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Introdução: As famílias de crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika (SCZ) convivem com dificuldades para suprir suas necessidades de saúde, portanto acionam o poder judiciário para gozar do seu direito à saúde. Objetivo: Apreender as principais motivações das impetrações judiciais requeridas por mães de crianças com SCZ e seus desfechos. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório documental com abordagem qualitativa, realizado no sítio eletrônico JusBrasil e coleta procedida em março de 2020. Foram incluídas 15 impetrações judiciais publicadas entre janeiro de 2016 e junho de 2019. A análise lexical através do software IRaMuTeQ e a análise de conteúdo temática foram realizadas. Resultados: O acesso às tecnologias assistivas é a principal motivação para impetrações judiciais, com vistas a assegurar melhora no desenvolvimento da criança e consequente independência da criança. As decisões judiciais beneficiaram as crianças com SCZ, fundamentadas no direito à saúde, direito à vida e proteção, e o direito de ir e vir. Conclusão: Para mitigar os impactos da judicialização da saúde as autoridades sanitárias e judiciárias podem investir em melhor vigilância e monitoramento dos fatores de risco e morbidades; rigor nos protocolos sanitários que envolvem migração de pessoas em zonas fronteiriças; ofertas de condições ambientais e de moradia dignas; realização de cuidados preventivos com destaque para a eficiência da imunização; além da organização e funcionamento de uma rede de atenção à saúde eficaz com abordagem interdisciplinar.
Introducción: Las familias de personas menores con síndrome de zika congénito (SZC) viven con dificultades para satisfacer sus necesidades de salud, por lo que hacen un llamado al Poder Judicial para gozar de este derecho. Objetivo: Conocer las principales motivaciones de las demandas presentadas por madres de niños y niñas con SZC y sus desenlaces. Metodología: Estudio documental exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en el sitio web de JusBrasil y recogido en marzo de 2020. Se incluyeron 15 juicios publicados entre enero de 2016 y junio de 2019 en JusBrasil. Se realizó el análisis léxico a través del software IRaMuTeQ y el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: El acceso a las tecnologías asistenciales es la principal motivación de las demandas, con el fin de asegurar la mejora en el desarrollo de la persona menor y su consecuente independencia. Las decisiones judiciales beneficiaron a niñas y niños con SZC, basadas en los derechos a la salud, a la vida y protección y a ir y venir. Conclusiones: Para mitigar los impactos de la judicialización en salud, las autoridades sanitarias y judiciales pueden invertir en una mejor vigilancia y seguimiento de los factores de riesgo y morbilidades, rigor en los protocolos sanitarios que implican la migración de personas en zonas fronterizas, ofrecer condiciones ambientales y habitacionales dignas, realizar cuidados preventivos, con énfasis en la eficiencia de la inmunización, además de la organización y operación de una red de atención de salud efectiva con enfoque interdisciplinario.
Introduction: Families of children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CSZ) live with difficulties to meet their health needs; therefore, they resort to the law system in order claim their right to health. Objective: To apprehend the main motivations and outcomes of the lawsuits filed by mothers of children with CSZ. Methodology: Exploratory documentary study with a qualitative approach carried out on the JusBrasil website and collected in March 2020. The study included 15 lawsuits published between January 2016 and June 2019 in JusBrasil. A lexical analysis through the IRaMuTeQ software and a thematic content analysis were performed. Results: The access to assistive technologies is the main motivation for the lawsuits; these are issued with the objective to ensure improvement in the child's development and further independence of the child. Court decisions benefited children with CSZ based on the right to health, the right to life and protection, and the right to come and go. Conclusion: To mitigate the impacts of health judicialization, health and judicial authorities can invest in better surveillance and monitoring of the risk factors and morbidities, strictness in the health protocols that involve migration of people in border areas, offering of decent environmental and housing conditions, execution of preventive care with emphasis on the efficiency of immunization, as well as the organization and execution of an effective health care network with an interdisciplinary approach.
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Humanos , Infección por el Virus Zika , Derecho a la Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Brasil , Niños con Discapacidad , Decisiones Judiciales , Judicialización de la SaludRESUMEN
Com a participação de Nádia Sandra Orozco Vargas, membro do Departamento Científico de Aleitamento Materno da SPSP, este podcast aborda a importância da vacinação e do aleitamento materno. Destaca os inúmeros benefícios do leite materno para o bebê.
