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1.
J Interpers Violence ; : 8862605241235622, 2024 Mar 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38456467

RESUMEN

In the current research, our objective was to explore how men assess and assign blame to both a man and a woman who are victims of workplace mobbing, depending on whether they identify as feminist or egalitarian. It is well recognized that the label "feminist" carries distinct connotations when applied to individuals of different genders. However, it remains unclear whether these varied connotations are due to the label itself or its underlying meaning. Given that the feminist label has been traditionally stigmatized, we aimed to disentangle the influence of the label from its semantic content. To achieve this, we compared the evaluations and attributions of victim blame directed toward targets labeled as feminist with those labeled with a similar but more neutral term-that is, egalitarian-as well as with unlabeled targets. Considering that much of the previous research in this area has focused on samples predominantly composed of women, we aimed to investigate how men respond to these labels. Through three experiments involving male participants (N = 628), we presented fictitious scenarios depicting a man or a woman who were victims of workplace mobbing due to their identification as feminist or egalitarian. The key finding of our research is that the feminist label, rather than its semantic content, significantly influences the evaluations and assignment of blame expressed by men who strongly adhere to traditional male role norms. These findings underscore the importance of these labels (feminist and egalitarian) in social judgments, particularly when applied to victims of workplace mobbing.

2.
Turk J Gastroenterol ; 35(2): 112-118, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38454242

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our aim is to examine the representation of woman gastroenterologists in both work and social life in Turkey and to elucidate the difficulties they encounter during their career pathways or while actively practicing their profession. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A self-structured survey consisting of 25 questions was sent via email to all 152 female gastroenterologists. Survey results were received from 140 participants. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the woman gastroenterologists had marriage-career conflicts, and 74% of them stated that they could not manage work-life balance with their children. Among these woman gastroenterologists, 46.6% of them reported that they had faced carrier-related barriers and challenges while applying for an academic rise or expecting a promotion in their job, 58.5% were exposed to gender mobbing, and 35.6% were subjected to verbal or physical violence. On the other hand, woman gastroenterologists are found to be underrepresented in endoscopic interventions where only one-third of the participants perform invasive endoscopic procedures, and the percentage of those who perform advanced endoscopy such as endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection remains even less as 8.9%. The number of women in leadership positions during their careers is found to be low, and only 2 women were selected as the president of the society since 1959, the establishment time of the Turkish Society of Gastroenterology. CONCLUSION: More effort is needed to keep a fair gender balance in Turkish gastroenterology society and to increase the women's representation in therapeutic endoscopy options and also in leadership positions.


Asunto(s)
Gastroenterólogos , Médicos Mujeres , Femenino , Humanos , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal , Gastroenterología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Turquia
3.
BMC Nurs ; 23(1): 191, 2024 Mar 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38515072

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Moral distress is a multifactorial and complex phenomenon influenced by various individual, cultural, and systemic factors. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and intensity of nurses' moral distress, explore their experiences, and develop the conceptual model of risk factors of moral distress in surgical units and operating rooms. METHOD: This is a sequential mixed-method study conducted at four teaching hospitals affiliated with the Qom University of Medical Sciences. In the first step, the moral distress of nurses in surgical units and operating rooms was investigated by a survey. The participants included nurses who worked in the operating room and surgical units. (n = 180). The data was collected by a Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R) questionnaire. In the second step, the experiences of nurses regarding risk factors of moral distress were explored using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the conventional content analysis by Graneheim and Lundman's approach. RESULTS: One hundred eighty nurses participated in this study. The mean total moral distress scores ranged from 12 to 221, with a mean (SD) of 116.8 (42.73). The causes of moral distress cited with the highest frequency and intensity related to the 'role of healthcare providers'. The experiences of the participants in the theme 'Inductive process of moral distress development' were categorized into three categories: 'Melting into the faulty system', 'Power and the system as distress promotors', and 'Perceived unpleasant consequences'. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the frequency of moral distress in operating rooms and surgical units was at a moderate level and the distress intensity of nurses was at a moderately high level. The results indicated that in the investigated system, the "inductive moral process of distress development" was continuously understood by the participants. This process was influenced by systemic and individual factors. Weak assertiveness, conservative compromise, and desensitization to unprofessionalism as individual factors were effective in causing distress. Risk factors at the systemic level led nurses to melt into the faulty system and created adverse outcomes at the individual level. The lack of systemic support and the stabilization of mobbing by powerful system members had a negative impact on the individual factors of distress development. Also, these factors directly cause negative consequences.

