RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to identify the clinical characteristics, outcome, and antimicrobial susceptibility of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) in hematological patients. METHODS: This retrospectively collected laboratory-based surveillance data include 3404 healthcare-associated BSIs in 2296 patients with a hematological malignancy in hospitals participating in the Finnish Hospital Infection Program from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2016. RESULTS: The most common underlying diseases were acute myelogenous leukemia (35%) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (22%). Gram-positive organisms accounted for 60%-46% and gram-negative organisms for 24%-36% of BSIs in 2006-2016. The most common causative organism was coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (n = 731). The 7- and 28-day case fatality rates were 5.2% and 11.4%, respectively, and was highest in BSIs caused by Candida species (10.8% and 30.8%). The median age of patients increased from 59 years in 2006-2008 to 62 years in 2015-2016 (P < .01). Five percent of S aureus isolates were resistant to methicillin and five percent of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were multidrug-resistant. Four percent of Klebsiella and seven percent of E coli isolates were resistant to ceftazidime. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of gram-positive bacteria decreased and gram-negative bacteria increased over time. The case fatality rate was low and the median age of patients increased during the study.
Asunto(s)
Candidiasis/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/epidemiología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/epidemiología , Linfoma no Hodgkin/epidemiología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Candidiasis/complicaciones , Candidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Candidiasis/microbiología , Niño , Preescolar , Infección Hospitalaria/complicaciones , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica , Femenino , Finlandia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/complicaciones , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/complicaciones , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicaciones , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/microbiología , Linfoma no Hodgkin/complicaciones , Linfoma no Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma no Hodgkin/microbiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicaciones , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/microbiología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
AIM: Serratia marcescens is a rare, but important, pathogen in hospital-acquired infections, especially in neonatal units. Outbreaks may cause significant mortality among neonates. This study describes how an outbreak of S. marcescens was handled in a neonatal intensive care unit in Finland in June 2015. METHODS: Tampere University Hospital is the only hospital that offers intensive care for preterm neonates in the Pirkanmaa health district area in Finland. Between June 9, 2015 and June 29, 2015, seven neonates were screened positive for S. marcescens in the hospital. We examined the management and outcomes, including environmental sampling. RESULTS: Two of the seven neonates developed a bloodstream infection, and one with S. marcescens sepsis died after six days of antibiotic treatment. The outbreak was rapidly managed with active hospital hygiene interventions, including strict hand hygiene, cleaning, patient screening, contact precautions and education. Environmental sampling was limited to one water tap and a ventilator, and the results were negative. The outbreak was contained within three weeks, and no further cases appeared. The screening of healthcare workers was not necessary. CONCLUSION: A S. marcescens outbreak caused significant morbidity in neonates and one death. Rapid hospital hygiene interventions and patient screening effectively contained the outbreak.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriemia/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Higiene de las Manos , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Control de Infecciones/organización & administración , Infecciones por Serratia/epidemiología , Bacteriemia/prevención & control , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Brotes de Enfermedades , Femenino , Finlandia , Estudios de Seguimiento , Mortalidad Hospitalaria/tendencias , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Masculino , Medición de Riesgo , Infecciones por Serratia/prevención & control , Serratia marcescens/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
This retrospectively collected laboratory-based surveillance data includes 575 healthcare-associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) in 350 patients with hematological malignancy in Tampere University Hospital, Finland, during 1999-2001 and 2005-2010. The most common underlying diseases were acute myelogenous leukemia (n=283, 49%), followed by myeloma (n=87, 15%) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (n=76, 13%). The overall rate was 9.1 BSIs per 1000 patient-days. Gram-positive BSIs predominated and the most common pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (23%), viridans streptococci (11%), enterococci (9%) and Escherichia coli (9%). Fungi caused 2% of BSIs. The 7-day and 28-day case fatalities were 5% and 10% and were highest in BSIs caused by P. aeruginosa (19% and 34%, respectively). The median age of patients with BSI has increased; it was 55.0 years during 1999-2001, compared to 59.0 years in 2005-2007 and 59.0 years in 2008-2010 (p<0.0001). Gram-positive bacteria predominated in this material. Case fatalities were low as compared to previous reports although the median age of patients increased.
Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria , Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicaciones , Sepsis/epidemiología , Sepsis/etiología , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Finlandia/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad , Vigilancia en Salud Pública , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sepsis/diagnóstico , Sepsis/terapia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections are major causes of morbidity in hospitalized patients. METHODS: Retrospective laboratory-based surveillance during 1999-2001 and 2005-2010 identified 2175 cases of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Tampere University Hospital (TAUH), Finland. RESULTS: Analysis revealed that 57% of BSIs were caused by a gram-positive organism, 27% by a gram-negative organism, 5% by a fungal organism, and 11% were polymicrobial. The most common cause of nosocomial BSI was coagulase-negative staphylococci (23%). Candida species caused 5% of the infections. The 7-day and 30-day case fatalities were 8% (161/2158) and 15% (313/2175), respectively, and were highest in BSIs caused by Candida albicans (22% and 44%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17% and 25%). The median age of patients was 54 years in 1999-2001, 57 years in 2005-2007, and 60 years in 2008-2010 (p < 0.001). The median time from hospital admission to the onset of BSI was 11 days (quartiles 5-18 days). This period was shortest for Streptococcus agalactiae BSI and longest for Candida non-albicans fungemia (1 vs 19 days). The case fatality rate in nosocomial BSI decreased during the years studied: 7-day and 30-day case fatalities were 9% and 16% during 1999-2001, 8.5% and 16% during 2005-2007, and 5% and 12% during 2008-2010, respectively (p < 0.003 and p = 0.022, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Gram-positive infections predominate in nosocomial BSIs. The median age of patients with nosocomial BSI has risen during the study years. The case fatality associated with nosocomial BSI has decreased.