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Vacunación , Promoción de la Salud , Lactancia Materna , Bienestar del Lactante , Salud Materno-InfantilRESUMEN
Background: The cross-protective nature of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 virus was previously suggested, however its effect in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the underlying metabolic pathways has not been addressed. This study aims to investigate the difference in the metabolomic patterns of type 2 diabetic patients with BCG vaccination showing different severity levels of COVID-19 infection. Methods: Sixty-seven COVID-19 patients were categorized into diabetic and non-diabetic individuals who had been previously vaccinated or not with BCG vaccination. Targeted metabolomics were performed from serum samples from all patients using tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis included multivariate and univariate models. Results: Data suggested that while BCG vaccination may provide protection for individuals who do not have diabetes, it appears to be linked to more severe COVID-19 symptoms in T2D patients (p = 0.02). Comparing the metabolic signature of BCG vaccinated T2D individuals to non-vaccinated counterparts revealed that amino acid (sarcosine), cholesterol esters (CE 20:0, 20:1, 22:2), carboxylic acid (Aconitic acid) were enriched in BCG vaccinated T2D patients, whereas spermidine, glycosylceramides (Hex3Cer(d18:1_22:0), Hex2Cer(d18:1/22:0), HexCer(d18:1/26:1), Hex2Cer(d18:1/24:0), HexCer(d18:1/22:0) were higher in BCG vaccinated non- T2D patients. Furthermore, data indicated a decrease in sarcosine synthesis from glycine and choline and increase in spermidine synthesis in the BCG vaccinated cohort in T2D and non-T2D groups, respectively. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests increased severity of COVID-19 in BCG vaccinated T2D patients, which was marked by decreased sarcosine synthesis, perhaps via lower sarcosine-mediated removal of viral antigens.
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COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Vacuna BCG , Estudios Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , Proyectos Piloto , Sarcosina , Espermidina , Vacunación/métodosRESUMEN
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus primarily transmitted through sexual contact. Little is known about the association between HPV infection or immunization and the risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether HPV infection or immunization is related to the risk for RA in adults. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We developed three independent multivariate logistic regression models to evaluate the association between HPV infection or immunization and the risk for RA in adults. Results: Finally, we analyzed 15,677 and 8,944 subjects, respectively. In all models, HPV infection was positively associated with an increased prevalence of RA in adults aged 18-59 years, with the highest value of the odds ratio (OR) in model 2 (after weighting: OR 1.095, 95% CI 1.092, 1.097), whereas HPV immunization significantly reduced the prevalence of RA in adults aged 18-59 years, with the lowest OR in model C (after weighting: OR 0.477, 95% CI 0.472, 0.481). These associations persisted after correction for confounders such as age, sex, race, education level, marital status, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and BMI. Conclusion: In summary, our study suggests that HPV infection is positively associated with the prevalence of RA in adults, and HPV immunization can reduce the prevalence of RA in adults. However, our findings need more powerful to prove these associations through rigorously designed prospective studies.
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Artritis Reumatoide , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Adulto , Humanos , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/prevención & control , Encuestas Nutricionales , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Estudios Prospectivos , Artritis Reumatoide/epidemiología , VacunaciónRESUMEN
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with significant morbidity, progressive deterioration of lung function till death, and lack of effective treatment options. This study aims to explore the global research trends in IPF and immune response to predict the research hotspot in the future. Materials and methods. All related publications on IPF and immune response since the establishment of diagnostic criteria for IPF were retrieved using the Web of Science (WOS) database. VOSviewer, GraphPad Prism 6, CiteSpace version 5.6. R5 64-bit, and a bibliometrics online platform were used to extract and analyze the trends in relevant fields. Results: From March 1, 2000, to September 30, 2022, a total of 658 articles with 25,126 citations met the inclusion criteria. The United States ranked first in number of publications (n = 217), number of citations (n = 14,745), and H-index (62). China ranked second in publications (n = 124) and seventh and fifth for citation frequency and H-index, respectively. The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (impact factor = 30.528) published the most articles in the field. The author Kaminski N. from the United States was the most influential author with 26 publications and an H-index of 24. Among the 52 keywords that co-occurred at least 20 times, the main keywords were concentrated in "Inflammation related" and "Biomarker related" clusters. "biomarker" (AAY 2018.64, 25 times) was a newly emerged keyword. Conclusions: The United States has an unequivocal advantage in IPF and immunization, but China shows a faster developing trend. The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine should be prioritized for leading articles. This study indicates that exploration of ideal immune-related biomarkers to provide evidence for the clinical work of IPF might be a hotspot in the near future.