4.
J Psychol ; : 1-30, 2024 Mar 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38483977

RESUMEN

Using qualitative and quantitative methodologies, in three consecutive studies with employed samples, we developed measures of workplace incivility, mobbing, and abusive supervision sensitive to the nuances of a non-Western context (i.e., Türkiye). In Study 1, we first conducted 15 focus groups (N = 149), identified culture-specific and universal themes underlying the focal mistreatment types, and developed the initial scales. We then pilot-tested (N = 427) and refined the scales using exploratory factor analytic procedures. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analyses (N range = 456-524) and associations between the new scales and their widely used counterparts (N = 353) yielded evidence for the construct validity of the scales. Study 2 also involved the development of short forms of relatively long incivility and abusive supervision scales. In Study 3 (N = 482), we first examined the extent to which the three scales were operationally distinct. Second, we examined the scales' ability to predict burnout and organizational commitment. Results supported operational distinctiveness as well as the criterion-related validity of the scales. A dominance analysis revealed that the three scales had equivalent contributions in explaining the two outcome variables, further justifying their distinctiveness. We argue that the use of present scales is not necessarily restricted to the Turkish context and may prove useful more broadly in other neo-traditional contexts.

5.
Bragança; s.n; 20240000. tab..
Tesis en Portugués | BDENF - Enfermería | ID: biblio-1527055

RESUMEN

A experiência de Assédio Moral no Trabalho (AMT) em Enfermagem, apresenta consequências importantes, que acentuam a pertinência de pesquisa na área. Com os objetivos de caracterizar os estudos que aqui assumem o estatuto de elementos de amostra; identificar categorias que expressem os contornos do AMT; analisar a fundamentação da literatura para as categorias de AMT encontradas. Como metodologia, foi desenvolvida uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura, a partir da amostra, selecionada em bases de dados Web of Science e PubMed, através do método PRISMA, e critérios PICO. A seleção emerge a partir da expressão de busca e termos MeSH, dos operadores booleanos (Moral harassment) OR (mobbing) OR (bullying) AND (nursing) AND (nursing professionals) AND (workplace) AND (stress). Resultam 116 estudos, e foram selecionados 11, por responderem à Questão de Investigação, emergentes de 4 países da Europa, 4 da Ásia, 1 da América do Sul e 1 da Austrália. Resultou na identificação de 18 categorias que expressam os contornos do AMT: as categorias fortes são "Burnout ­ exaustão emocional e despersonalização", fundamentada por 8 Componentes Discursivas (CD), de 6 estudos, seguida de "Insatisfação laboral, sentimentos de fracasso e frustração" por 5 CD de 5 estudos; e ainda "Stress Laboral, menor Capacidade de gestão de stress", "Relação entre exposição ao assédio moral vertical e satisfação no trabalho" por 4 CD de 4 estudos, respetivamente. Concluiu-se que as co-morbilidades consequentes ao AMT - burnout e sintomatologia psicossomática ­ são indicadores para maior investigação e formação de enfermeiros, assim como para a implementação de estratégias preventivas.


