A Brief Report on the Ethical and Legal Guides For Technology Use in Marriage and Family Therapy.

Marriage and family therapists (MFTs) use ethical codes and state licensure laws/rules as guidelines for best clinical practice. It is important that professional codes reflect the potential exponential use of technology in therapy. However, current standards regarding technology use lack clarity. To explore this gap, a summative content analysis was conducted on state licensure laws/rules and professional ethical codes to find themes and subthemes among the many aspects of therapy in which technology can be utilized. Findings from the content analysis indicated that while there have been efforts by both state and professional organizations to incorporate guidance for technology use in therapy, a clear and comprehensive "roadmap" is still missing. Future scholarship is needed that develops clearer guidelines for therapists.

Uso de aplicativos móveis em cirurgia plástica / Use of mobile applications in plastic surgery

INTRODUÇÃO A modernização da Medicina permitiu uma maior interação entre a equipe médica e o paciente. O desenvolvimento tecnológico, principalmente na comunicação, permitiu a criação de novos aparelhos, como smartphones e tablets. A disseminação destes aparelhos e o desenvolvimento de aplicativos permitiram o uso destes na Medicina, sendo um meio rápido de acesso a informação, diagnóstico, acompanhamento de pacientes, simulações cirúrgicas, orientações, livros eletrônicos e informações sobre a patologia, e na conduta terapêutica e cirúrgica. Este estudo é uma revisão para identificação dos aplicativos sobre cirurgia plástica nestes aparelhos: smartphones e tablets. MÉTODOS: Foram pesquisadas, na língua inglesa, as bases de aplicativos google play® e apple store®, encontradas disponíveis até junho de 2014. Foram encontrados, inicialmente, 588 aplicativos relacionados à cirurgia plástica. Com base na descrição dos aplicativos, estes foram classificados quanto a gratuidade, área de atuação, base em que o aplicativo foi encontrado e utilização. RESULTADOS: Após utilização de critérios, foram encontrados 19 aplicativos, dos quais 11 relacionados à simulação cirúrgica, cinco à avaliação clínica e três sobre microcirurgia e retalhos. Quanto ao acesso, 12 eram gratuitos e sete pagos. Quanto à base de aplicativos, 11 eram exclusivos da apple store®, dois exclusivos da android® e seis encontrados em ambas. CONCLUSÃO: Existem atualmente cerca de 600 aplicativos relacionados à cirurgia plástica, porém apenas cerca de 20 destes apresentam aplicabilidade clínica. É necessário o desenvolvimento da acessibilidade através desses aplicativos em outras línguas, facilitando o uso destes em outros países.

INTRODUCTION The modernization of medicine allowed a greater interaction between medical teams and patients. Technological development, especially in the field of communication, has led to the creation of new devices such as smartphones and tablets. The widespread popularity of these devices and the development of applications have allowed their use in medicine, being quick means of accessing information, diagnosis, patient follow-up, surgical simulations, guidelines, electronic books and information on pathological conditions, and therapeutic and surgical procedures. This study is a review of the applications of smartphones and tablets in plastic surgery. METHODS: The application stores Google Play® and Apple Store® in English were assessed until June 2014. Initially, 588 applications related to plastic surgery were found. Based on their descriptions, the applications were classified according to cost, area of operation, store in which the application is made available, and use. RESULTS: After applying the exclusion criteria, 19 applications were selected, of which 11 were related to surgical simulations; five, to clinical evaluations; and three, to microsurgery and flaps. With regard to access, 12 were free and seven were paid. Of these applications, 11 were exclusive to the Apple Store®, two were exclusive to Android®, and six were available in both. CONCLUSION: Approximately 600 applications related to plastic surgery have been developed, but only about 20 of these have clinical applicability. The development of these applications in other languages is needed, facilitating their use in other countries.