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Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática , Humanos , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Inflamación , Inmunización , Bibliometría , InmunidadRESUMEN
Objectives: Mass vaccination has been a key component in the effort to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Different countries have formulated their mass vaccination campaigns in different ways and with different priorities, with varying results. This study focuses on the case of Qatar in comparison with regional neighbors in the Gulf Cooperation Community (GCC) and with global benchmarks (G7 and OECD nations) in terms of the deployment of its mass vaccination program. Methods: Data on national vaccine administration and policy were obtained from Our World in Data and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker for the period of 25 November 2020, when public vaccination first began to be implemented within the GCC, and June 2021, when Qatar's mass vaccination campaign concluded. Factors compared cross-nationally included the total number of vaccine doses administered, doses administered per 100 population, the time taken to reach certain vaccination thresholds (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 doses per 100 population), and policy regarding administration to specific priority groups. Cumulative vaccination rates were also compared graphically by date. Results: A descriptive comparison of vaccination rates illustrated that there were similar aggregate patterns among the GCC, G7, and OECD groups of countries, and that there was a great deal of heterogeneity in the patterns of vaccination between countries within each of these groups. The mass vaccination program in Qatar outpaced the aggregate GCC, G7, and OECD groups. Conclusion: There were large between-country differences in the speed of mass vaccination progress which did not appear to be directly explained by national wealth. It is suggested that administrative and program management factors could account for some of these differences.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , Qatar/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Pandemias , Vacunación , Programas de InmunizaciónRESUMEN
COVID-19 inactivated vaccine-induced humoral responses in patients with lung cancer (LCs) to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) strain and variants BA.4/5 after the primary 2-dose and booster vaccination remained unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 260 LCs, 140 healthy controls (HC) and additional 40 LCs with serial samples by detecting total antibodies, IgG anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) toward WT and BA.4/5. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses were augmented by the booster dose of inactivated vaccines in LCs, whereas they were lower than that in HCs. Enhanced humoral responses waned over time after triple injection, notably in NAb against WT and BA.4/5. The NAb against BA.4/5 was much lower than WT. Age ≥ 65 was risk factor for immunization of NAb to WT. Undergoing treatment resulted in a lower antibody response than those without and radiotherapy was a also risk factor for seroconversion of NAb to WT. Lower lymphocyte counts contributed to a lower titer of IgG anti-RBD and NAb against BA.4/5 in LCs than HCs. Specifically, total B cells, CD4+T cells and CD8+T counts were correlated with the humoral response. These results should be taken into consideration for the elderly patients under treatment.
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COVID-19 , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Anciano , Humanos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/uso terapéutico , Formación de Anticuerpos , COVID-19/prevención & control , Estudios Transversales , Inmunización Secundaria , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Inmunoglobulina GRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent pharmacovigilance studies suggested that cluster headache could be a potential adverse effect after coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination; however, the possibility of coincidence could not be excluded. Detailed case studies might help elucidate their potential link and implicate potential pathogenic mechanisms. METHODS: Patients who developed cluster headache in close temporal relationship to COVID-19 vaccination were identified from two tertiary medical centers in Japan and Taiwan respectively through 2021-2022. Detailed characteristics of the headaches and time between the onset of the index cluster episode and antecedent COVID-19 vaccination were reported. In patients with previous cluster headaches, the duration from previous bout was also recorded. RESULTS: Six patients with new cluster headache bout 3-17 days after COVID-19 vaccination were identified. Two of them were de novo cases. The others either had been attack-free for a long time or developed new cluster bout in seasons atypical to prior bouts. The vaccines included mRNA, viral vector, or protein subunit vaccines. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccines, regardless of vaccine types, may elicit de novo or relapse of cluster headache. Future studies are needed to confirm the potential causality and explore the potential pathogenic mechanism.
