Labiaplasty Outcomes and Complications in Turkish Women: A Multicentric Study.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to evaluate the outcomes, complication rates, and complication types of different labiaplasty techniques. METHODS: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, a total of 2,594 patients who underwent surgery owing to hypertrophy or asymmetry of the labium minus were retrospectively analyzed. Data were collected by individual interviews with 43 experts from different centers. The patients were between 18 and 50 years of age. During the interview information about the presence and nature of complications, and about concomitant or revision surgeries, were gathered. The surgeons who performed these surgeries were also questioned about their training and surgical experience. RESULTS: The most frequently observed complication was complete dehiscence, accounting for 29% of all complications. Complete dehiscence was most commonly seen after wedge resection (16 cases). The second most common complication was labium majus hematoma, accounting for 12.5% of all cases. Among the labiaplasty techniques, wedge resection had the highest complication rate at 3% (26 cases out of 753 patients). This was followed by composite labiaplasty at 1.2% (5 cases out of 395 patients), Z-plasty at 0.8% (1 case out of 123 patients), and trimming labiaplasty at 0.5% (7 cases out of 1,323 patients). CONCLUSION: Considering the heterogeneity and low quality of the existing studies on this subject, this study provides valuable information for surgeons practicing in this field. However, further research is clearly warranted as female genital aesthetic procedures are being performed with a steadily increasing trend.

Synthesis, docking studies, in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and DNA damage mechanism of new tyrosine-based tripeptides.

Peptides are one of the leading groups of compounds that have been the subject of a great deal of biological research and still continue to attract researchers' attention. In this study, a series of tripeptides based on tyrosine amino acids were synthesized by the triazine method. The cytotoxicity properties of all compounds against human cancer cell lines (MCF-7), ovarian (A2780), prostate (PC-3), and colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2) were determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay method, and % cell viability and logIC50 values of the compounds were calculated. Significant decreases in cell viability were observed in all cells (p < 0.05). The comet assay method was used to understand that the compounds that showed a significant decrease in cell viability had this effect through DNA damage. Most of the compounds exhibited cytotoxicity by DNA damage mechanism. Besides, their interactions between investigated molecule groups with PDB ID: 3VHE, 3C0R, 2ZCL, and 2HQ6 target proteins corresponding to cancer cell lines, respectively, were investigated by docking studies. Finally, molecules with high biological activity against biological receptors were determined by ADME analysis.

Centile charts of cervical length in singleton and twin pregnancies between 16 and 24 weeks of gestation

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the standard mid-trimester cervical lengths of singleton and twin pregnancies. Material and Methods: This study was conducted by retrospective analysis of mid-trimester transvaginal cervical measurements of women with singleton and twin pregnancies that were examined by a single perinatologist in a single center. Results: A total of 4621 consecutive asymptomatic pregnant women admitting for advanced obstetric ultrasound screening were evaluated. Of these 4340 (93.9%) were second trimester singleton pregnancies and 281 (6.1%) were twin pregnancies and were included. Mean cervical length measurements of singleton and twin pregnancies were 38.2±6.5 mm and 37.6±7.2 mm respectively (p=0.17). Overall, the 5th percentile of cervical length measurement after analysing singleton and twin pregnancies together was 29.4 mm at 16 weeks, 30 mm at 17 weeks, 30 mm at 18 weeks, 30 mm at 19 weeks, 30 mm at 20 weeks, 30 mm at 21 weeks, 30 mm at 22 weeks, 31 mm at 23 weeks, 29 mm at 24 weeks. Conclusion: In our population the 5th precentile value of cervical length which is 30 mm in singletons and 10th percentile cervical length which is 31 mm in twins can be used to follow-up and treat pregnant women at risk for preterm delivers.

The first peptide derivatives of dioxybiphenyl-bridged spiro cyclotriphosphazenes: In vitro cytotoxicity activities and DNA damage studies.