The experience of Moral Harassment at Work (AMT) in Nursing has important consequences, which accentuate the relevance of research in the area. In order to characterize the studies that here assume the status of sample elements; Identify categories that express the contours of the AMT; to analyze the rationale of the literature for the categories of AMT found. As a methodology, a Systematic Literature Review was developed, based on the sample, selected in Web of Science and PubMed databases, using the PRISMA method, and PICO criteria. The selection emerges from the search expression and terms MeSH, the Boolean operators (Moral harassment) OR (mobbing) OR (bullying) AND (nursing) AND (nursing professionals) AND (workplace) AND (stress). A total of 116 studies were conducted, and 11 were selected for answering the Research Question, emerging from 4 countries in Europe, 4 from Asia, 1 from South America and 1 from Australia. It was concluded that the comorbidities resulting from AMT - burnout and psychosomatic symptomatology - are indicators for further investigation and training of nurses, as well as for the implementation of preventive strategies.


Asunto(s)
Acoso no Sexual
6.
PLoS One ; 18(12): e0295138, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38055666

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Mobbing, particularly in medical residencies, can lead to psychological terror with lasting mental and physical health consequences. Its impact on Mexican residents, however, remains underexplored. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of psychological terror among medical residents at a medical center in Mexico City. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, medical residents from various specialties were assessed for mobbing domains, quality of life, and anxiety/depression using the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror (LIPT), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Psychological terror was defined as a LIPT score ≥ p80. Linear and binomial logistic regression models were used to explore independent predictors of mobbing and psychological terror. RESULTS: Of the 349 participants included (median age: 28; IQR: 27-30 years), 19.5% (95% CI: 15.5%-24.0%) were identified with psychological terror. Furthermore, 39% reported higher-degree trainees as mobbing perpetrators. Women in surgical residencies in their second or fifth year were found to experience higher levels of mobbing. Manifested bullying, workplace stigma, and inappropriate tasks were the most impacted mobbing domains. Anxiety, diminished mental health quality of life, and higher degree of medical specialization were independent predictors of mobbing. Meanwhile, increased anxiety, affiliation to surgical specialties, and being in the second or fifth year of training were identified as predictors of psychological terror. CONCLUSIONS: Mobbing and psychological terror are prevalent conditions among medical residents in Mexico. Identification of occupational conditions and adverse psychological stressors can help to improve quality of life and training of medical residents.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Internado y Residencia , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Salud Mental , Estudios Transversales , México/epidemiología , Calidad de Vida
7.
Front Psychol ; 14: 1288354, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38046125

RESUMEN

Research shows that in providing assistance to individuals who have experienced psychological traumas, it is beneficial not only to take into account the specific religious spiritual needs but also to employ religious resources. Although the role of religious counsellors using various psychological theories in helping to cope with traumatising experiences is acknowledged, there is still a lack of a conceptualising approach to the possibilities of employing religious resources used in Christian spiritual assistance, seeking to help cope with the effects of workplace mobbing. Therefore, this study aims to conceptualise the perspective of integrating Christian spiritual assistance resources in overcoming the individual consequences of workplace mobbing. This review is based on an interdisciplinary approach and abundant literature of psychology, psychotherapy and theology sciences. The article details the main physical, psychological and social aspects of damage to the person, caused by mobbing, which provide for a corresponding triple assistance perspective. After highlighting the essential resources provided by the Christian religion for coping with traumatic experiences, the necessity to consider the religious needs of the victims of mobbing is reasoned and the possibilities of using religious spiritual resources are discussed. In the context of helping victims of mobbing, two main functions of Christian spiritual assistance are distinguished and discussed: auxiliary and main. The results of this review are a useful resource for lay and religious counsellors and encourage their collaboration. The research findings also provide a basis for further research on the use of religious resources in the context of helping victims of mobbing.

