Effect of Robotic Inferior Mesenteric Artery Ligation Level on Low Anterior Resection Syndrome in Rectum Cancer.

Background: Life expectancy of patients with rectal cancer is increasing day by day with innovative treatments. Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), which disrupts the comfort of life in these patients, has become a serious problem. We aimed to evaluate the effect of high ligation (HL) and low ligation (LL) techniques on LARS in rectal cancer surgery performed with the robotic method. Materials and Methods: The data of patients diagnosed with mid-distal rectal cancer between 2016 and 2021 who underwent robotic low anterior resection by the same team in the same center with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups as those who underwent HL and LL procedures. Preoperative, 8 weeks after neoadjuvant treatment, 3 and 12 months after ileostomy closure were evaluated. Results: A total of 84 patients (41 HL, 43 LL) were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between the demographic characteristics and pathology data of the patients. Although there was a decrease in LARS scores after neoadjuvant treatment, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups at 3 and 12 months after ileostomy closure (P: .001, P: .015). Conclusions: In patients who underwent robotic low anterior resection, there is a statistically significant difference in the LARS score in the first 1 year with the LL technique compared with that of the HL technique, and the LL technique has superiority in reducing the development of LARS between the two oncologically indistinguishable methods.

Evaluation of the patients with colorectal cancer undergoing emergent curative surgery.

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study is to evaluate perioperative and mid-term oncologic outcomes of the patients with colorectal cancer, who underwent emergent curative surgery. METHODS: The study included all patients with colorectal cancer, who underwent surgery for curative intent between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014 in General Surgery Department of Kartal Training and Research Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of admission (emergent or elective). The data of the patients were retrospectively collected with chart review. Demographic characteristics of the patients, ASA scores, emergent indications and surgical interventions, postoperative complications, pathological findings, oncological therapy, and follow-up findings were investigated. RESULTS: Fifty-one and 209 patients were evaluated in both groups, respectively. Rate of right sided and sigmoid/recto-sigmoid tumors were significantly higher in emergent group. Ostomy rate, early morbidity, ICU need, transfusion, and mortality rates in emergent group were significantly higher than elective group. Average length of hospital stay in emergent group was also significantly longer in elective group (11.2 ± 3.2 vs. 8.4 ± 2.4 days). The patients in emergent group had a much lower survival rate than those in elective group. CONCLUSION: In our study, emergency presentation of colorectal cancer was found associated with increased morbidity, a longer length of stay, increased in-hospital mortality, advanced pathologic stage and worsened long term survival in even same stages.

Effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on postoperative adhesion formation and oxidative stress in a rat cecal abrasion model.

INTRODUCTION: It is claimed that CO2 pneumoperitoneum (CP) is less adhesiogenic than laparotomy. Our aim in this study was to investigate the local oxidative stress responses and related adhesion formation resulting from exposure to CP. METHODS: Forty-five rats were randomised into six groups. Group 1 underwent laparotomy only; in group 2, 6 mmHg CP was performed for 60 min; in group 3, the same procedure was carried out using 12 mmHg CP; in group 4, laparotomy and cecal-peritoneal abrasion were performed; in group 5, 6 mmHg CP was performed for 60 min, followed by laparotomy and cecal-peritoneal abrasion; in group 6, the same procedure was carried out using 12 mmHg CP. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were sacrificed immediately and used only for biochemical examination. The other groups were sacrificed on the 14th postoperative day. RESULTS: The total adhesion scores, thickness, quantity, extent and type of adhesions decreased steadily in groups 4, 5 and 6 (p < 0.05). The median values for neutrophil and monocyte infiltration, and for capillary and fibroblast proliferation decreased steadily in groups 4, 5 and 6 (p < 0.05). CAT, SOD and GSHPx levels decreased significantly in line with increasing pressure in groups 1, 2 and 3. SOD and GSHPx levels were similar in groups 4, 5 and 6, while CAT levels decreased with increasing pressure in groups 4, 5 and 6. CONCLUSION: It was found that CP is associated with less adhesion formation than laparotomy in the presence of similar antioxidant levels. The reduced adhesion formation is probably caused by a decreased inflammatory response.

The rationality of resectional surgery and palliative interventions in the management of patients with gallbladder cancer.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a retrospective manner, the survival period and survival rate according to stages and groups after R0, R1, R2 resections and palliative interventions. Between 2003 and 2012, 67 patients diagnosed with gallbladder carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Patient demographics, the survival period, and survival rate according to stages and groups after R0, R1, R2 resections and palliative interventions were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-seven patients were diagnosed with gallbladder carcinoma. Thirty-eight patients (56.7%) were female and 29 patients (43.3%) were male. The median survival period was significantly longer in stage II and III diseases than in stage IV disease (P < 0.001). The R0, R1, and R2 resection rates in patients who underwent surgery with curative intent were 67.7, 19.4, and 12.9 per cent, respectively. The R0 resection rate according to the tumor stages was 100 per cent for stage I, 87.5 per cent for stage II, 66.7 per cent for stage III, and 42.8 per cent for stage IV disease. The median follow-up period was six months (eight days to 36 months). During this follow-up period, 53 patients (79.1%) died. In conclusion, R0 resection rate decreases when tumor stage increases. The highest survival rates after R0 resection are achieved in patients with stage I, II, and III diseases. Radical surgery has no benefit over palliative surgery for stage IV disease in terms of survival.