In this study, we aimed to synthesize new peptide-substituted cyclotriphosphazenes from a series of tyrosine-based peptides and dioxyphenyl-substituted spirocyclotriphosphazenes, and to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity activities. Genotoxicity studies were conducted to understand whether the cytotoxic compounds cause cell death through DNA damage. The structures of the novel series of phosphazenes were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, MS, 1D (31P, 1H, and 13C-APT NMR), and 2D (HETCOR) NMR spectroscopic techniques. In vitro cytotoxic activities were carried out against human breast (MCF-7), ovarian (A2780), prostate (PC-3), colon (Caco-2) cancer cell lines and human normal epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) at different concentrations by using an MTT assay. The compounds showed considerable reductions in cell viability against all human cancer cell lines. Especially, the compounds exhibited notable effects in A2780 cell lines (p < 0.05). The IC50 values of the compounds in the A2780 cell line were calculated to be 1.914 µM for TG, 20.21 µM for TV, 20.45 µM for TA, 4.643 µM for TP, 5.615 µM for BTG, 1.047 µM for BTV, 27.02 µM for BTA, 0.7734 µM for BTP, 21.5 µM for DTG, 1.65 µM for DTV, 2.89 µM for DTA and 4.599 µM for DTP. DNA damage studies of the compounds were conducted by the comet assay method using tail length, tail density, olive tail moment, head length, and head density parameters, and the results showed that the cell death occurred through DNA damage mechanism. In a nutshell, these compounds show promising cytotoxic effects and can be considered powerful candidate molecules for pharmaceutical applications.

Comparison of the localization of intrauterine adhesions in pregnant and infertile women.

Objective: Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is the formation of band-shaped fibrotic tissues in the endometrial cavity due to uterine procedures. Most adhesions remain asymptomatic and do not affect fertility or pregnancy conditions. However, they may lead to infertility and pregnancy complications in some women. This study aimed to determine which localization and type of IUA may lead to infertility. Materials and Methods: Seventy-six women with IUA were retrospectively scanned. Thirty-nine women with IUA with uterine factor-related infertility were included in the infertility group. Thirty-seven pregnant women, who had adhesions in the second-trimester ultrasonography and who had a live birth via cesarean section at term, were included in the pregnancy group. The localization of adhesions was determined as the fundus, corpus, isthmus, and cornu. Concerning the type of adhesion, the adhesions were classified as dense- and film-type adhesions. Results: The infertility group was compared with the pregnancy group according to the type and localization of the adhesions. Fundal adhesions were significantly higher in the infertility group compared to the pregnancy group (p<0.05). The isthmic adhesions, however, were more common in the pregnancy group than in the infertility group (p<0.05). Dense-type adhesions were more common in the infertility group than in the pregnancy group (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the localization and types of adhesions, fundal and dense-type adhesions are among the features of uterine factor-related infertility. However, isthmus-located and film-type adhesions may not cause infertility.

Hexa-substituted cyclotriphosphazene derivatives containing hetero-ring chalcones: Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxic activity and their DNA damage determination.

In this study, hetero ring hexasubstituted cyclotriphosphazes were obtained in two steps and these compounds were investigated in terms of in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The structural characterizations of the starting compounds 1-4 were defined by FT-IR, elemental analysis, and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy techniques. In addition to these techniques, the 31P NMR spectroscopy technique was also used in the characterization of cyclotriphosphazenes (FSC 1-4). The changes in cell viability at 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 µM concentrations against human ovarian (A2780) and human prostate (PC-3 and LNCaP) cell lines for 24 h were determined by the MTT assay method. According to MTT assay results, the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50/LogIC50) value was calculated in Graphpad Prism 6 program. The comet assay was performed to determine whether the effects of compounds on cell viability were through DNA damage. In the comet assay experiments, the highest concentration of compounds (100 µM) was applied to the cells for 24 h and tail length (TL), tail intensity (TI), olive tail moment (OTM) parameters were examined. The results showed that the compound 1-4 and FSC 1-4 compounds reduced the cell viability against all cancer cell lines (p < 0.05). At the same time, different concentrations of these compounds caused DNA damage in all three cell types (p < 0.05). The possible interactions and chemical mechanisms of the synthesized compounds were explained by computational methods with molecular docking. In addition, pharmacological properties of drug candidate molecules have been defined. Experimental and calculated data comply with each other. The study results showed that these compounds have cytotoxic effects against cancer cells and suggested that these effects have occurred through genotoxicity.

(E)-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(substituted-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-ones: Synthesis, In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity and Molecular Docking Studies.

A series of chalcone compounds (2-11) were designed and synthesized to determine their cytotoxic effects. The structures of 2-11 were fully characterized by their physical and spectral data. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of 2-11 were evaluated against human ovarian cancer (A2780), breast cancer (MCF-7) and prostate cancer (PC-3 and LNCaP) cell lines. The activity potentials of compounds were further evaluated through molecular docking studies with AutoDock4 and Vina softwares. All the compounds (except compound 5) showed significant cytotoxic effects at high doses in all cancer cell lines. Among all the compounds studied, one compound i.e. compound 2 demonstrated dose-dependent activity, particularly against A2780/LNCaP cancer cell lines. The most effective compounds 8, 9, 10 and 11 reduced the cell viability of A2780, MCF-7, PC-3 and LNCaP cells by 50-98%, while other compounds 2, 4 and 7 reduced the cell viability of A2780 cells by 70-90% at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM.