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COVID-19 , Cefalalgia Histamínica , Humanos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/efectos adversos , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacunación/efectos adversos , Cefalea/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Longitudinal data are lacking to compare booster effects of Delta breakthrough infection versus third vaccine dose on neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against Omicron. METHODS: Participants were the staff of a national research and medical institution in Tokyo who attended serological surveys on June 2021 (baseline) and December 2021 (follow-up); in between, the Delta-dominant epidemic occurred. Of 844 participants who were infection-naïve and had received two doses of BNT162b2 at baseline, we identified 11 breakthrough infections during follow-up. One control matched to each case was selected from boosted and unboosted individuals. We compared live-virus NAb against Wild-type, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 across groups. RESULTS: Breakthrough infection cases showed marked increases in NAb titers against Wild-type (4.1-fold) and Delta (5.5-fold), and 64% had detectable NAb against Omicron BA.1 at follow-up, although the NAb against Omicron after breakthrough infection was 6.7- and 5.2-fold lower than Wild-type and Delta, respectively. The increase was apparent only in symptomatic cases and as high as in the third vaccine recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic Delta breakthrough infection increased NAb against Wild-type, Delta, and Omicron BA.1, similar to the third vaccine. Given the much lower NAb against Omicron BA.1, infection prevention measures must be continued irrespective of vaccine and infection history while the immune evasive variants are circulating.
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Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Epidemias , Humanos , Vacuna BNT162 , Infección Irruptiva , Vacunación , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Felid herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a major pathogenic agent of upper respiratory tract infections and eye damage in felines worldwide. Current FHV-1 vaccines offer limited protection of short duration, and therefore, do not reduce the development of clinical signs or the latency of FHV-1. METHODS: To address these shortcomings, we constructed FHV ∆gIgE-eGFP, FHV ∆TK mCherry, and FHV ∆gIgE/TK eGFP-mCherry deletion mutants (ΔgI/gE, ΔTK, and ΔgIgE/TK, respectively) using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISP-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system (CRISPR/Cas9), which showed safety and immunogenicity in vitro. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the deletion mutants administered with intranasal (IN) and IN + subcutaneous (SC) vaccination protocols. Cats in the vaccination group were vaccinated twice at a 4-week interval, and all cats were challenged with infection 3 weeks after the last vaccination. The cats were assessed for clinical signs, nasal shedding, and virus-neutralizing antibodies (VN), and with postmortem histological testing. RESULTS: Vaccination with the gI/gE-deleted and gI/gE/TK-deleted mutants was safe and resulted in significantly lower clinical disease scores, fewer pathological changes, and less nasal virus shedding after infection. All three mutants induced virus-neutralizing antibodies after immunization. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study demonstrates the advantages of FHV-1 deletion mutants in preventing FHV-1 infection in cats.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Varicellovirus , Gatos , Animales , Virulencia , Varicellovirus/genética , Vacunación , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/prevención & control , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/prevención & controlRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a well-known, but rare, side effect of some vaccines, or symptom following a febrile illness. CASE: A 69-year-old, otherwise healthy Hispanic male presented with acute fever, confusion, and later progressive weakness after receiving the first dose of the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine. Considering the progressive deterioration of the patient, despite being on multiple immunosuppressive agents, a brain biopsy was obtained, which revealed nonspecific meningoencephalitis. CONCLUSION: In this case, we highlight the need for a regulatory framework to assist clinicians and patients with coverage of treatment for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in conjunction with glucocorticoids seems to be an effective treatment option.
