Curcumin nanoliposomes mitigate wound tissue inflammatory response caused by tooth extraction

Abstract Curcumin is a plant-derived compound with polypharmacological properties that are hampered by its poor solubility, fast degradation, etc. Wound closure complications that follow tooth extraction are numerous, and relatively frequently additional treatment is needed to prevent unwanted process chronification. The present study aims to compare the effects of free and the nanoliposome-encapsulated curcumin on tooth extraction wound closure. The experiments were performed on Wistar rats where both forms of curcumin were applied topically on a tooth extraction wound for seven days. Changes in tissue oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and oxidized proteins concentrations, and catalase activity) and inflammation (nitric oxide levels and myeloperoxidase activity) related parameters were studied three and seven days following the tooth extraction. Also, the extent of pathohistological changes and osteopontin immunohistochemical expression were studied. The obtained results indicate that both forms of curcumin prevent an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation-related parameters in the studied samples at 3-and 7-day time points. Additionally, we found that curcumin diminished tissue inflammatory response and osteopontin expression, while at the same time it caused faster granulation tissue maturation. The encapsulation of curcumin in nanoliposomes proved to be better in improving the extraction wound healing process than the free curcumin, giving this formulation a potential in the pharmaceutical industry.

Pilonidal sinus in pediatric age: primary vs. secondary closure. / Sinus pilonidal en edad pediátrica. Cierre primario versus cierre por segunda intención.

INTRODUCTION: Pilonidal sinus (PS) is a highly frequent condition in teenagers. There is no consensus on which type of closure should be carried out following surgical removal. Our objective is to compare primary closure (PC) results with secondary closure (SC) or deferred closure results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing surgery for PS between 2013 and 2018 were studied and classified according to the type of closure. Presence of infection at removal, recurrence rate, pre- and postoperative antibiotic treat-ment, number of previous drainages, and sinus size were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 57 patients (29 of whom women), 29 were treated using PC and 28 using SC. Mean age was 14±1 years in the PC group, and 16±1 years in the SC group. PC patients presented a postoperative partial dehiscence rate of 26%. No statistically significant differences were found between groups regarding the presence of infection at surgery, recurrence rate, postoperative antibiotic treat-ment, number of previous drainages, and sinus size (p>0.05). The SC group re-quired more postoperative dressings [4 (0-6) vs. 8 (2-11) (p<0.01)] and longer time to healing [60 days (9-240) vs. 98 days (30-450) (p<0.01)]. CONCLUSIONS: 1 out of 4 PS patients with PC presents postoperative partial dehiscence. However, PC involves fewer subsequent dressings and shorter heal-ing times as compared to SC.

INTRODUCCION: El sinus pilonidal (SP) es muy frecuente en adolescentes. Tras la escisión quirúrgica no existe consenso sobre qué tipo de cierre es el más idóneo. Nuestro objetivo es comparar resultados del cierre primario (CP) frente al cierre por segunda intención o diferido (CD). MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudiamos los pacientes intervenidos de SP desde 2013-2018, clasificándolos según el tipo de cierre. Se analizaron la presencia de infección en el momento de la escisión, la tasa de recidiva, el tratamiento antibiótico pre/postoperatorio, el número de drenajes previos y el tamaño del sinus. RESULTADOS: De los 57 pacientes (29 mujeres), 29 fueron tratados mediante CP y 28 con CD. Su edad media fue de 14 años ± 1a en el grupo CP y 16 años ± 1a en el CD. Los pacientes con CP presentaron una tasa de dehiscencia parcial postoperatoria del 26%. No encontramos diferencias significativas en la presencia de infección en el momento de la intervención, en la tasa de recidiva entre ambos grupos, el tratamiento antibiótico postoperatorio, el número de drenajes previos o el tamaño del sinus (p>0,05). El grupo de CD requirió mayor número de curas postoperatorias [4 (0-6) vs. 8 (2-11) (p<0,01)] y mayor tiempo hasta la curación [60 días (9-240) vs. 98 días (30-450) (p<0,01)]. CONCLUSIONES: Uno de cada 4 pacientes con cierre primario del SP presenta dehiscencia parcial postoperatoria. A pesar de ello las curas posteriores y el tiempo de curación son inferiores comparados con el cierre por segunda intención.

Management of open wounds: lessons from orthopedic oncology.

The management of complex wounds remains a challenge, and although there have been many promising advances, patients often undergo a morbid and lengthy process to obtain sufficient, satisfactory healing. Sarcoma patients are especially vulnerable to soft tissue wound-healing complications. These patients are often treated with neoadjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy and have compromised local vascularity to healing tissue. The advent and refinement of wound vacuum-assisted closure technology have been shown to have a tremendous impact. This article reviews the benefits of some novel technologies currently undergoing investigation in orthopedic oncology that will likely have applications in wound management from other causes.

Ridge preservation with and without primary wound closure: a case series.

The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and histologic efficacy of the combination of alloplastic biphasic calcium phosphate composed of 30% hydroxyapatite and 70% Β-tricalcium phosphate (Osteon II) and a cross-linked collagen membrane used to reconstruct an extraction socket with new bone formation. Twelve patients, from two private dental practices, requiring extraction of maxillary and mandibular nonmolar teeth (n = 30) received both Osteon II (0.5- to 1.0-mm particle size) and the collagen membrane. The primary healing intention group (group A, n = 12) received primary flap closure over the membrane, while in the secondary healing intention group (group B, n = 18), the membrane was left exposed. Early wound healing seemed to be slower in group B when compared to group A, but the difference was not noticeable after 4 weeks. Clinical reentry revealed that the dimensions of the ridge appeared to be maintained in both groups, and internal socket bone fill was evident. The grafted area appeared to be well vascularized, but clinically visible graft particles were noted in some cases. Light microscopic analysis revealed the formation of new bone directly apposing the surfaces of graft particles and bridging the space between them, indicating that the graft material behaved as an osteoconductive scaffold. The mean amount of vital bone in group A was 40.3% ± 7.8%, while the remaining graft was 6.0% ± 4.0%. The mean amount of vital bone in group B was 47.3% ± 11.3%, while the remaining graft was 18.0% ± 20.0%. The absence of primary flap closure did not affect the percentage of vital bone formation or residual graft.