Synthesis of New Cinnamoyl-Amino Acid Conjugates and in Vitro Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Studies.

Amino acid conjugates are described by the reaction of amino acids with bioactive organic groups such as vitamins, hormones, flavonoids, steroids, and sugars. In this study, 12 new conjugates were synthesized by reaction of cinnamic acid derivatives with various amino acids. Cytotoxic studies against four different human cancer cells (MCF7, PC-3, Caco-2, and A2780) were carried out by MTT assay method at five different concentrations. The structure-activity relationships based on the cell viability rates were evaluated. To compare the anticancer activities of the compounds using computational chemistry methods, they were docked against A2780 human ovarian cancer, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7), human prostate cancer (PC-3) and human colon epidermal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell lines and compared with the standard 5-Fluorouracil. The results indicate that the efficacy of cinnamic acid derivatives increases with the presence of amino acids. Comet assay was conducted to understand whether the cell deaths occur through DNA damage mechanism and the results exhibit that the changes in the specified parameters were statistically significant (p<0.05). Our study demonstrated that the compounds cause cell death through the formation of DNA damage mechanism.

Obstetric hemorrhage and surgical emergencies training workshops on fresh cadavers and simulators result in high application in daily practices and decreased patient referral.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of obstetric emergencies workshops combining theoretical lectures, simulation trainers and fresh cadaver models on daily practices and referrals of obstetrics and gynecology specialists. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study involving obstetrics and gynecology specialists attending the Turkish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology endorsed obstetrics hemorrhage management courses held in 2018 and 2019. The training course is an annually organized two-day course, one day allotted to theoretical lectures and the other day to practical training on both simulators and fresh cadavers. Trainees participating in the course was surveyed with an anonymous questionnaire on their motivation to attend the course and their juridical history of obstetric patient management. Attendees were asked to disclose whether they had ever independently performed the procedures stated in the questionnaire or not, before commencing the course and 1 year after attending the course. Results: Among the attendees 22% (n=32) had at least one obstetrical malpractice lawsuit and 36.1% (n=52) were accused of Health Care Complaints Comission. The main motivation of the attendees for taking this course was Professional development followed by reducing maternal mortality and morbidity and avoiding malpractice. One year after the course, attendees applying uterine devascularization surgery increased by 36.1% (52/144), uterine compression sutures increased by 52.7% (76/144), and ability to apply uterine balloon tamponade increased by 59.7% (86/144). Besides improvement in other obstetric surgical skills an indirect effect seen that the attandees operated on high-risk cases increased in placenta previa (15.3%), placenta acreata spectrum (30.5%), operative deliveries (27.7%), peripartum hysterectomy (24.9%) and relaparotomy for postpartum hemorrhage (34.7%). Conclusion: Opportunities of attending well organized fresh cadaveric workshops on managing postpartum hemorrhage and other obstetric surgeries, can quickly adapt to daily practice, restore the professional confidence of obstetric and gynecology specialists, and eventually decrease patient referral.

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterizations of hexakis[(1-(4'-oxyphenyl)-3-(substituted-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one)]cyclotriphosphazenes: their in vitro cytotoxic activity, theoretical analysis and molecular docking studies.

The hexachlorocyclotriphosphaze compound (N3P3Cl6, HCCP) was reacted with excess (E)-(1-(4'-oxyphenyl)-3-(substituted-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-ones (2-11) to produce hexakis[(1-(4-oxyphenyl)-3-(substituted-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one)]cyclotriphosphazenes (CP 2-11). The structures of products (CP 2-11) were confirmed using elemental analysis, FT-IR, MS spectral analysis as well as 31P, 1H and 13C-APT NMR techniques and their thermal properties determined by TGA and DSC techniques. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap and chemical reactivity identifiers were calculated and HOMO and LUMO images were viewed. According to the calculations, all the chemical potential values of CP 2-11 are negative and it shown that the molecules are stable. The in vitro cytotoxic of CP 2-11 investigated and their activity potentials were evaluated by molecular docking studies with Autodock Vina softwares. CP 2-11 compounds were found to demonstrate cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines (A2780, LNCaP and PC-3). The CP 2-11 compounds reduced the cell viability against all cancer cell lines in the range 36%-90% especially. The results showed that these compounds are powerful candidate molecules for pharmaceutical applications.

