Genitourinary syndrome in menopause: Impact of vaginal symptoms.

Objective: To describe the impact of genitourinary syndrome symptoms on daily activities and well-being in peri- and postmenopausal women living in an urban area. Materials and Methods: Observational, prospective, and cross-sectional research in a population of peri- and postmenopausal women living in the Lima region. A non-probabilistic sample was used. The instrument used is "The Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging" questionnaire. It consists of four domains and its internal reliability is between 0.82 and 0.93. The questions were answered using a Likert scale. High values indicate a more severe impact. Statistical procedures were performed using SPSS version 26. Results: One thousand seventy women participated; the mean age was 54±7.5 years. The results about the activities of daily living showed that 35% of women reported regular vaginal symptoms and 14.7% major symptoms. In the emotional well-being domain, 90% had minor symptoms. In the sexual function domain, 57.6% reported minor vaginal symptoms, and in the self-concept and body image domain, 60.9% reported minor symptoms and 20.7% major symptoms. According to the global score, 60.9% reported minor discomfort, 36.3% regular discomfort, and 2.8% major discomfort. The sexually active women declared an impact of severity in terms of their daily activities and sexual function (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between activities of daily living, sexual function, and women with sexual activity, causing a negative impact on social life and quality of life.

[Epidemiological features of invasive pneumococcal disease before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands)]. / Aspectos epidemiológicos de la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva antes y después del uso de la vacuna neumocócica conjugada en Gran Canaria.

INTRODUCTION: The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) has modified the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Our aim was to investigate the epidemiological features of IPD before and after implementing the use of PCV-7. METHODS: All invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in our hospital from 2000 to 2006 were included. Serotypes were identified and antibiograms were performed in all cases. Data obtained before (2000-2001) and after (2004-2006) authorization of PCV-7 use in Spain were compared. RESULTS: There were 241 cases of IPD. None of the patients with IPD aged 2 years or younger had received PCV-7. PCV-7 coverage in children aged 5 or younger was about 48%. There was a non-significant increase in the incidence of IPD in children (from 53.8 to 57.8 cases/100 000 population), with no change in adults. When IPD incidence was adjusted by the number of blood samples collected, there was a non-significant decrease in both children and adults. Since PCV-7 came on the market, there has been a decrease in vaccine serotypes and an increase in non-vaccine serotypes. The emergent serotypes since that time include 3, 6A, 15, and 19A. Penicillin resistance decreased significantly (p<0.001) from the pre-vaccine period (87.3%) to 2003 (13.8%), and later rose from 2003 through 2006 (41.7%). Erythromycin resistance showed no changes during the study. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of IPD in children aged 2 years and younger in Gran Canaria has not decreased despite the introduction of PCV-7. However, there has been a reduction in the number of cases related to vaccine serotypes and a significant decrease in penicillin resistance. In contrast, non-vaccine serotype IPD cases have increased. Universal vaccination and the use of new polyvalent vaccines may enhance these effects.

Aspectos epidemiológicos de la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva antes y después del uso de la vacuna neumocócica conjugada en Gran Canaria / Epidemiological features of invasive pneumococcal disease before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands)

Introducción: la comercialización de la vacuna neumocócica conjugada (PCV-7) ha modificado la epidemiología de la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (ENI). Nuestro objetivo fue conocer la epidemiología de la ENI antes y después de su uso. Métodos: se incluyeron todas las cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae causantes de ENI de 2000 a 2006. Se realizó serotipado y antibiograma. Se compararon los datos obtenidos antes (2000¿2001) y después (2004¿2006) de la comercialización de PCV-7. Resultados: hubo 241 casos de ENI. Ningún paciente menor de 2 años con ENI estaba vacunado. La cobertura vacunal en menores de 5 años fue del 48%. Hubo un incremento no significativo de ENI en niños (de 53,8 a 57,8 casos por 100.000 habitantes), manteniéndose invariable en adultos. Al corregir la incidencia según el número de hemocultivos, se observó un descenso no significativo, tanto en niños como en adultos. Tras la comercialización de PCV-7 hubo un descenso de los serotipos vacunales y un aumento de los no vacunales. Los serotipos emergentes tras la vacuna fueron: 3, 6A, 15 y 19A. La resistencia a penicilina descendió significativamente (p<0,001) desde el período prevacunal (87,3%) hasta 2003 (13,8%), y posteriormente aumentó (41,7% en 2006). La resistencia a eritromicina no varió durante el estudio. Conclusiones: la incidencia de ENI en menores de 2 años en Gran Canaria no ha disminuido a pesar de la vacuna PCV-7. Los casos debidos a serotipos vacunales han disminuido, así como la resistencia a penicilina. En cambio, han aumentado los casos debidos a serotipos no vacunales emergentes. La estrategia de vacunación universal y la adopción de nuevas vacunas polivalentes podrían potenciar estos efectos (AU)

Introduction: The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) has modified the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Our aim was to investigate the epidemiological features of IPD before and after implementing the use of PCV-7. Methods: All invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in our hospital from 2000 to 2006 were included. Serotypes were identified and antibiograms were performed in all cases. Data obtained before (2000¿2001) and after (2004¿2006) authorization of PCV-7 use in Spain were compared. Results: There were 241 cases of IPD. None of the patients with IPD aged 2 years or younger had received PCV-7. PCV-7 coverage in children aged 5 or younger was about 48%. There was a non-significant increase in the incidence of IPD in children (from 53.8 to 57.8 cases/100 000 population), with no change in adults. When IPD incidence was adjusted by the number of blood samples collected, there was a non-significant decrease in both children and adults. Since PCV-7 came on the market, there has been a decrease in vaccine serotypes and an increase in non-vaccine serotypes. The emergent serotypes since that time include 3, 6A, 15, and 19A. Penicillin resistance decreased significantly (p<0.001) from the pre-vaccine period (87.3%) to 2003 (13.8%), and later rose from 2003 through 2006 (41.7%). Erythromycin resistance showed no changes during the study. Conclusions: The incidence of IPD in children aged 2 years and younger in Gran Canaria has not decreased despite the introduction of PCV-7. However, there has been a reduction in the number of cases related to vaccine serotypes and a significant decrease in penicillin resistance. In contrast, non-vaccine serotype IPD cases have increased. Universal vaccination and the use of new polyvalent vaccines may enhance these effects (AU)