8.
Ann Agric Environ Med ; 30(4): 721-728, 2023 Dec 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38153077

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Healthcare professionals most often encounter occupational stress. The aim of the study was to investigate the working environment of health care professionals with the focus on expression of occupational stress, and oversee the possibilities of stress management and prevention. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 326 representatives from five different healthcare institutions were surveyed in Siauliai city, Lithuania. The validated questionnaires HSE Management Standards Indicator Tool and the SF-36 questionnaire were used. RESULTS: The study revealed that the most important organizational factors were lack of communication, inappropriate relations with authorities and colleagues, big workload and long working hours, quick decision-making, and manifestations of mobbing. Financial support was reported as one of the main motivators in stress management. The most frequent individual factors were emotional relations with patients and their relatives. The healthcare professionals who experienced stress at work more often felt aches that disturbed their work routine, and their health interfered more their ordinary social activities. The main stress prevention measures are involvement of employees in decision-making, annual interviews with authorities, education, assurance of a safe work environment, and elimination of manifestations of mobbing. CONCLUSIONS: More attention must be paid to occupational stress management. It appeared that there is a lack of knowledge by institutions about the models of occupational stress management and internal stress management policy of organization. Therefore, this stimulates the search for measures that could help to change the situation.


Asunto(s)
Salud Laboral , Estrés Laboral , Humanos , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Personal de Salud/psicología , Conducta Social , Condiciones de Trabajo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
9.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep ; 17: e533, 2023 Nov 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37985924

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This work was carried out to determine the causes of violence against Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Personnel (PHEMSP) who performed their duties without any special security measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and who were subjected to violence because of their work. METHOD: The approach of this research is in accordance with case study design, which is concerned with the examination of unique cases. For this study, a volunteer announcement was made on social media for PHEMSPs from 3 different branches (Emergency Medical Technicians or EMTs, paramedics, and doctors) who had been actively working in ambulances during the transportation of COVID-19 patients throughout the pandemic, and who had declared that they were subjected to verbal abuse or physical violence. The data was collected through structured interviews from 60 voluntary participants. RESULTS: As a result of the analysis of the data, 3 main themes were revealed as the source of violence that PHEMSPs had been exposed to during the pandemic. They are the following: (1) violence caused by the nature of the disease, (2) violence caused by society, and (3) violence caused by working areas and systems. The reasons which created these themes, were accepted as codes. The codes that arose due to the theme of (1) violence caused by the nature of the disease were 'the fear of contagion,' 'the requirement for disinfection,' and 'triage problems,' which caused both verbal abuse and physical violence. In addition to these codes, the code of 'stigma' due to protective equipment was found only to elicit verbal abuse. The codes for the theme (2) 'violence caused by society,' were determined as societal perceptions regarding high wages, attempts to misuse health services, and distrust. All 3 of these codes were found to evoke both verbal abuse and physical violence. The codes for the theme (3) 'violence caused by working areas and systems,' included team mismatch in PHEMSPs, resignation ban, and long working hours, as well as mismatch between in-hospital HCWs and PHEMSPs, mobbing, feeling unsupported, and gender disadvantage. It has been revealed among these codes that only the team mismatch in PHEMSPs caused both verbal abuse and physical violence, while all the others only lead to verbal abuse. CONCLUSION: If a 0 tolerance for 'violence in the healthcare system' is to be targeted, it should start in the pre-hospital phase and with all PHEMSPs, since this is the 0 point where the healthcare system, and patients first meet. Additionally, this group should be considered a vulnerable group for workplace violence (WPV), especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Hospitales , Personal de Hospital , Atención a la Salud
10.
Proc Biol Sci ; 290(2011): 20231390, 2023 Nov 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38018101

RESUMEN

Collective action problems arise when cooperating individuals suffer costs of cooperation, while the benefits of cooperation are received by both cooperators and defectors. We address this problem using data from spotted hyenas fighting with lions. Lions are much larger and kill many hyenas, so these fights require cooperative mobbing by hyenas for them to succeed. We identify factors that predict when hyena groups engage in cooperative fights with lions, which individuals choose to participate and how the benefits of victory are distributed among cooperators and non-cooperators. We find that cooperative mobbing is better predicted by lower costs (no male lions, more hyenas) than higher benefits (need for food). Individual participation is facilitated by social factors, both over the long term (close kin, social bond strength) and the short term (greeting interactions prior to cooperation). Finally, we find some direct benefits of participation: after cooperation, participants were more likely to feed at contested carcasses than non-participants. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that, when animals face dangerous cooperative dilemmas, selection favours flexible strategies that are sensitive to dynamic factors emerging over multiple time scales.


