Vulvar lymphangiosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Lymphangiosarcoma (LSA) is a rare, highly malignant and infiltrative neoplasm of the lymphatic endothelium of dogs and cats. It is mostly reported in medium to large breed dogs, over 5-year-old, with no sexual predisposition. Affected animals present fluctuating and diffuse swelling, covering both dermis and subcutaneous tissue, spreading through lymphatic and haematic vessels. Histologically, LSA is characterized by connected channels devoid of conspicuous haematic elements. Treatment depends on location of the neoplasm, staging, and possibility of curative surgical excision. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can increase survival time. In this report, we describe a rare case of vulvar LSA in a dog. This is the first Brazilian report of LSA in dogs so far.Case: A 3-year-old, female, mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of vesicle-bullous lesions in the vulvar and perivulvar region with progressive growth along 6 month. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation in the superficial dermis, advancing through the profound dermis. The histological lesion pattern was consistent with angiosarcoma, which united along with macroscopic pattern of the tumor, and the presence of multiple anastomosed vascular structures without erythrocytes within it at microscopy, was compatible with LSA. No evidence of metastasis or lymphadenopathy was found on survey radiography and ultrasound. We performed a surgical excision, and remaining wound was reconstructed with an advancement skin flap. Despite wide surgical resection, neoplastic cells could be found in surgical borders, as well as a metastatic inguinal lymph node. Postoperative chemotherapy based on doxorubicin as a single agent was administrated. Disease free interval (DFI) was one month after surgery, when small bullous lesions were observed near the surgical site, and histopathological exam confirmed LSA...

Vulvar lymphangiosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Lymphangiosarcoma (LSA) is a rare, highly malignant and infiltrative neoplasm of the lymphatic endothelium of dogs and cats. It is mostly reported in medium to large breed dogs, over 5-year-old, with no sexual predisposition. Affected animals present fluctuating and diffuse swelling, covering both dermis and subcutaneous tissue, spreading through lymphatic and haematic vessels. Histologically, LSA is characterized by connected channels devoid of conspicuous haematic elements. Treatment depends on location of the neoplasm, staging, and possibility of curative surgical excision. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can increase survival time. In this report, we describe a rare case of vulvar LSA in a dog. This is the first Brazilian report of LSA in dogs so far.Case: A 3-year-old, female, mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of vesicle-bullous lesions in the vulvar and perivulvar region with progressive growth along 6 month. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation in the superficial dermis, advancing through the profound dermis. The histological lesion pattern was consistent with angiosarcoma, which united along with macroscopic pattern of the tumor, and the presence of multiple anastomosed vascular structures without erythrocytes within it at microscopy, was compatible with LSA. No evidence of metastasis or lymphadenopathy was found on survey radiography and ultrasound. We performed a surgical excision, and remaining wound was reconstructed with an advancement skin flap. Despite wide surgical resection, neoplastic cells could be found in surgical borders, as well as a metastatic inguinal lymph node. Postoperative chemotherapy based on doxorubicin as a single agent was administrated. Disease free interval (DFI) was one month after surgery, when small bullous lesions were observed near the surgical site, and histopathological exam confirmed LSA...(AU)

Cáncer de vulva y su tratamiento en Alicante, España (2000-2013) / Vulvar carcinoma and treatment (200-2013)

Introducción: en los últimos años se ha incrementado el número de carcinomas de vulva, sobre todo en pacientes menores de 50 años, asociado al incremento del número de casos de neoplasia vulvar intraepitelial. Objetivo: describir nuestra casuística de lesiones invasivas vulvares. Métodos: se realiza una revisión retrospectiva de todas las neoplasias de vulva atendidas en el servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, España desde 2000 hasta 2013. Resultados: esta serie comprende 38 casos. El carcinoma epidermoide fue la neoplasia más frecuente (78,9 por ciento). La supervivencia fue del 65 por ciento al finalizar el segundo año. La edad, el estado ganglionar, la presencia de márgenes afectos y el estadio tumoral, fueron predictores estadísticamente significativos para la supervivencia global. Conclusiones: la afectación ganglionar es un factor pronóstico importante para la supervivencia global. La elección de una técnica quirúrgica más conservadora disminuye la estancia hospitalaria sin modificar las tasas de recidivas ni la supervivencia(AU)

