Nutrición en niños tratados con técnicas de depuración extrarrenal continua / Nutrition in children with continuous renal replacement therapy

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar el estado de nutrición, la alimentación y las complicaciones digestivas de los niños que precisan técnicas de depuración extrarrenal continua (TDEC). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo realizado sobre una base de datos prospectiva de los niños tratados con TDEC entre 2013 y 2017. Se analizaron las características de los pacientes, la técnica de depuración, el tipo de nutrición, el aporte calórico y proteico, las complicaciones digestivas y la evolución clínica. RESULTADOS: Sesenta y cinco niños (61,5% varones) fueron tratados con TDEC y 24 (37%) precisaron soporte con oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea. Un 27,7% tenían un peso inferior al percentil 3 y un 48,4% una talla inferior al percentil 3. Al inicio de la TDEC 31 niños (47,7%) recibían nutrición enteral y 52 (80%) al final de la misma. La nutrición enteral fue por sonda transpilórica en el 76% de los casos. La mediana de aporte calórico fue de 63 kcal/kg/día y la del aporte proteico de 1,6 g/kg/día. Cuarenta y ocho pacientes (73,8%) presentaron complicaciones digestivas: 29 (44,6%) distensión gástrica o restos gástricos excesivos, 22 (33,8%) estreñimiento, 8 (12,3%) vómitos y 4 (6,1%) diarrea. Un paciente con oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea presentó isquemia intestinal. En 3 pacientes (4,6%) se tuvo que suspender la nutrición enteral por complicaciones. No existió relación entre las complicaciones y el tipo de alimentación o la asistencia en oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea. CONCLUSIONES: Un elevado porcentaje de niños tratados con TDEC presentan malnutrición, pero la mayoría pueden ser alimentados con nutrición enteral. Aunque el porcentaje de complicaciones digestivas es elevado, en pocos pacientes se tiene que suspender la nutrición enteral

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyse the nutritional state, diet and gastrointestinal complications of children that require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a database, which included the information about patients who required CRRT between the years 2013 and 2017. Data were collected on the replacement technique, type of nutrition, calorie and protein intake, gastrointestinal complications, and clinical course. RESULTS: A total of 65 children (61.5% male) were treated with CRRT, and 24 patients (37%) also needed ECMO support. Just over one-quarter (27.7%) of patients had a weight less than P3, and 48.4% of them a height less than P3. At the beginning of the technique, 31 children (47.7%) received enteral nutrition, at the end, there were 52 patients receiving enteral nutrition (80%). The transpyloric tube was used to provide nutrition in 76% of the cases. The median caloric intake was 63kcal/kg/day, and the protein intake was 1.6g/kg/day. There were gastrointestinal difficulties during the process in 48 patients (73.8%), with 29 (44.6%) patients being diagnosed with gastric distension or excessive gastric remains, 22 (33.8%) with constipation, 8 (12.3%) with vomiting, and 4 (6.1%) diarrhoea. One patient treated with ECMO presented with intestinal ischaemia. Enteral nutrition was cancelled in 3 patients (4.6%) due to the complications. There was no relationship between complications and type of diet or ECMO assistance. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of children treated with CRRT showed undernutrition but they had adequate tolerance to the enteral nutrition. Although the gastrointestinal complications percentage was high in few subjects, these complications are the reason why enteral nutrition was stopped

[Nutrition in children with continuous renal replacement therapy]. / Nutrición en niños tratados con técnicas de depuración extrarrenal continua.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyse the nutritional state, diet and gastrointestinal complications of children that require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a database, which included the information about patients who required CRRT between the years 2013 and 2017. Data were collected on the replacement technique, type of nutrition, calorie and protein intake, gastrointestinal complications, and clinical course. RESULTS: A total of 65 children (61.5% male) were treated with CRRT, and 24 patients (37%) also needed ECMO support. Just over one-quarter (27.7%) of patients had a weight less than P3, and 48.4% of them a height less than P3. At the beginning of the technique, 31 children (47.7%) received enteral nutrition, at the end, there were 52 patients receiving enteral nutrition (80%). The transpyloric tube was used to provide nutrition in 76% of the cases. The median caloric intake was 63kcal/kg/day, and the protein intake was 1.6g/kg/day. There were gastrointestinal difficulties during the process in 48 patients (73.8%), with 29 (44.6%) patients being diagnosed with gastric distension or excessive gastric remains, 22 (33.8%) with constipation, 8 (12.3%) with vomiting, and 4 (6.1%) diarrhoea. One patient treated with ECMO presented with intestinal ischaemia. Enteral nutrition was cancelled in 3 patients (4.6%) due to the complications. There was no relationship between complications and type of diet or ECMO assistance. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of children treated with CRRT showed undernutrition but they had adequate tolerance to the enteral nutrition. Although the gastrointestinal complications percentage was high in few subjects, these complications are the reason why enteral nutrition was stopped.