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COVID-19 , Encefalomielitis Aguda Diseminada , Encefalomielitis , Vacunas , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Encefalomielitis Aguda Diseminada/inducido químicamente , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunas/efectos adversos , Vacunación , Encefalomielitis/inducido químicamente , ARN/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, and cross-country and cross-period variation in COVID-19 age-adjusted case fatality rates (CFRs) has not been clarified. Here, we aimed to identify the country-specific effects of booster vaccination and other features that may affect heterogeneity in age-adjusted CFRs with a worldwide scope, and to predict the benefit of increasing booster vaccination rate on future CFR. Method: Cross-temporal and cross-country variations in CFR were identified in 32 countries using the latest available database, with multi-feature (vaccination coverage, demographic characteristics, disease burden, behavioral risks, environmental risks, health services and trust) using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). After that, country-specific risk features that affect age-adjusted CFRs were identified. The benefit of booster on age-adjusted CFR was simulated by increasing booster vaccination by 1-30% in each country. Results: Overall COVID-19 age-adjusted CFRs across 32 countries ranged from 110 deaths per 100,000 cases to 5,112 deaths per 100,000 cases from February 4, 2020 to Jan 31, 2022, which were divided into countries with age-adjusted CFRs higher than the crude CFRs and countries with age-adjusted CFRs lower than the crude CFRs (n = 9 and n = 23) when compared with the crude CFR. The effect of booster vaccination on age-adjusted CFRs becomes more important from Alpha to Omicron period (importance scores: 0.03-0.23). The Omicron period model showed that the key risk factors for countries with higher age-adjusted CFR than crude CFR are low GDP per capita and low booster vaccination rates, while the key risk factors for countries with higher age-adjusted CFR than crude CFR were high dietary risks and low physical activity. Increasing booster vaccination rates by 7% would reduce CFRs in all countries with age-adjusted CFRs higher than the crude CFRs. Conclusion: Booster vaccination still plays an important role in reducing age-adjusted CFRs, while there are multidimensional concurrent risk factors and precise joint intervention strategies and preparations based on country-specific risks are also essential.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Pandemias , Factores de Riesgo , Costo de Enfermedad , VacunaciónRESUMEN
Background: Immune response plays a crucial role in virus clearance during COVID-19 infection and underpins vaccine efficacy. Herein, we aimed to assess the immune response during COVID-19 infection and following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: In this retrospective study, 94 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit were categorized into unvaccinated patients (n = 50), including 33 deceased and 17 discharged patients, and vaccinated group (n = 44) with 26 deceased and 18 discharged patients. Records of patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the ICU between March, 2021 and March, 2022 were gathered and analyzed. Result: The assessment of immune cell counts revealed a large rise of neutrophils associated to decrease number of lymphocytes in patients with COVID-19 infection. In dead patients, we detected a significant correlation between neutrophils and inflammatory parameters such as IL-6 and CRP. Moreover, analysis of immune cell count following vaccination did not reveal any significant difference. However, the most substantial result, herein, detected is the decrease level of IL-6 in vaccinated patients as compared to unvaccinated. The reduce level of IL-6 following vaccination is observed in discharged patients as compared to deceased. Regarding the level of mortality after vaccination, we showed that all patients who received the first dose were died (46.1%, n = 12) as compared to those who have received two doses (34.6%, n = 9) and the third dose of vaccine (19.23%, n = 3) (p=0.0018). Strikingly, studying the inflammatory parameters after each vaccine dose, we revealed a significant decrease of IL-6 level after the booster dose (third dose), especially in vaccinated discharged patients. Conclusions: Neutrophils combined with IL-6 and CRP can be very useful markers to predict disease severity in patients admitted to ICU. The decrease level of IL-6 in vaccinated group pointed out the impact of vaccination to prevent inflammatory cytokine release.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Interleucina-6 , Estudios Retrospectivos , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacunación , Unidades de Cuidados IntensivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a chronic zoonotic disease, and Ningxia is one of the high prevalence regions in China. To mitigate the spread of brucellosis, the government of Ningxia has implemented a comprehensive prevention and control plan (2022-2024). It is meaningful to quantitatively evaluate the accessibility of this strategy. METHODS: Based on the transmission characteristics of brucellosis in Ningxia, we propose a dynamical model of sheep-human-environment, which coupling with the stage structure of sheep and indirect environmental transmission. We first calculate the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] and use the model to fit the data of human brucellosis. Then, three widely applied control strategies of brucellosis in Ningxia, that is, slaughtering of sicked sheep, health education to high risk practitioners, and immunization of adult sheep, are evaluated. RESULTS: The basic reproduction number is calculated as [Formula: see text], indicating that human brucellosis will persist. The model has a good alignment with the human brucellosis data. The quantitative accessibility evaluation results show that current brucellosis control strategy may not reach the goal on time. "Ningxia Brucellosis Prevention and Control Special Three-Year Action Implementation Plan (2022-2024)" will be achieved in 2024 when increasing slaughtering rate [Formula: see text] by 30[Formula: see text], increasing health education to reduce [Formula: see text] to 50[Formula: see text], and an increase of immunization rate of adult sheep [Formula: see text] by 40[Formula: see text]. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the comprehensive control measures are the most effective for brucellosis control, and it is necessary to further strengthen the multi-sectoral joint mechanism and adopt integrated measures to prevention and control brucellosis. These results can provide a reliable quantitative basis for further optimizing the prevention and control strategy of brucellosis in Ningxia.