Asunto(s)
Hyaenidae , Leones , Animales , Humanos
11.
Work ; 2023 Sep 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37807798

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Mobbing in the workplace is a critical problem affecting healthcare workers' psychological health and performance. However, there is a lack of data on the relationship between mobbing and depression and a lack of regulations to create a decent working environment. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the frequency of exposure to mobbing and the depression levels that may be related to mobbing among the employees of the Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic. METHODS: In this multi-center cross-sectional study, employees were evaluated with Leymann's Inventory of Psychological Terror scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: Of the participants, 86.2% stated that they were exposed to mobbing. The presence of mobbing was also associated with the presence of psychological and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: The frequency of mobbing was relatively high among Anesthesiology and Reanimation clinic employees. Mobbing exposure was found to be associated with a high level of depression. Institutional and legal precautions should be taken, and awareness of mobbing should be increased to eliminate mobbing and its consequences on healthcare workers.

12.
Clin Pediatr (Phila) ; : 99228231199831, 2023 Sep 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37698082

RESUMEN

The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence (WPV) against pediatric emergency healthcare workers and evaluate the relationship between WPV and psychological resilience. This study is cross-sectional and correlational. According to the results, the prevalence of WPV was 69.8%, and its distribution was as follows: verbal abuse (56.9%), bullying/mobbing (37.6%), physical abuse (12.8%), and sexual abuse (2.2%). Being single/separated/divorced/widowed (odds ratio [OR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-3.30), being a physician (OR: 4.74, 95% CI: 1.73-12.96), being a staff member (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.10-5.99), routine direct physical contact with patients/clients (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.40-5.48), and lack of encouragement to report WPV (OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.01-7.01) were independent predictors of WPV (P < .05), and WPV was found to be associated with low psychological resilience. Arrangements related to violence prevention, preparation, and intervention should be made and maintained in all pediatric emergency departments.

13.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 1425: 217-227, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37581796

RESUMEN

To investigate the phenomenon of moral harassment (mobbing) as well as the effect of demographic and occupational characteristics of healthcare professionals working in a public provincial general hospital and a private hospital in Athens a cross-sectional survey was designed. The study was conducted from November to December 2021 through the application of the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror (LIPT) a widely recognized research tool for the quantitative investigation of ethical harassment in the workplace. 264 fully completed questionnaires were collected out of the 300 that were distributed in both hospitals (response rates: 92% for the public hospital and 83.3% for the private). It was observed that private hospital's employees were morally harassed to a greater extent and for a longer time than the employees of a public hospital. The levels of moral harassment were quite high, indicating the necessity of thorough audit by the management in both hospitals.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Condiciones de Trabajo , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Grecia/epidemiología , Incidencia , Hospitales Privados , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
14.
Zoolog Sci ; 40(4): 273-277, 2023 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37522597

RESUMEN

While mobbing, individuals utter distinctive calls and perform visual threatening displays. Like any other antipredatory strategies, it involves some costs (time, energy, injuries, and even death). Therefore, mobbing would be expected to vary depending on the perceived magnitude of the predation risk. Moreover, harassment behavior can also serve as a demonstration of social status and to teach juveniles to recognize predators and related behaviors. Therefore, mobbing could also persist even when predation risk is particularly low. To test our hypotheses, we used tawny owl playbacks and a taxidermy mount to elicit the mobbing response in azure-winged magpies throughout the daylight period. To classify mobbing intensity, we created five categories depending on the proximity to the owl model at which the mobbing was performed. The results revealed that mobbing behavior in azure-winged magpies was more intense where predation risk was higher: in the most suitable habitat for the tawny owl, the forest, although considerable levels of mobbing were found in the dehesa and the ecotone, which indicate that mobbing has different purposes. However, we did not find statistically significant differences in mobbing intensity depending on the time of the day. We could not show a daily adjustment of antipredator response, but magpies modulated mobbing depending on the perceived risk linked to the habitat.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Passeriformes , Estrigiformes , Animales , Passeriformes/fisiología , Conducta Predatoria , Ecosistema
15.
PLoS One ; 18(7): e0288680, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37498868