Solitary plasmacytoma of the cecum and the ascending colon: surgical resection as a treatment modality.

Colonic solitary plasmacytoma is a rare disease, with few reports occurring in the literature. Solitary plasmacytoma is defined as a plasma cell tumour with no evidence of bone marrow infiltration. Plasmacytoma can present as a solitary tumour in bone or in other parts of the body. The gastrointestinal tract is rarely the site of the disease. We report on the case of a 51-year-old man presenting with a colonic symptomatic mass with unclear biopsy results. A resected specimen showed a solitary plasmacytoma. Surgical resection was an adequate treatment modality in this case. Endoscopic resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are also preferred treatments in selected gastrointestinal plasmacytoma cases.

Increased collagen maturity with sildenafil citrate: experimental high risk colonic anastomosis model.

BACKGROUND: Inadequate healing and high anastomosis leak rates at rectal anastomosis may be due to lack of supportive serosal layer and technical difficulty of low anterior resections. Positive effects of sildenafil on wound healing were observed. The aim of this study was to simulate rectal anastomosis as a technical insufficient anastomosis and investigate the effects of sildenafil on anastomosis healing. METHODS: Colonic anastomoses were carried out in 64 rats and randomized into four groups, CA-S, complete anastomoses without sildenafil (10 mg/kg for 5 days); CA+S, complete anastomoses with sildenafil; IA-S, incomplete anastomoses without sildenafil; IA+S, incomplete anastomoses with sildenafil. Half of the rats in every group were sacrificed on post-operative day (POD) 3, half of them sacrificed on POD 7. Tissues from the anastomoses were used for functional, histochemical, biochemical investigations. RESULTS: Sildenafil treatment resulted in increased bursting pressures in IA+S on POD 7 (p=0.010). Collagen maturity was higher in IA+S on POD 3 and POD 7, CA+S on POD 7 (p=0.010; p=0.010; p<0.007). Collagen content was higher in IA+S on POD 7 (p<0.001). Glutathione, hydroxyproline levels were similar. Malondialdehyde levels were lower in IA+S on POD 3 (p<0.001). Epithelization score was higher in IA+S on POD 7 (p=0.007). Inflammation score was higher in CA-S group on POD 3 and POD 7 (p<0.001; p<0.001). Neutrophil score was lower in CA+S on POD 3 (p=0.005). CONCLUSION: An increase in collagen content, maturity, and epithelization, a decrease in neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress and better mechanical strength were observed with the administration of sildenafil.

Coagulation dynamics and platelet functions in obstructive jaundiced patients.

BACKGROUND: All of the body systems are affected by increased levels of bilirubin. The aim of this study is to investigate the function of platelets and clotting dynamics in patients with obstructive jaundice. METHODS: Liver function tests, serum CRP, PT, PTT and hemogram were measured in 23 patients with obstructive jaundice. Thromboelastography (TEG) was done for the evaluation of coagulation dynamics, while platelet function assay (PFA 100) was used to evaluate platelet functions. Blood samples were obtained at two occasions, before the drainage and 3 weeks after the relief of the obstruction. RESULTS: Hypercoagulation was detected in 80% of patients. Maximum strength, elasticity, coagulation indices of the clot were correlated with increased concentrations of direct bilirubin. Although maximum strength of coagulum usually represents increased activity of platelet function, membrane closure times with PFA 100 were found to be prolonged in 30% of patients, reduced values were determined in 17% of patients. No demonstrable effect on coagulation parameters and platelet function were detected after drainage procedures regardless of modality. CONCLUSIONS: Even though there is a general assumption about the increased bleeding tendency in obstructive jaundiced patients, we could not demonstrate reduced clotting activity by measuring with either PFA or TEG. On the contrary we observed tendency for hypercoagulation independent of increased prothrombin times. The most probable cause of this effect is the increased activity of fibrin polymers on platelet membrane.