A novel low uterine segment sandwich technique (Caliskan's technique) for the management of post-cesarean hemorrhage due to placenta previa accreta

Objective: Placenta previa (PP) and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders are major causes of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). There is a variety of surgical management options with inexplicit reported success rates. Uterine sandwich is a combination of uterine compression sutures and intrauterine balloon placement to achieve hemostasis. The aim of this study was to present our experience of seven women managed with a novel "lower uterine sandwich" technique to control post-cesarean hemorrhage due to PP accreta. Materials and Methods: Seven pregnant women diagnosed as having PP totalis accreta underwent a post-cesarean procedure combining bilateral ligation of the uterine artery, utero-ovarian artery, and internal iliac artery, Pereira compression sutures implemented on the uterine isthmus, Foley catheter placement into the lower uterine segment, and transvaginal cervical cerclage application, namely "Caliskan's uterine sandwich technique". Results: All women included in this study had placental invasion abnormalities of varying degrees. Postoperative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging assessment revealed a completely normal and preserved uterine blood supply. All women menstruated regularly in their postoperative follow-up period and two women conceived again and delivered uneventfully. None of the patients experienced morbid complications nor required hysterectomy. Conclusion: This novel procedure appears to be a plausible fertility and organ-preserving option in cases of intractable PPH, particularly in lower uterine segment bleeding. This uterine sandwich technique may allow physicians to manage massive hemorrhage due to PAS conservatively by preserving the uterus and its functions without major complications.

Treatment methods for vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy.

INTRODUCTION: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the three most common vaginal infections of women. Our goal is to check which treatment method (vaginal or vaginal combined with oral) is more effective for each trimester to treat VVC. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed and vaginal culture results after treatment of 61 pregnant women who were treated with vaginal or vaginal plus oral antifungals, were collected. Women were grouped according to the method were treated and the trimester they were in. Patients who had used vaginal 750 mg metronidazole + 200 mg miconazole nitrate were determined as the vaginal treatment group. Patients who had used vaginal 750 mg metronidazole + 200 mg miconazole nitrate and oral 150 mg fluconazole were determined as the vaginal plus oral treatment group. RESULTS: When the patients were grouped according to treatment method, there were no significant differences in demographic characteristics except previous antibiotic use. Previous antibiotic use was significantly higher in the vaginal treatment group (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the recurrence of VVC in the vaginal and vaginal plus oral treatment group in the first, second, and third trimesters. DISCUSSION: The results of the study showed that the efficiency of the vaginal treatment was the same as the vaginal plus oral treatment in all three trimesters in the aspect of VVC recurrence. Local treatment of VVC has several advantageous features when compared with oral therapy including a low rate of adverse events, safe utilization during pregnancy, and breastfeeding.

Searching for radiologic and histologic evidence on live vaginal tissue: Does the G-spot exist?

OBJECTIVE: There is a growing debate on the existence of the G-spot. G-spot amplification by various surgical interventions has become mainstream for esthetic vaginal surgery despite a lack of conclusive proof of the G-spot. The aim of this study was to search for histologic evidence in regions of so-called hyperintense focus (HF) (considered as the G-spot) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mapping and biopsied tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients who had grade 2 or higher anterior compartment defects were enrolled in the study. All patients were subjected to MRI. When a HF was seen, its localization, dimensions, and distances to adjacent structures were measured in images. Dissections in the anterior vaginal wall were performed in accordance with the measurements derived from MRI and tissue measuring 0.5x0.5 cm was biopsied from the determined HF. RESULTS: An HF was determined in MRI of three (20%) patients. However, no significant neurovascular tissue density was observed histologically in any of the biopsy specimens obtained from the surgical dissections under the guidance of MRI mapping. CONCLUSION: Our findings denote that there is no G-spot in the anterior vaginal wall.

Radical vulvectomy with right gluteal and left medial thigh V-Y advancement flap reconstruction

Vulvar cancer is rare. The vulva constitutes the external female genitalia and it is associated with the perineum with the intersection of urinary, sexual and anal systems. The deep anatomy of the perineum in the urogenital and anogenital triangle should be well-known to gynecological oncologists. Radical vulvectomy is the surgical treatment of choice in gross tumors expanding over the vulvar skin. After this type of excision, reconstruction is critically important because it is not always feasible to suture the vulvar defect in a primary manner. Thus, the reconstruction options should also be known to gynecological oncologists. Here, we present a video of radical vulvar cancer surgery, which was performed on a cadaver with gluteal and medial thigh V-Y advancement flap reconstruction.