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Brucelosis , Humanos , Animales , Ovinos , Brucelosis/epidemiología , Brucelosis/prevención & control , Modelos Teóricos , Vacunación/veterinaria , Número Básico de Reproducción , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Objective: To understand the vaccination status of enterovirus type 71 (EV71) inactivated vaccines in China from 2017 to 2021 and provide evidence for making policy on immunization strategy against hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods: Using the reported dose number of EV71 vaccination and birth cohort population data collected by the China immunizaiton program information system to estimate the cumulative coverage of EV71 vaccine by the end of 2021 among the birth cohorts since 2012 at national, provincial, and prefecture levels, and analyze the correlation between the vaccination coverage and the potential influencing factors. Results: As of 2021, the estimated cumulative vaccination coverage of the EV71 vaccine was 24.96% in birth cohorts since 2012. The cumulative vaccination coverage was between 3.09% and 56.59% in different provinces, between 0 and 88.17% in different prefectures. There was a statistically significant correlation between vaccination coverage in different regions and the region's previous HFMD prevalence and disposable income per capita. Conclusions: Since 2017, the EV71 vaccines have been widely used nationwide, but the coverage of EV71 vaccination varies greatly among regions. Vaccination coverage is higher in relatively developed regions, and the intensity of previous epidemic of HFMD may have a certain impact on the acceptance of the vaccine and the pattern of immunization service. The impact of EV71 vaccination on the epidemic of HFMD requires further studies.
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Enterovirus Humano A , Enterovirus , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie , Vacunas Virales , Humanos , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/prevención & control , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados , Vacunación , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
With the expansion of mpox virus infection from endemic to a global epidemic in 2022, the WHO declared that the mpox event constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Due to the high degree of gene sequence similarity among orthopox viruses and cross-reactive antibodies induced by orthoviruses, smallpox vaccination may affect the immune response induced by mpox virus infection. The analysis of the protective effects of smallpox vaccination against mpox virus infection will help define the focus of prevention and control. In this review, we clarify the protection of the smallpox vaccine against mpox virus infection by analyzing the correlation between smallpox vaccination, immune response status, and clinical data and providing evidence for the prevention, control, and strategies of mpox epidemics.
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Viruela del Mono , Vacuna contra Viruela , Viruela , Humanos , Viruela/prevención & control , Viruela/epidemiología , Viruela del Mono/tratamiento farmacológico , Vacuna contra Viruela/uso terapéutico , Vacunación , InmunidadRESUMEN
Background: Although chemotherapy is considered to be the golden standard, it does not come without a price. Toxicities and resistance are frequently limiting its effectiveness. Immunotherapy has emerged as a safer therapeutic alternative but still has a long way until it has proven to be of equal efficacy. A type of immunotherapy is dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. Aims and Objectives: We have developed a novel platform for the generation of autologous DCs that have been activated against peptides that are personalized for each patient individually. The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate this platform. Materials and Methods: Our platform and our algorithm for the determination of the immunogenic peptides has been tested. DC generation was verified both morphologically and by CD80/86 expression. Peptide antigenicity was determined using a number of T-cell epitope prediction algorithms. Response to therapy was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) criteria by the doctors involved. Immune status was also evaluated before and after DC vaccination and correlated with circulated tumor cell count. Results: It was found that DC vaccine increased immune activation while correlated with decreased circulating tumor cell counts. Clinical evaluation by the determination of immune markers may be a superior tool than using RECIST criteria. Conclusion: Dendritic cell therapies could prove to be a valuable tool in cancer treatment.
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Vacunas contra el Cáncer , Neoplasias , Humanos , Células Dendríticas , Inmunoterapia , Péptidos , Vacunación , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMEN
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is efficiently transmitted to newborn infants in the perinatal period and can lead to chronic infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death. Despite the availability of effective prevention measures necessary to eliminate perinatal HBV transmission, significant gaps remain in the implementation of these prevention measures. All clinicians who care for pregnant persons and their newborn infants need to know the key prevention measures including (1) identification of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant persons, (2) antiviral treatment of HBsAg-positive pregnant persons with high viral loads, (3) timely postexposure prophylaxis of infants born to HBsAg-positive persons, (4) and timely universal vaccination of newborn infants.
