Sense of coherence, resilience, and habitual optimism in cancer patients

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the three resource variables sense of coherence, resilience, and dispositional optimism become impaired when people are ill with cancer, whether there are sex and age differences in these variables, and how these variables are associated with quality of life (QoL). Method: A sample of 1108 patients with mixed cancer diagnoses were examined using the Sense of Coherence Scale-3 (SOC-3), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), and the QoL questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30. Results: The three resource variables showed somewhat lower levels in the patients’ sample in comparison with general population controls, with effect sizes between −0.10 and −0.23. While there were only small sex differences in the resource variables, significant age differences were found in these variables, with stronger detriments in younger patients. The correlations among the resource variables ranged between .53 and .61. Sense of coherence was more strongly correlated with QoL than resilience and optimism. Conclusions: Cancer patients with low levels of personal resources adapt to their disease more poorly than patients with high levels. In addition to limitations in QoL, health care professionals should also consider patients’ resources for coping with the disease. Special attention should be given to young cancer patients. (AU)

Ética de los sentimientos, desarrollo de capacidades, memoria histórica y reconciliación: la fragilidad del personal de salud en el conflicto armado colombiano / Ètica dels sentiments, desenvolupament de capacitats, memòria històrica i reconciliació: la fragilitat del personal de salut al conflicte armat colombià / Ethics of feelings, capacity building, historical memory, and reconciliation: the fragility of health personnel in the Colombian armed conflict

Objetivo: analizar la forma en que los sentimientos y la recuperación de la memoria colectiva, posibilitan la disminución de la fragilidad social y política de los integrantes de la Misión Médica, haciendo factible nuevas maneras de participación, mediante el desarrollo de capacidades deliberativas desde la perspectiva bioética. Metodología: estudio exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, que toma en cuenta la subjetividad e intersubjetividad de los participantes. Con fuentes de información heterogénea: grupos focales, entrevistas semiestructuradas y cartillas de campo, se constituyó un marco de factores relevantes, que permitieron procesar la información, mediante relaciones y categorizaciones conceptuales,para su posterior triangulación. Resultados: los sentimientos con mayor impacto ético en Misión Médica: incertidumbre, inseguridad ante el trabajo, ansiedad por los hechos de violencia, tristeza, temor, miedo e impotencia; producen efectos emocionales relacionados con el principio de maleficencia. La resiliencia, ha impedido realizar ejercicios de memoria colectiva, a causa del negacionismo y temor a recordar los hechos más significativos, esto les ha impedido el acceso a los mecanismos de Justicia Restaurativa. La ausencia de capacidades para afrontar la situación compromete la autonomía individual, la salud laboral y genera carencias legales no resueltas. Conclusiones: los sentimientos colectivos en el ámbito público del personal sanitario prevalecen sobre los sentimientos individuales basados en vivencias, que afectan la capacidad de deliberación, esto implica promover ejercicios de memoria colectiva, sobre los hechos del conflicto, mediante el desarrollo de capacidades que fortalezcan la legitima defensade su autonomía y el desarrollo de un ejercicio profesional beneficiente, ante situaciones limítrofes de confrontación.(AU)