RESUMEN

Workplace violence (WPV) is a globally prevailing public health concerns among healthcare workers. Workplace violence includes occupational abuse (physical, sexual, verbal and psychological), threats or harm among health workers, and workplace harassment. It is important to identify the prevalence of workplace violence at the workplace. Therefore, this study aimed to assess workplace violence and its associated factors among healthcare workers at a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 369 health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v20. Descriptive statistics were used to assess workplace violence and other independent variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the factors associated with workplace violence. The prevalence of verbal violence was highest among doctors (34.3%) and nurses (52.8%) followed by bullied/mobbed among doctors (11.9%) and nurses (17%) any time in the past. Experience of any type of workplace violence in the past among doctor was 45.5% and among nurses was 54% while 35.8% doctors and 46.8% nurses had experienced it in the past 12 months. Patients and relatives of patient were major perpetrator for physical and verbal violence while management and staff members were major perpetrators for bullying/mobbing. Participants marital status, work experience, posted department, nature of work shift, frequency of night shift and working hours per week showed statistically significant association with the experience of workplace violence within past 12 months (p<0.05) in binary logistic regression analysis. There is a crucial need to establish evidence-based actions to prevent violence in the workplace and promote a healthy workplace setting. Placing adequate staffs at emergency and medical departments and providing training to cope with the stressful emergency situations would help in minimizing workplace violence among health workers.


Asunto(s)
Violencia Laboral , Humanos , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Violencia Laboral/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Nepal/epidemiología , Personal de Salud , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Prevalencia
16.
R Soc Open Sci ; 10(5): 230489, 2023 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37234494

RESUMEN

Audio playbacks are a common experimental tool in vocal communication research. However, low directionality of sound makes it hard to control the audience exposed to the stimuli. Parametric speakers offer a solution for transmitting directional audible signals by using ultrasonic carrier waves. The targeted transmission of vocal signals offers exciting opportunities for testing the diffusion of information in animal groups and mechanisms for resolving informational ambiguities. We have field tested the quality and directionality of a commercial parametric speaker, Soundlazer SL-01. Additionally, we assessed its usability for performing playback experiments by comparing behavioural responses of free-ranging meerkats (Suricata suricatta) with calls transmitted from conventional and parametric speakers. Our results show that the tested parametric speaker is highly directional. However, the acoustic structure of meerkat calls was strongly affected and low frequencies were not reliably reproduced by the parametric speaker. The playback trials elicited weakened behavioural responses probably due to the partial distortion of the signal but also indicating the potential importance of social facilitation for initiating mobbing events in meerkats. We conclude that parametric speakers can be useful tools for directed transmission of animals calls but after a careful assessment of signal fidelity.

17.
Work ; 76(3): 1255-1261, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37182854

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: High levels of mobbing are reported in Greek nurses, but the intraindividual and perceived group emotional correlates are little investigated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between workplace mobbing (specifically in the nursing sector of a public rural hospital in Greece) and emotional correlates. METHODS: Questionnaires measuring emotional aspects such as Negative Act Questionnaire - Revised (NAQ-R) for measuring perceived exposure to bullying and victimization at work, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Overall Job Satisfaction Scale (OJS), Job Affect Scale (JAS: positive and negative subscales), Perceived Cohesion Scale (PCS), Ethical Climate Questionnaire (ECQ), and Short General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were administered. For the analysis of the data, descriptive and parametric tests were performed through the Pearson correlations and regression for the relationship between variables. RESULTS: High mobbing levels were reported (M = 45.93) compared to already established cutoff scores. Statistically significant positive correlations were found for NAQ-R and MBI (Exhaustion subscale) (r = .569, p < .001), NAQ-R and JAS-negative affect (r = .610, p < .001), NAQ-R and GHQ-12 (r = .280, p = .002), and NAQ-R andeducational level (r = .196, p = .033). Statistically significant negative correlations were found for NAQ-R and ECQ (r = -.323, p < .001), NAQ-R and JAS-positive affect (r = -.556, p < .001), and NAQ-R and PCS (r = -.586, p < .001). Only burnout,negative affect, and perceived group cohesion predicted mobbing measured by NAQ- R. CONCLUSION: As mobbing and its consequences are related to specific emotional variables, these perceived individual and group indices, could be targeted in future prevention initiatives.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Agotamiento Profesional , Humanos , Grecia , Correlación de Datos , Hospitales Rurales , Cohesión Social , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Acoso Escolar/psicología
18.
Clin Ter ; 174(3): 303-308, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37199368