The effects of progesterone treatment on nuchal translucency in women with threatened miscarriage.

This study aims to investigate the effects of progesterone on the possible changes in nuchal translucency (NT) levels for patients diagnosed with threatened miscarriage. The study group was composed of 125 patients diagnosed with threatened miscarriage and taking 400 mg/day micronized orally progesterone at least for two weeks, the control group was composed of 160 healthy pregnant women not taking any progesterone. Crown rump length (CRL) NT thickness, Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (Beta-HCG) levels of patients were measured for assessment of aneuploidy risk. Both of the groups were divided into four subgroups to determine the relationship between thickness of NT and progesterone use for specific CRL measurements. CRL in the first, second, third and fourth group was 45-55 mm, 55-65 mm, 65-75 mm, 75-84 mm, respectively. The two groups were age and BMI matched. In all groups of CRL there were no significant difference in Mom levels of NT thickness, PAPP-A and free Beta-HCG between the study and control groups. There havent been any relation between NT thickness and progesterone use.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known about this subject? Recently some studies have claimed that progesterone use might have caused atypical blood flow pattern on foetal circulation, which could possibly increase NT. If the NT thickness is affected by the use of progesterone, then the false positive rate of detecting Down Syndrome screening tests would increase.What the results of this study add? In this study we did not found any relation between NT thickness and progesterone use.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Using orally progesterone due to threatened miscarriage do not change NT thickness levels. Further studies have to be done with a large number of participants.

Cervical cerclage application algorithm in continued cervical shortening cases despite vaginal progesterone.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is evaluation of pregnancy outcomes of the asymptomatic cases with vaginal progesterone treatment for the 20-30 mm cervical length detected in the transvaginal ultrasonography for fetal abnormality screening and cervical cerclage after cervical length detected <20 mm in weekly cervical length measures; and present the treatment algorithm of progesterone treatment combined with cervical cerclage application. METHODS: Patients who have the inclusion criteria and cervical length more than 30 mm were categorized as group 1(n = 1948). Group 2 were included patients with cervical length shorter than 30 mm (n = 95). All patients of group 2 started to use vaginal natural progesterone 400 mg/day(n = 87). Pregnancies which progressed with cervical length above 20 mm were continued vaginal progesterone until 34. Gestational week and they were named as group 2A (n = 78). Cervical cerclage were applied to patients with cervical length below than 20 mm measured via transvaginal ultrasonography and they were categorized as group 2B (n = 9). RESULTS: Excluding 8 cases (8.42 %) which cervical cerclage were applied, 87 patients were administered vaginal progesterone and in 9 cases (10.34 %) cervical shortening were continued despite progesterone treatment. Four out of these nine cases (44.44 %) had cervical cerclage and their deliveries were delayed after 34 th gestational week. Vaginal progesterone treatment prevented cervical shortening in 89.66 % of patients who had cervical length between 20-30 mm and out of these patients. CONCLUSION: Cervical cerclage application algorithm in continued cervical shortening cases despite vaginal progesterone is beneficial to delay the delivery after 34 th gestational week and related to low complication rate.

Do external female genital measurements affect genital perception and sexual function and orgasm?

OBJECTIVE: To provide baseline data for the anatomy of the external female genitalia and to investigate the correlation between those measurements and sexual function and genital perception. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study consisted of 208 healthy premenopausal women. The Female Sexual Function index (FSFI) and the Female Genital Self-image scale (FGSIS) questionnaires were administered. Participants were divided into two groups according to their female sexual dysfunction (FSD) status. External genital measurements and anterior and posterior vaginal length were measured. RESULTS: The external female genital measurements were (cm, mean ± standard deviation): clitoral prepuce length 2.05±0.48; clitoral glans length 0.87±0.21; clitoral glans width 0.60±0.15; clitoris to urethra 2.24±0.55; anterior fornix depth 7.75±0.92; posterior fornix depth 9.25±0.75; labia minora width, right 2.12±0.86, left 2.20±0.96. A weak negative correlation was found between total FGSIS scores and clitoral prepuce length (p=0.01, r=-0.17), whereas a weak positive correlation was seen between total FGSIS scores and anterior-posterior vaginal lengths (p=0.04, r=0.13; p=0.02, r=0.15, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found between the genital measurements of participants with FSD (n=82, 39.4%) and those without FSD (n=126, 60.6%), and the total FSFI scores and orgasm subdomain scores. CONCLUSION: The female genital measurements were found to be distributed over a wide range. Although the relationship between genital measurements and genital perception varied, no significant relationship was found between genital measurements and sexual functions or orgasm. These findings suggest that a more cautious approach should be taken towards genital surgeries for cosmetic purposes.

