Aqueous DMSO Mediated Conversion of (2-(Arylsulfonyl)vinyl)iodonium Salts to Aldehydes and Vinyl Chlorides.

Vinyl(aryl)iodonium salts are useful compounds in organic synthesis but they are under-utilized and their chemistry is under-developed. Herein is described the solvolysis of some vinyl(phenyl)iodonium salts, bearing an arylsulfonyl group, in aqueous DMSO leading to aldehyde formation. This unusual process is selective and operates under ambient conditions. Furthermore, the addition of aqueous HCl and DMSO to these vinyl(aryl)iodonium salts allows their facile conversion to vinyl chlorides.

Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of heteroaryl boronic acids and vinyl chlorides.

A protocol for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of heteroaryl boronic acids and vinyl chlorides that minimizes protodeboronation is described. A combination of catalytic amounts of Pd(OAc)(2) and SPhos in conjunction with CsF in isopropanol effectively affords a variety of coupled products. Surprisingly, a dramatic temperature dependence in product selectivity was observed.

Fabrication of 3D interconnected porous TiO2 nanotubes templated by poly(vinyl chloride-g-4-vinyl pyridine) for dye-sensitized solar cells.

Porous TiO(2) nanotube arrays with three-dimensional (3D) interconnectivity were prepared using a sol-gel process assisted by poly(vinyl chloride-graft-4-vinyl pyridine), PVC-g-P4VP graft copolymer and a ZnO nanorod template. A 7 µm long ZnO nanorod array was grown from the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass via a liquid phase deposition method. The TiO(2) sol-gel solution templated by the PVC-g-P4VP graft copolymer produced a random 3D interconnection between the adjacent ZnO nanorods during spin coating. Upon etching of ZnO, TiO(2) nanotubes consisting of 10-15 nm nanoparticles were generated, as confirmed by wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS), energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The ordered and interconnected nanotube architecture showed an enhanced light scattering effect and increased penetration of polymer electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The energy conversion efficiency reached 1.82% for liquid electrolyte, and 1.46% for low molecular weight (M(w)) and 0.74% for high M(w) polymer electrolytes.

[Occupational exposure to toxic substances during the production of vinyl chloride and chlorinated organic solvents]. / Narazenie zawodowe na substancje toksyczne podczas produkcji chlorku winylu i rozpuszczalników chloroorganicznych.

Determinations of vinyl chloride and chlorinated organic solvent concentrations at the breathing zone of the industrial workers employed at the vinyl chloride synthesis process have revealed excessive exposure to certain chlorinated compounds. The average exposures of the operators of the vinyl chloride synthesis apparatus have been found to be 13 MAC for vinyl chloride and 2.5 MAC for 1,2-dichloroethane. The operators of the solvent synthesis apparatus have been exposed to average concentrations of carbon tetrachloride up to 3.5 MAC, the corresponding values for the fitters being 4.5 MAC for vinyl chloride, 3.5 MAC for 1,2-dichloroethane, and 3 MAC for carbon tetrachloride.

[Why must we manufacture vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride?]. / Warum müssen Vinylchlorid und Polyvinylchlorid hergestellt werden?

The manufacture of PVC is necessary for supplying the demands of modern society, for maintaining the equilibrium in the chemical industry such as the manufacture of caustic soda solution-chlorine by means of rocksalt electrolysis, and for the safe disposal of chlorine for environmental reasons. The manufacture of vinyl chloride and dichloroethane is illustrated. The conventional processing of PVC into consumer goods, after treatment of rigid and plasticized PVC compounds or granulate, is demonstrated.