Introduction: In recent years it the number of vulvar carcinomas has increased, especially in patients younger than 50, associated with the increase of number of cases of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Objective: Describe our casuistic of vulvar neoplasia in the last 14 years and Determine prognostic variables for survival. Methods: Aretrospective review of all vulvar malignancies is conducted for those treated at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Elche University General Hospital, Alicante, Spain, from 2000 to 2013. Results: Our series included 38 patients. The most frequent neoplasm was squamous cell carcinoma (78.9 percent). Global survival at 2 years was 65 percent. Age, lymph node metastasis, involvement of resection margins and tumor stage, were statistically significant predictors for overall survival. Conclusions: Inguino-femoral lymph node status is an important prognostic factors for overall survival. Conservative surgery improves postoperative morbidity without modifying outcomes(AU)

Treatment of primary vulvar paget disease with 5% imiquimod cream.

INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of conservative treatment with imiquimod in Paget vulvar disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe a case series that includes 10 patients with histopathologic diagnosis of extramammary Paget disease of the vulva, who were treated with 5% imiquimod cream. Of these patients, 3 were treated for recurrent disease and 7 were treated for initial primary disease. The patients applied the cream every other day until the lesions were no longer clinically detected.They were previously instructed on how and where to apply the cream by making them use a mirror while following the physician's directions. RESULTS: Complete clinical and histologic remission of the disease was achieved in 9 patients. The remaining patient had partial histologic response and is still under treatment. The treatment was well tolerated despite moderate irritation. No recurrences were observed during a mean follow-up of 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the results, the authors consider that 5% imiquimod cream could be considered a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of primary vulvar Paget disease. Further studies are needed to determine the real efficacy and safety of 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of this infrequent disease.

Conservative management of extramammary paget disease with imiquimod.

OBJECTIVE: Extramammary Paget disease is a rare cutaneous neoplasm that most frequently affects the vulva. Surgery remains the preferred treatment, despite its association with high recurrence rates. Few reports have described conservative treatments for vulvar Paget disease. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of conservative treatment with imiquimod. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 4 patients who were treated with topical imiquimod 5% cream. RESULTS: One patient underwent vulvectomy after imiquimod therapy, and 3 patients experienced extensive recurrent disease that was unsuitable for surgical resection and were treated successfully with imiquimod. CONCLUSIONS: Imiquimod is an effective therapeutic agent for the conservative treatment of vulvar Paget disease.

Liquen escleroso vulvar y carcinoma espinocelular / Vulvar lichen sclerosus and squamous cell carcinoma

Introducción. El liquen escleroso es una entidad que se caracteriza por afectar piel y mucosas. Por su localización de elección a nivel vulvar, es abordado tanto por ginecólogos como por dermatólogos. Se debe realizar un seguimiento exhaustivo de estas pacientes con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de vida y evitar su transformación a carcinoma espinocelular. Objetivo. Determinar la incidencia de liquen escleroso en nuestro medio y su relación con el carcinoma espinocelular vulvar.Material y métodos. Se incluyeron en el estudio 32 pacientes con diagnóstico de liquen escleroso genital evaluadas en el Consultorio de Patología Vulvar en un período de cinco años. Resultados. El liquen escleroso representó el 7,05% de las consultas en el Consultorio de Patología Vulvar. De las 32 pacientes evaluadas, el rango de edad fue de 50 a 82 años, con una media de 66 años.La incidencia familiar fue observada en un caso (3,12%), en el que se vieron afectadas madre e hija. En el 96% de las enfermas, el síntoma preponderante fue el prurito.De las 32 pacientes con liquen escleroso, 6 (18,75%) se asociaron a carcinoma espinocelular; de éstos, 4 (66,7%) correspondieron a VIN diferenciado y 2 (33,3%) a carcinomas invasores. Durante el seguimiento, una de las pacientes falleció a causa del tumor. Conclusiones. El liquen escleroso es una patología frecuente que debería ser evaluada en forma conjunta por dermatólogos y ginecólogos. La transformación maligna en el 18,75% de nuestros casos justifica un seguimiento exhaustivo tanto clínico como histopatológico con la finalidad de detectar en forma temprana la aparición de neoplasias.