Objectiu: analitzar la manera com els sentiments i la recuperació de la memòria col·lectiva, possibiliten la disminució de la fragilitat social i política dels integrants de la Missió Mèdica, fent factible noves maneres de participació, mitjançant el desenvolupament de capacitats deliberatives des de la perspectiva bioètica. Metodologia: estudi exploratori amb enfocament qualitatiu, que té en compte la subjectivitat i la intersubjectivitat dels participants. Amb fonts d'informació heterogènia: grups focals, entrevistes semiestructurades i cartilles de camp, es va constituir un marc de factors rellevants, que van permetre processar la informació, mitjançant relacions i categoritzacions conceptuals, per triangular-les posteriorment. Resultats: els sentiments amb més impacte ètic a Missió Mèdica: incertesa, inseguretat davant la feina, ansietat pels fets de violència, tristesa, temor, por i impotència; produeixen efectes emocionals relacionats amb el principi de maleficència. La resiliència, ha impedit fer exercicis de memòria col·lectiva, a causa del negacionisme i temor de recordar els fets més significatius, això els ha impedit l'accés als mecanismes de Justícia Restaurativa. L'absència de capacitats per fer fronta la situació compromet l'autonomia individual, la salut laboral i genera mancances legals no resoltes. Conclusions: els sentiments col·lectius en l'àmbit públic del personal sanitari prevalen sobre els sentiments individuals basats en vivències, que afecten la capacitat de deliberació, això implica promoure exercicis de memòria col·lectiva, sobre els fets del conflicte, mitjançant el desenvolupament de capacitats que enforteixin la legítima defensa de la seva autonomia i el desenvolupament d'un exercici professional beneficient, davant de situacions limítrofes de confrontació.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the way in which feelings and the recovery of collective memory make it possible to reduce the social and political fragility of the members of the Medical Mission, making new ways of participation feasible, through the development ofdeliberative capacities from a bioethical perspective. Methodology: exploratory study with qualitative approach, which considers the subjectivity and intersubjectivity of the participants. With heterogeneous sources of information: focus groups, semi-structured interviews and field primers, a framework of relevant factors was constituted, which allowed processing the information, through conceptual relationships and categorizations, for its subsequent triangulation. Results: the feelings with the greatest ethical impact in Mission Medical: uncertainty, insecurity at work, anxiety due to acts of violence, sadness, fear, fear, and impotence; produce emotional effects related to the principle of maleficence. Resilience has prevented them from carrying out collective memory exercises, due to denial and fear of remembering the most significant events, which has prevented them from accessing Restorative Justice mechanisms. The absence of capacities to face the situation compromises individual autonomy, occupational health and generates unresolved legal shortcomings. Conclusions: collective feelings in the public sphere of health personnel prevail over individual feelings based on experiences, which affect the capacity for deliberation, this implies promoting exercises of historical memory on the facts of the conflict, through the development of capacities that strengthen the legitimate defense of their autonomy and the development of a beneficial professional exercise, in the face of borderline situations of confrontation.(AU)

Correlation between psychological resilience and burnout syndrome in oncologists amid the Covid-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: Oncologists are predisposed to developing burnout syndrome. Like other health care professionals worldwide, oncologists have endured additional, extreme challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic. Psychological resilience presents a potential protective mechanism against burnout. This cross-sectional study examines whether psychological resilience eased burnout syndrome among Croatian oncologists during the pandemic. METHODS: An anonymized self-reporting questionnaire was electronically distributed by the Croatian Society for Medical Oncology to 130 specialist and resident oncologists working in hospitals. Available for completion from September 6-24, 2021, the survey comprised demographic questions; the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), covering exhaustion and disengagement; and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The response rate was 57.7%. RESULTS: Burnout was moderate or high for 86% of respondents, while 77% had moderate or high psychological resilience. Psychological resilience was significantly negatively correlated with the OLBI exhaustion subscale (r = - .54; p < 0.001) and the overall OLBI score (r = - .46; p < 0.001). Scheffe's post hoc test showed that oncologists with high resilience scored significantly lower on the overall OLBI (M = 2.89; SD = 0.487) compared to oncologists with low resilience (M = 2.52; SD = 0.493). CONCLUSION: The findings thus indicate that oncologists with high psychological resilience are at significantly lower risk of developing burnout syndrome. Accordingly, convenient measures to encourage psychological resilience in oncologists should be identified and implemented.

The Role of Family Resilience and Pandemic Burnout on Mental Health: A Two-Wave Study in China.

Family resilience refers to the processes through which a family adapts to and bounces back from adversities. Pandemic burnout refers to feeling emotionally exhausted, cynical, and lack of accomplishment during the pandemic and/or toward various preventive polices and measures. This two-wave, region-wide, longitudinal study included 796 adult participants residing in mainland China. Participants completed online surveys at two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic. Time 1 (T1) survey was conducted when the number of new infected cases in China stabilized, while Time 2 (T2) was conducted 5 months later when there was a sudden surge of new infected cases. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the interaction and main effects of pandemic burnout and family resilience at T2 showed significant incremental prediction of depression and anxiety at T2, after controlling for demographic as well as individual and family resilience at T1. These results supported the hypotheses that current family resilience functions as a protective factor, whereas pandemic burnout functions as a risk factor of mental health during successive waves of pandemic outbreaks. In particular, family resilience at T2 mitigated the negative impact of high pandemic burnout on anxiety and depression at T2.