RESUMEN

Abstract: Although there are many different definitions of workplace bullying in the scientific literature, it can be defined as a form of psychological and relational violence conducted systematically and continuously by one or more individuals, towards another individual, with the aim of causing him physical and mental harm and exclude him from the workplace. The elements common to all definitions are the work context, the duration for at least six months, the frequency of bullying actions, which must occur at least once a week, the evolution in phases and the power differential between aggressor and victim. The purpose of this article is not only to provide the most important definitions of workplace bullying and to identify the common elements, but also to report the most recent findings concerning gender and personality differences of both victim and aggressor, to report the most investigated professional sectors, to describe the causes and the consequences on both the worker and the organization and to present the legislative framework. Workplace bullying can be considered an emerging public health problem that requires preventive interventions. Secondary and tertiary prevention interventions are important, but the aim is to prevent the phenomenon when it has not yet developed. Primary prevention interventions promote a healthy work environment that reduces the development of work-related violence, including workplace bullying.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Estrés Laboral , Violencia Laboral , Masculino , Humanos , Violencia/prevención & control , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Acoso Escolar/prevención & control , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Estado de Salud
19.
Front Psychol ; 14: 1115310, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36998353

RESUMEN

Introduction: Abusive supervision or bossing represents a specific form of mobbing as a long-term, systematic negative action by superiors toward subordinates. Methods: From the point of view of the operationalization of this construct, the original BOSSm18 methodology is presented in the paper in the context of the B5 methodology, which enables specification of personality traits in terms of the original Big Five concept. Results: Based on the research dataset of 636 business managers, the paper presents the results of the basic psychometric parameters of the methodology and the content specification of the extracted factors. The research findings support a multidimensional understanding of the bossing construct. Discussion: The limiting factors of the interpretation and generalization of the results relate to the consideration of cultural contexts and situational conditions of perception of bossing manifestations.

20.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc ; 98(4): 1142-1159, 2023 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36960599

RESUMEN

In several animal species, an alarm call (e.g. ABC notes in the Japanese tit Parus minor) can be immediately followed by a recruitment call (e.g. D notes) to yield a complex call that triggers a third behaviour, namely mobbing. This has been taken to be an argument for animal syntax and compositionality (i.e. the property by which the meaning of a complex expression depends on the meaning of its parts and the way they are put together). Several additional discoveries were made across species. First, in some cases, animals respond with mobbing to the order alarm-recruitment but not to the order recruitment-alarm. Second, animals sometimes respond similarly to functionally analogous heterospecific calls they have never heard before, and/or to artificial hybrid sequences made of conspecific and heterospecific calls in the same order, thus adding an argument for the productivity of the relevant rules. We consider the details of these arguments for animal syntax and compositionality and argue that, with one important exception (Japanese tit ABC-D sequences), they currently remain ambiguous: there are reasonable alternatives on which each call is a separate utterance and is interpreted as such ('trivial compositionality'). More generally, we propose that future studies should argue for animal syntax and compositionality by explicitly pitting the target theory against two deflationary analyses: the 'only one expression' hypothesis posits that there is no combination in the first place, for example just a simplex ABCD call; while the 'separate utterances' hypothesis posits that there are separate expressions (e.g. ABC and D), but that they form separate utterances and are neither syntactically nor semantically combined.


Asunto(s)
Passeriformes , Vocalización Animal , Animales , Lingüística , Lenguaje
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