologies in newborn pain assessment studies since it may adhere to basic psychophysical parameters of intensity, direction, reactivity, regulation and slope described in analyses of physiological pain indicators. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these psychophysical parameters can be achieved using the PIPP in acute pain assessment. Thirty-six healthy term newborn infants were conveniently sampled whilst being videotaped before, during and after heel prick blood sampling. The images were blind-scored by three trained independent raters and scored against the PIPP. The PIPP and its facial action indicators met the parameters of intensity, reactivity and regulation (all p < 0.001). The heart rate variability did not meet any parameter (all p > 0.05). The oxygen saturation variability met only the intensity parameter (p < 0.05). The behavioural state indicator met all parameters and had the best correlation to the psychophysical parameters of all indicators of PIPP (all p < 0.001). We concluded that the overall PIPP meets the assumptions of these psychophysical parameters, being the behavioural state indicator which best fit the model.

Standardization of the registration and analysis of mastication: proposal for clinical application.

The purpose of this study was to verify the inter-rater agreement level as a means of obtaining an efficiency measure of a standard mastication evaluation through video recordings. The studied population included oral breathing children and teenagers with maxillary atresia. The chewing aspects studied were mode of chewing and preferential chewing side. A white tag was placed on half the subjects' chins while the recordings were made. Two expert evaluators analyzed 54 video recordings at regular viewing speed. The lead author analyzed the same video recordings both at reduced speed and at reduced speed linked through graphical computing techniques. The analysis was conducted on chewing cycles with the viewing angle of the frontal plane. Findings indicated that when comparing the data for the three manners of watching the video recordings, the agreement level was higher for videos with the tag on the chin watched at reduced speed. It was also determined that alternating and bilateral mastication modes were prevalent (64.7%) in this sample.

Video image analysis as a potential grading system for Uruguayan beef carcasses.

A study was conducted in 2 phases to evaluate the effectiveness of 1) the VIAscan Beef Carcass System (BCSys; hot carcass system) and the CVS BeefCam (chilled carcass system), used independently or in combination, to predict Uruguayan beef carcass fabrication yields; and 2) the CVS BeefCam to segregate Uruguayan beef carcasses into groups that differ in the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values of their LM steaks. The results from the meat yield phase of the present study indicated that the prediction of saleable meat yield percentages from Uruguayan beef carcasses by use of the BCSys or CVS BeefCam is similar to, or slightly better than, the use of USDA yield grade calculated to the nearest 0.1 and was much more effective than prediction based on Uruguay National Institute of Meat (INAC) grades. A further improvement in fabrication yield prediction could be obtained by use of a dual-component video image analysis (VIA) system. Whichever method of VIA prediction of fabrication yield is used, a single predicted value of fabrication yield for every carcass removes an impediment to the implementation of a value-based pricing system. Additionally, a VIA method of predicting carcass yield has the advantage over the current INAC classification system in that estimates would be produced by an instrument rather than by packing plant personnel, which would appeal to cattle producers. Results from the tenderness phase of the study indicated that the CVS BeefCam output variable for marbling was not (P > 0.05) able to segregate steer and heifer carcasses into groups that differed in WBSF values. In addition, the results of segregating steer and heifer carcasses according to muscle color output variables indicate that muscle maturity and skeletal maturity were useful for segregating carcasses according to differences in WBSF values of their steaks (P > 0.05). Use of VIA to predict beef carcass fabrication yields could improve accuracy and reduce subjectivity in comparison with use of current INAC grades. Use of VIA to sort carcasses according to muscle color would allow for the marketing of more consistent beef products with respect to tenderness. This would help facilitate the initiation of a value-based marketing system for the Uruguayan beef industry.