Academic Passion and Subjective Well-Being among Female Research Reserve Talents: The Roles of Psychological Resilience and Academic Climate.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic passion (AP) and subjective well-being (SWB), along with the mediating role of psychological resilience (PR) and the moderating role of academic climate (AC), among Chinese female research talent in reserve. A convenience sampling method was used to select 304 female master's degree students from several universities in the central region of China a questionnaire survey. The results show that: (1) AP has a positive predictive effect on the SWB of female reserve research talents; (2) PR partially mediated the relationship between the AP and SWB of female reserve research talents; (3) AC moderated the relationship between the AP and SWB of female reserve research talents. Thus, the findings of this study support a moderated mediation model that explores the relationship between AP and SWB for female research backups, with PR as the mediating variable and AC as the moderating variable. These findings provide a new perspective with which to explore the mechanisms influencing the subjective well-being of female research reserves.

Negative life events and aggression among Chinese rural left-behind adolescents: do self-esteem and resilience mediate the relationship?

BACKGROUND: Left-behind adolescents (LBAs) are adolescents aged 11-18 years who are separated from their parents and left behind in local cities by one or both parents for a period of more than 6 months. LBAs in rural areas are likely to engage in aggressive behavior, which can affect interpersonal relationships, reduce academic performance, and even lead to anxiety and depression. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the mediating effect of resilience and self-esteem on the relationship between negative life events and aggression among Chinese rural LBAs. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between negative life events and aggression among Chinese rural LBAs and how self-esteem and resilience mediate the association. METHODS: Using a stratified random sampling method, 1344 LBAs in Hunan Province of China were investigated. Information was collected by a self-designed sociodemographic questionnaire, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Resilience Scale Chinese Adolescent, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Aggression Scales to assess the psychology of LBAs. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis to estimate direct and indirect effects using bootstrap analysis. RESULTS: Negative life events were significantly related to self-esteem (r = - 0.338), resilience (r = - 0.359), and aggression (r = 0.441). Aggression was directly affected by self-esteem (ß = - 0.44) and resilience (ß = - 0.34). Negative life events were not only directly related to aggression (ß = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.275 ~ 0.398) but also showed an indirect effect on aggression through self-esteem and resilience. The direct effect, total effect and indirect effect of negative life events on aggression through self-esteem and resilience were 0.3364, 0.4344 and 0.0980, respectively. The mediating effect of self-esteem and resilience accounted for 22.56% of the relationship between negative life events and aggression. CONCLUSIONS: We found that self-esteem and resilience mediated most negative life events on aggression. It is imperative for educators and families to improve LBAs' self-esteem and resilience to reduce the occurrence of aggression. Future intervention studies should be designed to strengthen self-esteem and resilience.

Effects of Emotional Regulation, Resilience, and Distress Disclosure on Post-Traumatic Growth in Nursing Students.

Nursing students, who need to reflect on self, secure their identity, and be prepared as would-be nurses, can make a good use of post-traumatic growth (PTG) that can function as a catalyst for positive change even amidst this COVID-19 crisis. Emotional regulation strategies in traumatic events are key factors for successful growth, resilience is positively associated with PTG, and distress disclosure is an important factor for stress reduction. In this context, this study is a descriptive research study to identify factors influencing the PTG of nursing students, using emotional regulation, resilience, and distress disclosure as the main variables. Data were collected from 231 junior and senior students of the nursing departments of two universities, and the collected data were analyzed using the t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA, the Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression in SPSS/WIN 26.0. Analysis of the PTG scores of the nursing students by general characteristics revealed significant differences in PTG according to the transfer status, perceived health status, and levels of satisfaction with major, hybrid-learning class, interpersonal relationship satisfaction, and clinical practice. Factors influencing PTG were identified to be resilience, reappraisal among emotional regulation strategies, satisfaction with clinical practice, and transfer, with the overall explanatory power calculated at 44%. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to consider resilience and reappraisal, which is a sub-variable of emotional regulation strategies, in order to develop programs designed to promote PTG of nursing students in the future.

Stress and Resilience Experiences during the Transition to Parenthood among Belgian Lesbian Mothers through Donor Insemination.

The present research explored parenting, stress, and resilience experiences among 16 Belgian, lesbian, first-time parental couples with donor-conceived children aged 3-72 months. In each couple, both mothers participated in a conjoint, semi-structured interview focused on their parenthood desire; the impact of stigmatization and social support from families of origin, friends, and institutions; and couple and family resources. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's reflective thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: (1) "The precious baby": Realizing the parenthood project; (2) "Can we show ourselves in public without prying eyes?": Family social visibility; (3) "It's complicated!": Parental legal recognition and role imbalance; and (4) "How can we handle this?": Family resilience. The themes indicated that the child's donor conception, the parents' coming out, the non-gestational mother's role, the legal obstacles encountered, and the need to find a balance between the two mothers in childcare tasks generated stress and required mothers to develop resilience strategies. The results suggest several potential areas for mental health practitioners to explore in clinical contexts when supporting intended lesbian mothers in their transition to parenthood through donor insemination.