Effects of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve in patients with endometrioma and dermoid cyst.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve between women with endometrioma and dermoid cyst. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients were diagnosed as having endometrioma (group A) and 32 patients with dermoid cyst (group B) using ultrasonography. Preoperative anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were measured and unilateral antral follicle counts (AFC) were calculated for the ovary side containing the cyst. Laparoscopic cystectomy was performed using the stripping technique for all participants. After 3 months, all participants were re-evaluated between the third and sixth day of their menstrual cycle to determine AFC and AMH levels. RESULTS: The mean serum preoperative AMH level and AFC level were significantly lower in group A than in group B (p=0.001, p=0.002), respectively. At 3 months after the surgery, serum AMH levels decreased significantly in group A from 2.04±0.68 to 1.47±0.55 (p=0.001), and from 2.60±0.57 to 2.17±0.56 in group B (p=0.001). In group A, unilateral (operated side) AFC levels decreased significantly from 4.05±1.24 to 2.16±0.94 (p=0.001), and in group B, it decreased significantly from 4.93±0.94 to 3.40±0.87 (p=0.001). The decrease in AMH levels was significantly higher in group A than in group B (p=0.033). The decrease in AFC levels was also significantly higher in group A than in group B (p=0.044). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic stripping has destructive effects on serum AMH levels and the operated side AFC levels after surgery for patients with endometrioma and dermoid cysts, and laparoscopic excision of endometrioma has more destructive effects on ovarian reserve than dermoid cysts.

Aspirin, low molecular weight heparin, or both in preventing pregnancy complications in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and factor V Leiden mutation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), LMWH plus low dose aspirin, or low dose aspirin only on pregnancy outcomes in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) patients with factor V Leiden mutation (FVLM).Materials and methods: A total of 2764 RPL patients were evaluated in for the etiology of RPL. Mutations in factor V Leiden homozygous and heterozygous were determined. Subsequently, 196 of these patients were diagnosed with FVLM and included in the study; of these 174 completed the study. At the sixth week of gestation of subsequent pregnancy participants were randomly distributed into three groups. Group A (n = 61) was composed of patients with an oral dose of 100 mg aspirin daily, Group B (n = 59) consisted of patients using 40 mg enoxaparin and 100 mg orally aspirin daily, and Group C (n = 54) included patients using 40 mg enoxaparin daily during pregnancy.Results: Among the 174 patients who completed the study, the live birth and miscarriage rates were similar for the three groups (p = .843 and p = .694, respectively). There was no significant difference among the groups in rates of eclampsia, placental abruption, intrauterine fetal growth restriction and gestational diabetes mellitus. The number of preeclamptic patients was significantly higher in Group A than Groups B and C. The levels of preterm birth was significantly higher in Group A than Groups B and C.Conclusion: Using low dose aspirin, LMWH plus aspirin, or LMWH alone yielded comparable live birth rates in RPL patients with FVLM. However, LMWH decreased the risk of preeclampsia in this group of patients. LMWH might therefore have a preventive role regarding preeclampsia.

Effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on obstetric outcomes within 12 months after surgery.

AIM: To determine the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients having undergone laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in the previous 12 months. METHODS: This retrospective and observational study included 144 pregnant women: 48 had pregnancies within 12 months after LSG (Group A), 42 became pregnant more than 1 year after surgery (Group B) and 54 obese pregnant women who had a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 , were categorized as the control group because they did not undergo surgery (Group C). The participants' early gestational BMI, predelivery BMI and gestational weight gain were determined and the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of the groups were compared. RESULTS: The time interval from surgery to conception was 7.8 ± 3.4 months and 25.8 ± 13.4 months for Groups A and B, respectively (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the rates of gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery and cesarean section between the groups. The number of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in Group C than in Groups A and B (P = 0.004). The number of large-for-gestational-age infants was higher in Group C than in Groups A and B (P = 0.046). The number of small-for-gestational-age infants was significantly higher in Group A than in Groups B and C (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: Pregnancy within one year after LSG is related to an increased risk of small-for-gestational-age infants. LSG decreases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus independent of the time interval between surgery and conception.