Patients in Northwestern Turkey Prefer Herbs as Complementary Medicine after Breast Cancer Diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in order to define the prevalence, pattern, and predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in breast cancer patients in northwestern Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients admitted to the breast center between January 2005 and January 2006 were consecutively included in the study. Demographics and clinical data of study patients were noted. A 15-item questionnaire was used to document the attitude of breast cancer patients towards CAM modalities. Primary outcomes were prevalence, pattern, and predictors of CAM. Secondary outcomes were the reasons for CAM use, the number and type of adverse events related to CAM use, and the satisfaction level of CAM users. RESULTS: Nearly one third of breast cancer patients use at least one type of CAM in addition to conventional therapy. Most chose herbal medicines which they think support their general health status. Nettle (Urtica diocia/U. urens) was the most common herbal medicine that patients consume. Previous experience with CAM was the most significant factor for CAM use after breast cancer diagnosis. Being young and married as well as receiving radiotherapy were among other independent factors for using any CAM modality.

Enterostomy site hernias: a clinical and computerized tomographic evaluation.

PURPOSE: Parastomal hernia continues to be an important clinical problem with a reported incidence of up to 50 percent. In studies using computerized tomography in selected cases for detection of parastomal hernia, physical examination alone was underestimating the true incidence. Also after closure of the enterostomy, the ostomy site could still be a potential area of herniation. In this study in addition to physical examination, we used computerized tomography to determine the true incidence of parastomal hernia and ostomy closure site hernias. METHODS: We examined patients with enterostomies and with closed enterostomy sites both with physical examination and computerized tomography for the detection of hernias, hernia content, and relation to rectus muscles. Risk factors for hernia formation, such as age, gender, body mass index, associated medical problems, and surgical site infections, were determined. RESULTS: Evaluation of 23 patients with ostomies resulted in 52 percent incidence of parastomal hernia, whereas the addition of tomography examination gave a corrected incidence of 78 percent. In a second subset of 23 patients with closed ostomies, although 26 percent of the patients were found to have ostomy site hernias with physical examination alone, this incidence increased to 48 percent when combined with computerized tomography. The potential risk factors for hernia formation, such as body mass index, surgical site infection, and ostomy site whether pararectus or transrectus, were not proven to have a significant role in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Parastomal hernia and closed ostomy site incisional hernias have a high incidence, and computerized tomography has been shown to be a valuable diagnostic tool.

Factors related to post-treatment chronic pain in breast cancer survivors: the interference of pain with life functions.

The frequency and the intensity of chronic pain, as well as the related factors, were assessed in a cohort of breast cancer patients. The life functions were also questioned in patients who have post-treatment chronic pain. The scope of this retrospective study was a cohort of surgically-treated breast cancer patients with unilateral early stage disease who were under regular follow-up. Patients were eligible if they completed their treatments at least 6 months before and were free of disease. Patients who had a previous history of chronic pain syndrome, chronic debilitating disease, psychiatric diagnosis, and other cancers were excluded. All data regarding their demographics and treatments were recorded. Chronic pain was defined as the pain at treatment-related regions for a duration of at least three months after completion of treatment. Turkish version of "Brief Pain Inventory (Short Form)" was given to the patients with chronic pain in order to assess their pain intensity and life functions. The factors related to chronic pain were compared between patients with and without chronic pain. Eighty-five eligible female patients were included in the study. Thirty-nine (46%) patients declared that they had chronic pain. The mean VAS scale score was 4.1 +/- 2.4 cm in these patients. The mean age of patients with chronic pain (54.3 +/- 12.6 years) was significantly less than that of the ones without pain (60.4 +/- 13.6 years; p = 0.035). Radiotherapy was found to be significantly related to chronic pain (p=0.049; OR: 2.60; 95% CI 1.07-6.30). The VAS scores were 1.5 +/- 2.7 cm, 1.9 +/- 3.2 cm, 1.3 +/- 2.7 cm, 0.9 +/- 2.5 cm for general activity, mood, relations with other people, and sleep, respectively. Although almost half of the early stage breast cancer patients experienced post-treatment chronic pain, they rated the intensity of their pain as mild to moderate. Younger age and receiving radiotherapy were found to be significant contributing factors. The interference of post-treatment chronic pain with life functions was small. Overall, mood was found to be the most affected life function among all.

Safe Veress needle insertion.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: For laparoscopic surgery, the creation of pneumoperitoneum still remains a must. The insertion of a Veress needle or a trocar is never perfectly safe, and almost every kind of intraabdominal organ injury due to these insertions has been reported worldwide. Here, we describe a safe technique for creating pneumoperitoneum. METHODS: For the creation of pneumoperitoneum, under direct vision, the linea alba was elevated with two towel clips and then the Veress needle was inserted. We reviewed 368 patients operated on with this technique for complication rates. Ultrasound images were obtained before and during abdominal-wall lifting in 10 patients. RESULTS: There were no injuries due to the insertion of the Veress needle or trocars. In 90% of the patients, pneumoperitoneum was created successfully on the first attempt. Ultrasound examination demonstrated a mean extra safe area of 11.8 mm during abdominal-wall lifting with this technique. CONCLUSIONS: Elevating the linea alba during Veress-needle insertion is safe.