Psychological Distress, Resilience, and Help-Seeking Experiences of LGBTIQA+ People in Rural Australia.

The aims of this paper were to explore mental health, the aspects associated with psychological distress and resilience, and the help-seeking experiences of LGBTIQA+ people. This research used a mixed-method approach using a survey and semi-structured interviews. The study was conducted in rural and remote Tasmania, Australia. Sixty-six participants completed the survey, and 30 participated in interviews. Participants reported a range of mental health concerns and varied experiences of accessing care and support in rural Australia. Depression and anxiety were the most common among participants. Almost half of all participants had attempted suicide in their lifetime, and just over a fifth had self-harmed. Two-thirds of the sample had high/very high psychological distress. For respondents, lacking social support was associated with increased psychological distress and low level of resilience. Public acceptance and social support enhanced interviewees' resilience. Interviewees experienced a lack of nearby mental health professionals, were unimpeded by operating hours, and trusted mental health professionals, which impacted help seeking and mental health. The findings indicate that acceptance, access and proximity to care, and mental health professionals' cultural competence would benefit rural Tasmanian LGBTIQA+ peoples' mental health. There is a need to improve public education, improve mental health professionals' curricula, and provide inclusive and tailored mental health care.

Mechanisms of Physical Exercise Effects on Anxiety in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Lockdown: An Analysis of the Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience and the Moderating Role of Media Exposure.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of physical exercise on anxiety in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, as well as the mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of media exposure. An online questionnaire was used to survey older adults in Chengdu, Southwest China. A total of 451 older adults aged 60 years and older participated in the study (209 males and 242 females). The results suggest that physical exercise negatively influenced anxiety symptoms in older adults; psychological resilience mediated the effect of physical exercise on anxiety in older adults and negatively predicted it; furthermore, media exposure moderated the effects of physical exercise and psychological resilience on anxiety, and low levels of media exposure strengthened these effects. This study suggests that participation in physical exercise and reduced media exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown may have reduced anxiety in older adults.

Resilience After COVID-19: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional Study.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between resilience and health-related quality of life in patients following COVID-19 disease among those with and without lingering symptoms. The study design is descriptive and cross-sectional. Participants (n = 97) were adults who had earlier contracted COVID-19 disease and were in post-infection status between July and October 2020. Participants completed the following instruments: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Short-Form 12-item Health Survey, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Approximately 35% post-COVID-19 patients had a low level of resilience. The impact on the health status and resilience of those who had reported symptoms after 6 months was also significant. Age and depression had a significant impact on level of resilience. This relationship can affect patient recovery and negatively impact the ability to cope with COVID-19 disease. It is necessary to implement specialized training for clinicians on the effects of long-term COVID-19 to improve patient care. Long COVID symptoms might manifest months after an acute COVID-19 illness; clinicians who can confirm patient reports of these symptoms may help patients recover and become more resilient.

The Moderating Role of Family Resilience on the Relationship between COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress and Mental Health among Caregivers of Individuals with Eating Disorders in Post-Pandemic China.

COVID-19 has amplified long-standing emotional distress for vulnerable families. While abundant research highlights the importance of resilience under adverse circumstances, little has been undertaken to understand its effectiveness in helping caregivers of individuals with eating disorders (ED) navigate pandemic-related challenges. This paper presents findings of a cross-sectional study investigating the effects of COVID-19-related life disruptions (COLD) and COVID-19-related psychological distress (CORPD) on caregivers' depression, anxiety and stress, as well as the moderation role of individual resilience (IR) and family resilience (FR) during the post-pandemic period in China. A total of 201 caregivers of individuals experiencing ED participated in our online survey from May 2022 to June 2022. The association between pandemic-related stressors (i.e., COLD and CORPD) and mental health conditions were confirmed. FR moderated the relationship between CORPD and mental health outcomes, while IR independently contributed to low emotional distress. We call for intervention programs strengthening caregivers' FR and IR, which might benefit both patients and caregivers' well-being in the post-pandemic period.