Treatment of bowenoid and basaloid vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 with imiquimod 5% cream.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of imiquimod 5% for the treatment of bowenoid and basaloid vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and to evaluate recurrences following treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Eight patients <55 years old (range, 32-51; mean, 39.7), with bowenoid or basaloid VIN 2/3 diagnosed by biopsy were treated with imiquimod 5%. Women with other types of intraepithelial neoplasia of the lower genital tract, immunosuppressed women, pregnant women and women with other types of vulvar pathology were excluded. Two patients previously treated for VIN 3 (surgical resection, resection by loop electrosurgical excision procedure) had recurrences. Patients applied imiquimod cream 3 times a week until total clearance of the lesions or up to a maximum of 16 weeks. Responses were categorized as total when there was no colposcopic evidence of a lesion, partial when the lesion area diminished >50% and progressive when there was an increase in the lesion area. A biopsy was performed at the end of treatment. Follow-up was carried out monthly (10-30 months). RESULTS: Total clearance of lesions was observed in 6 patients after 10-16 weeks. Two patients had a partial response (1 with 75% and the other with 50% reduction of the lesions). Posttreatment histopathology showed the absence of precancerous lesions in 7 patients (87.5%). Biopsy was positive for VIN 3 (12.5%) only in the patient showing a clinical response of 50%. Of the 7 patients with biopsies negative for VIN, 2 (25%) were positive for viral infection; 1 gave a negative reading after 2 months after treatment, and the other 1 remained positive for human papillomavirus. The patient with persistent VIN received surgical treatment. The side effects were as follows: erythema in 8 patients (100%), erosions in 1 patient (12.5%) and edema in 1 patient (12.5%). No relapses occurred after treatment during 10-30 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this initial series, imiquimod proved to be effective for the treatment of bowenoid and basaloid VIN 2/3 in a group of young women and was less aggressive treatment than surgical ones. The treatment was well tolerated, causing local reactions that enabled the therapy to be completed.

[Sarcomas of the vulva. Report of 2 cases]. / Sarcomas de la vulva. Informe de dos casos.

We report two cases of vulvar sarcomas that are our Institutional experience in 29 years. The first case was a teenager of 14 years-old with a low grade leiomyosarcoma surgically treated. Along a 22 years follow-up the disease has had four local recurrences of more than 5 cm each one: two after surgery and two after surgery plus chemotherapy and surgery plus radiotherapy respectively. She is alive disease evidence after two years from the last combined treatment. The second one, was a 26 years-old patient with a malignant schwannoma of 12 cm in diameter treated with combined radical surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. She is alive and without disease evidence 52 months after surgery. We emphasized that these tumors are very rare and the fact that the first patient is the youngest and with more years of follow up according the bibliography consulted. Treatment of vulvar sarcomas is radical local excision followed mainly by radiotherapy with infiltrating margins. The value of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is uncertain. According to the natural history and behavior of vulvar sarcomas, we conclude that the elective treatment of these tumors should be carry out in institutions of high level.

Manejo del cáncer de vulva en el Hospital Juárez de México / Management in the vulvar carcinoma in the Hospital Juárez de México

El carcinoma de vulva constituye del 3 al 5 por ciento de los tumores ginecológicos malignos. Su etiología exacta es desconocida. El 90 por ciento son epidermoides. Se presentan ocho casos de enfermas con carcinoma de vulva, de los cuales sólo el 12.5 por ciento correspondieron a lesiones tempranas. El tratamiento quirúrgico varió, dependiendo del estadio clínico: El manejo ganglionar estuvo sujeto a la localización de la lesión, la presencia o ausencia clínica de los ganglios y del estudio transoperatorio de los mismos. La radioterapia posoperatoria se utilizó en cinco enfermas (62.5 por ciento). Sólo un caso fue tratado con quimioterapia y radioterapia, pero los resultados no fueron valorables. La supervivencia con un seguimiento promedio de 24 meses fue de 62.5 por ciento. El factor pronóstico más importante fue el estado ganglionar. Es una neoplasia poco frecuente en nuestro medio, más de tres cuartas partes son lesiones avanzadas. Debe darse mayor interés a la detección temprana

Quimioterapia y radioterapia simultáneas en el carcinoma epidermoide de vulva localmente avanzado o recidivado: estudio en fase II / Combined drug therapy and radiotherapy in the advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: study in fase II