Cyberbullying en tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria: variables moduladoras y consecuencias sobre la ansiedad / No disponible

El dominio y familiaridad de nuestro adolescentes con las nuevas tecnologías (generación interactiva) ha provocado que las formas tradicionales de maltrato entre iguales cambien con el transcurrir del tiempo, apareciendo manifestaciones más específicas que se sirven de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación para acosar con ensañamiento a la víctima. Esta nueva forma de maltrato se denomina cyberbullying y presenta aspectos comunes con las formas tradicionales de bullying, pero también unas características particulares que lo diferencian. Con nuestro estudio pretendemos responder a las siguientes cuestiones: ¿cuál es la prevalencia entre el alumnado de Educación Primaria del fenómeno cyberbullying en la Comunidad de Extremadura?, ¿qué papel juegan el género y la edad en la prevalencia de víctimas y agresores en el fenómeno cyberbullying?, y ¿cuáles son las consecuencias sobre la ansiedad en las víctimas del cyberbullying?

The domain and familiarity of our teenagers with new technologies (interactive generation) has led to traditional forms of bullying change with the passage of time, appearing more specific manifestations that use new information technologies to harass victims with cruelty. This new form of abuse is called cyberbullying and has aspects in common with traditional forms of bullying, but it also was some characteristics that set it apart. In our study we try to answer the following questions: What is the prevalence in Elementary School of the cyberbullying phenomenon in the Community of Extremadura? What role do gender and age have on the prevalence of victims and aggressors in the cyberbullying phenomenon? What are the consequences of anxiety in victims of cyberbullying?

Patient informed governance of distributed research networks: results and discussion from six patient focus groups.

Understanding how to govern emerging distributed research networks is essential to their success. Distributed research networks aggregate patient medical data from many institutions leaving data within the local provider security system. While much is known about patients' views on secondary medical research, little is known about their views on governance of research networks. We conducted six focus groups with patients from three medical centers across the U.S. to understand their perspectives on privacy, consent, and ethical concerns of sharing their data as part of research networks. Participants positively endorsed sharing their health data with these networks believing that doing so could advance healthcare knowledge. However, patients expressed several concerns regarding security and broader ethical issues such as commercialism, public benefit, and social responsibility. We suggest that network governance guidelines move beyond strict technical requirements and address wider socio-ethical concerns by fully including patients in governance processes.

Concepto y aplicaciones de la Web 3.0: una introducción para médicos / Concept and applications of the Web 3.0: An introduction for medical doctors

La evolución de Internet es continua y parece no tener fin, aunque con la llegada de la Web 3.0 podría afirmarse que Internet es lo que sus creadores pretendían que fuera desde un primer momento: una extraordinaria e inmensa base de datos organizada, comprensible y de fácil acceso, características todavía no alcanzadas. Las novedades y los servicios incorporados por la Web 3.0 redundarán, en primer lugar, en un mejor acceso, más rápido y seguro a la información de calidad y, en segundo lugar, dotarán de una mayor personalización a los servicios sanitarios a los que acceden los usuarios de Internet, y evitarán información no relevante que contenga recomendaciones de salud equívocas, falsas o peligrosas. Sin embargo, estos cambios deberán acompañarse de los requerimientos legales propios de la sociedad de la información y de los aspectos éticos relacionados con la atención médica, lo que garantiza y contribuye a mejorar en cualquier caso la relación médico-paciente(AU)

The development of the Internet is continuous and appears to be never-ending, although with the arrival of Web 3.0 it could be said that the Internet is what its creators intended it to be from the first moment, an extraordinary and immense organised, understandable, and easy to access data base, characteristics still not achieved. The innovations and services included in Web 3.0 will result, in the first place, in better, faster and safer access to quality information. In the second place it should provide better personalisation of the health services that Internet users access, avoiding irrelevant information that may contain wrong, false and dangerous recommendations. However, these changes will have to be accompanied by the legal requirements common to the information society, by the ethical aspects associated with medical care, guaranteeing and contributing, in all cases, to improving the doctor-patient relationship(AU)

Ética e historia farmacoterapéutica / Ethics and the patient’s pharmacotherapeutic record

El objetivo del presente trabajo es hacer una reflexión ética sobre los datos personales y de salud que están inundando nuestros ordenadores. El respeto a la confidencialidad y a la autonomía del paciente cuando se establece el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico exige un tratamiento ético de los datos que allí se contienen. Conceptos como, por ejemplo, consentimiento informado, confidencialidad, derecho de acceso y derecho de rectificación son términos que acompañan el quehacer clínico y que, poco a poco, hemos de incorporar a nuestra terminología farmacéutica. La obtención y el tratamiento de esta información pueden serlas causas de uno de los principales problemas éticos y legales que se plantean en el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico personalizado. Este trabajo pretende definir el concepto de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico personalizado y abordar diferentes aspectos, entre ellos la finalidad de la historia farmacoterapéutica, su custodia, conservación y confidencialidad, y el consentimiento informado. No se trata simplemente de hacer una extrapolación de la ética médica a la farmacéutica, sino de, basándonos en la normativa legal, abordar el tratamiento de los datos de la historia farmacoterapéutica desde unos principios éticos mínimos, como el respeto a la confidencialidad, la autonomía y la libertad del individuo (AU)