Developing Psychological Resilience to the Impact of Drought.

BACKGROUND: Drought is a slow-onset natural hazard with significant socioeconomic, environmental and psychological impacts. The extant literature has predominately focused on the physical and economic dimensions of resilience, which mainly address the socioeconomic and environmental consequences of drought. However, the mental health effects of chronic environmental adversity, such as prolonged drought, remain an under-researched area, and frameworks that build and strengthen the psychological aspect of the social resilience of communities are lacking. METHODS: This feasibility study will employ a mixed-method design sub-divided into three phases. Phase 1 will utilise social network analysis (SNA) to identify leadership patterns and their intersections across communities. While phase 2 will use semi-structured interviews to ascertain the perceived roles of identified leaders in preparing for and recovering from drought impacts, the third phase will adopt the Delphi method to unpack existing perceptions of control, coherence and connectedness.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Psychological Resilience of Emergency Room Nurses Under Public Health Emergencies.

Resilience is essential for frontline health workers to cope with the unfavorable situations, especially under public health emergencies. Emergency room (ER) nurses are a special cohort of health professionals that may present moderate level of resilience. This study aimed to identify factors that are correlated with resilience in this special cohort to provide directions for intervention and management. ER nurses that have encountered a public health emergency within 3 months were recruited using purposive sampling and snowball technique for the study. Questionnaires, including Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) were established, followed by an in-depth interview to identify different clusters of themes. Thirteen ER nurses were recruited, and the average CD-RISC score was 66 ± 21. Resilience was negatively correlated with SDS index, and positively correlated with personal accomplishment. Five clusters of themes were identified from in-depth interviews, including physical tolerability, psychological tolerability, tenacity of internal drive, institutional implementation, and external adjustment. This study identified factors associated with resilience in ER nurses under public health emergencies, providing useful information for future directions for intervention.

Bienestar psicológico del personal sanitario de urgencias durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Psychological wellbeing of the emergency healthcare staff during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: conocer el bienestar psicológico, la resiliencia y el optimismo de los profesionales sanitarios de los Servicios de Urgencias y Emergencias durante la tercera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19, así como identificar factores asociados al bienestar psicológico.Método: estudio descriptivo (enero-abril de 2021). La población de estudio fueron profesionales sanitarios que trabajaron en los Servicios de Urgencias y Emergencias durante la tercera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Murcia (España). Se diseñó un cuestionario que recopilaba datos sociodemográficos y profesionales, e incluía tres escalas validadas para valorar optimismo, bienestar emocional y resiliencia. El cuestionario se distribuyó por correo electrónico. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y analítico.Resultados: 197 trabajadores, 145 (73,6%) fueron mujeres. Edad media (DE) 36,7 (9,98) años. Los profesionales mostraron niveles de bienestar psicológico medio-alto (80%), la falta de autonomía fue el área más afectada, especialmente en las mujeres. En cuanto a la resiliencia y al optimismo aparecen valores medios moderados, siendo los sanitarios que presentaban más años de experiencia los que mostraron mejores niveles de resiliencia (p= 0,03). Las variables que mejor explicaron los niveles de bienestar psicológico fueron el optimismo y la resiliencia.Conclusiones: la mayoría de los sanitarios refirió niveles promedio altos de bienestar psicológico, y niveles medios de resiliencia y optimismo. El menor bienestar psicológico percibido apareció en mujeres, enfermeras y con menos años de experiencia. La dimensión más afectada fue la dependencia en la toma de decisiones. Una actitud optimista y resiliente contribuyó a explicar el bienestar percibido de los sanitarios.(AU)

Objective: to understand the psychological wellbeing, resilience and optimism of healthcare professionals from the Emergency Units during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify those factors associated with psychological wellbeing.Method: a descriptive study (January-April 2021). The study population were healthcare professionals working in the Emergency Units during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Murcia (Spain). A questionnaire was designed to collect sociodemographic and professional data; it included three validated scales to assess optimism, emotional wellbeing and resilience. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail. There was descriptive and analytical analysis.Results: the study included 197 workers; 145 (73.6%) were female. Their mean age (SD) was 36.7 (9-98) years. Professionals showed a medium-high level of psychological wellbeing (80%); lack of independence was the most affected area, particularly in women. Regarding resilience and optimism, there were moderate mean values, with those healthcare professionals with more years of experience presenting better levels of resilience (p= 0.03). The variables which better explained the levels of psychological wellbeing were optimism and resilience.Conclusions: the majority of healthcare professionals reported high average levels of psychological wellbeing, and medium levels of resilience and optimism. The lowest psychological wellbeing perceived appeared in women, nurses, and those with less years of experience. The most affected dimension was dependence in decision making. An optimistic and resilient attitude contributed to explain the wellbeing perceived among healthcare professionals.(AU)

Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Iranian population.