El tratamiento del carcinoma epidermoide de vulva es eminentemente quirúrgico, con excelentes resultados en estadios iniciales. Sin embargo, cuando la enfermedad se halla localmente avanzada, la eficacia de la cirugía decae significativamente, siendo la recurrencia local una situación sumamente frecuente a pesar del mayor esfuerzo quirúrgico. Objetivos: Evaluar en un estudio prospectivo la respuesta local a un esquema combinado y simultáneo de quimioterapia y radioterapia en el carcinoma epidermoide de vulva localmente avanzado o recidivado. Material y métodos: Ocho pacientes portadoras de carcinoma epidermoide de vulva localmente avanzado o recidivado fueron sometidas a un protocolo de quimioterapia y radioterapia simultáneas entre julio de 1993 y noviembre de 1994. El criterio de inclusión más importante fue la presencia de tumor vulvar (primario o recidivado) que invadiera estructuras vecinas o que, sin invadirlas, se hallase tan próximo a ellas que requiriera una cirugía exenterativa o no permitiera garantizar un margen de tejido libre satisfactorio sin recurrir a ella. Seis pacientes presentaban tumor primario y dos, recidivas posquirúrgicas. La media del tamaño tumoral fue de 7 cm. (rango 3-15 cm) y la media de superficie tumoral fue de 35 cm (rango 6-150 cm3). Se valoró la respuesta local y la toxicidad aguda al tratamiento. El esquema utilizado consistió en mitomicyn c 10 mg/m2/24 hs. día 1, y 5-fluoruracilo 800 mg/m2/24 hs. en infusión endovenosa continua días 1 a 4. Este esquema se repitió cada 21 días por dos ciclos. Se empleó telecobaltoterapia sobre tumor primario, regiones inguinales y pelvis con una dosis total de 45 -50 Gy., comenzando el día 1 de inicio del esquema...(AU)

Quimioterapia y radioterapia simultáneas en el carcinoma epidermoide de vulva localmente avanzado o recidivado: estudio en fase II / Combined drug therapy and radiotherapy in the advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: study in fase II

El tratamiento del carcinoma epidermoide de vulva es eminentemente quirúrgico, con excelentes resultados en estadios iniciales. Sin embargo, cuando la enfermedad se halla localmente avanzada, la eficacia de la cirugía decae significativamente, siendo la recurrencia local una situación sumamente frecuente a pesar del mayor esfuerzo quirúrgico. Objetivos: Evaluar en un estudio prospectivo la respuesta local a un esquema combinado y simultáneo de quimioterapia y radioterapia en el carcinoma epidermoide de vulva localmente avanzado o recidivado. Material y métodos: Ocho pacientes portadoras de carcinoma epidermoide de vulva localmente avanzado o recidivado fueron sometidas a un protocolo de quimioterapia y radioterapia simultáneas entre julio de 1993 y noviembre de 1994. El criterio de inclusión más importante fue la presencia de tumor vulvar (primario o recidivado) que invadiera estructuras vecinas o que, sin invadirlas, se hallase tan próximo a ellas que requiriera una cirugía exenterativa o no permitiera garantizar un margen de tejido libre satisfactorio sin recurrir a ella. Seis pacientes presentaban tumor primario y dos, recidivas posquirúrgicas. La media del tamaño tumoral fue de 7 cm. (rango 3-15 cm) y la media de superficie tumoral fue de 35 cm (rango 6-150 cm3). Se valoró la respuesta local y la toxicidad aguda al tratamiento. El esquema utilizado consistió en mitomicyn c 10 mg/m2/24 hs. día 1, y 5-fluoruracilo 800 mg/m2/24 hs. en infusión endovenosa continua días 1 a 4. Este esquema se repitió cada 21 días por dos ciclos. Se empleó telecobaltoterapia sobre tumor primario, regiones inguinales y pelvis con una dosis total de 45 -50 Gy., comenzando el día 1 de inicio del esquema...

Melanoma maligno da vulva. Relato de caso / Vulva's malignant melanoma. Relato de caso

Melanoma maligno e uma doença cutanea rara. Os autores relatam um caso de uma mulher de 58 anos de idade, branca, tratada por ressecçaocirurgica, localizado na regiao vulvar. Os metodos alternativos de imunoterapia sao discutidos