The objective of this study is to consider the ethical aspects of the personal and health data flooding our computers. Respect for confidentiality and the patient's autonomy when establishing the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up requires the ethical treatment of the data contained therein. Concepts like informed consent, confidentiality, right of access and right to correction are terms that go hand in hand with clinical work and which we must slowly incorporate into our pharmaceutical terminology. The collection and handling of this information may be the cause of one of the main ethical and legal problems arising in personalised pharmacotherapeutic follow-up. This study aims to define the concept of personalised pharmacotherapeutic follow-up and approach different aspects, including the purpose of the patient’s pharmacotherapeutic record, its custody, conservation and confidentiality, as well as informed consent. Our aim is not to simply extrapolate pharmaceutical ethics from medical ethics, but rather to approach, on the basis of current regulations, the treatment of data in patients' pharmacotherapeutic records according to certain minimum ethical principles, like respect for the patient's confidentiality, autonomy and freedom (AU)

Knowledge management and electronic care records: Incorporating social, legal and ethical issues.

Many challenges face developers of secure computer-based clinical systems but the technical problems are overshadowed by many obstacles, key amongst them being social and ethical issues. A sound Knowledge Management (KM) structure within clinical environments can recognise the responsibility of healthcare professionals to keep patient clinical data (for example, electronic care record (ECR) systems) secure. An arrangement is proposed that gives the most senior clinician in a healthcare facility the ultimate responsibility for security of clinical data held in the organisation. Ideally, the senior clinician would possess training and experience in information systems and their security. Contracts should be developed between healthcare facilities and their patients, defining the limits to the use and disclosure of clinical health data. However, we are observing increasing confusion about the term 'Knowledge Management' which may be limited both its efficacy and effectiveness. Health organisations are referring to the term in various contexts and health informatics articles frequently use the term and interpret it in diverse ways. Given the divergence of views, this paper will attempt to establish KM's efficacy for the implementation of electronic care record systems.

Working IT out in e-Science: experiences of requirements capture in a HealthGrid project.

This paper reports on our experiences of being involved in requirements capture for a HealthGrid project. Large scale, collaborative projects with multiple partners tend to experience numerous problems in the requirements capture phase (and often beyond) and HealthGrid projects are no exception. Projects with highly innovative objectives often have additional sets of problematics, however. In carving out new visions of, for example, clinical research and healthcare service delivery, HealthGrid projects have to reckon with--and work within--existing healthcare policy, legislative frameworks, professional cultures and organisational politics as well as the more common integration problem of dealing with legacy systems. Such factors are not conducive to the achievement in healthcare of the e-Science vision of seamless integration of information and collaborative working across administrative, professional and organisational boundaries. In this paper, we document some of the challenges we encountered in investigating the requirements for eDiaMoND, a flagship pilot UK e-Science project. We discuss what we might learn from these challenges, especially approaches to requirements capture that are appropriate for projects with innovative aims and are also sensitive to representing and addressing what may be complex professional and organisational interests.

Bioinformatics: perspectives for the future.

I give here a very personal perspective of Bioinformatics and its future, starting by discussing the origin of the term (and area) of bioinformatics and proceeding by trying to foresee the development of related issues, including pattern recognition/data mining, the need to reintegrate biology, the potential of complex networks as a powerful and flexible framework for bioinformatics and the interplay between bio- and neuroinformatics. Human resource formation and market perspective are also addressed. Given the complexity and vastness of these issues and concepts, as well as the limited size of a scientific article and finite patience of the reader, these perspectives are surely incomplete and biased. However, it is expected that some of the questions and trends that are identified will motivate discussions during the IcoBiCoBi round table (with the same name as this article) and perhaps provide a more ample perspective among the participants of that conference and the readers of this text.