BACKGROUND: The resilience construct is considered a personal trait composed of multiple aspects. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is a standard tool composed of five factors and 25 items. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of this scale. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, after the scale translation, the factorial structural validity was assessed via the confirmatory factor analysis with 70 180 samples. Internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent validity were assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, maximum reliability, and Average Variance Extracted. The discriminant validity was assessed using Heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations matrix and also, measure invariance was evaluated. RESULTS: The original five-factor model had good model fit indices but due to low factor loading of item 2 and 20, the model was modified. The Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability for four factors were above 0.7 (except for factor 5). The convergent validity for all five factors were achieved. Between factors 1 with 2 and 4, 2 with 3 and 4 discriminant validity was not established (correlations > 0.9) and the results suggested that there might be a second-order latent construct behind these factors. Therefore, a second-order assessment was performed. The results of the second-order latent construct assessment showed a good goodness-of fit and strong measurement invariance for both men and women. CONCLUSION: The 23-item version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is a reliable and valid scale to measure resilience as a complex construct in the Iran context.

Study protocol for a controlled trial of a resilience program on psychological distress in correctional officers in Australia.

BACKGROUND: The mental health impacts of workers within correctional settings has been of increasing focus over the past number of years. This paper outlines the study protocol for a trial that tests the efficacy of a brief resilience program, relative to a no intervention control in reducing general psychological distress and absenteeism in a cohort of correctional personnel in NSW, Australia. METHODS: A, parallel, randomized controlled trial will be carried out in a small group format. Following informed consent, corrective personnel within prisons across NSW will volunteer to either attend a clinician delivered resilience program on stress management skills or not (N = 600). The primary outcome will be change in psychological distress including anxiety and depression at 2-months post intervention. Secondary outcomes include help-seeking behaviours and absenteeism. DISCUSSION: This prevention focused treatment trial will assess whether a brief clinician delivered resilience program will reduce absenteeism and mitigate psychological distress in a cohort of corrective personnel within NSW, Australia. This study will yield insights into the role of a brief psychological program in mitigating the psychological distress reported by personnel in correctional settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000029796). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval has been obtained from University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee. Results of the trial will be submitted for publication in peer reviewed journals and findings presented at scientific conferences and to key service providers and policy makers.

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Resilience, and Emotional Problems in Young Chinese Children.

Resilience plays an important role in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and children's health. Young children are often neglected in ACEs research and suffer from the negative consequences of ACEs. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between ACEs and emotional problems in young Chinese children and the moderating and mediating effect of resilience on this relationship. This study included young children at the beginning of their kindergarten year (n = 874, 42.80 ± 4.09 months) from Wuhu City, China, to examine the mediation and moderation effects of resilience on early-life ACEs and emotional problems. Our results show a positive direct effect of ACEs on emotional problems. Furthermore, a positive indirect effect of ACEs and emotional problems on resilience was found. A moderating effect of resilience was not observed in this study. Our findings (a) highlight the significance of paying more attention to early ACEs and revealing a better understanding of the effect of resilience on ACEs at an early age and (b) indicate that age-specific interventions should be provided to enhance young children's resilience when exposed to adversity.

The Effect of Social Support on Depression among Economically Disadvantaged College Students: The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience and the Moderating Role of Geography.

The study examined the influence of social support on depression, including the mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of geography. Questionnaires were completed by 424 economically disadvantaged college students in two provinces, X, a coastal province, and Y, an inland province. The results indicated that (1) the social support of economically disadvantaged college students was positively correlated to psychological resilience (ß = 0.62, t = 11.22, p < 0.001); (2) the psychological resilience of economically disadvantaged college students was negatively correlated with depression (ß = -0.24, t = -10.3, p < 0.001); (3) the social support of economically disadvantaged college students was negatively correlated with depression (ß = -0.08, t = -2.85, p < 0.001); (4) the psychological resilience of economically disadvantaged college students played a partial mediating role between social support and depression; and (5) geography played a moderating role in the effect of social support on depression.