Does YouTube Provide High-Quality Information for Patients Regarding Night Guards, Especially for Over-the-Counter Ones?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the information on YouTube regarding night guards (NGs). YouTube was systematically searched using the keyword "night guards." Two independent reviewers examined the first 100 videos and exclusion criteria were applied. Descriptive characteristics of the remaining 60 videos were recorded. In addition, the purpose, target audience, and source of the included videos were collected. A 12-point content scale (CS) was used to evaluate video content, and the Global Quality Scale (GQS) was used to determine video quality. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, and the correlation between scores was evaluated using Spearman rho. Of the included videos, 50% were uploaded by dentists/health institutions, 26% by commercial sources and 24% by laypersons. The aim of 80% of the videos was to inform laypeople and 14% to inform professionals only. The content discussed the most (59.3%) was the production stages of NGs. The mean CS and GQS score of the videos were 2.06 ± 1.35 (poor) and 1.71 ± 0.88 (generally poor), respectively. A positive correlation was found between the CS and GQS scores (r = 0.447). YouTube videos were found to be poor in terms of both content and quality. Since NGs for treating bruxism will always be a trending topic for patients on social media, the content of YouTube videos should be checked and enriched by professionals so that patients can access accurate information, especially about NGs obtained over the counter.

The effect of shock waves on mineralization and regeneration of distraction zone in osteoporotic rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: Osteoporotic individuals suffer from various complications such as spontaneous bone fractures due to decreased bone strength and failure in bone healing as a result of decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microstructure. In this study, the effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) in a distraction osteogenesis model in osteoporotic rabbits were investigated to prevent these failures and improve bone microstructure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 28 female New Zealand rabbits underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis and were divided into four groups: non-ovariectomized control (Cont), ovariectomized control (O-Cont), ovariectomized ESWT1 (O-ESWT1) and ovariectomized ESWT2 (O-ESWT2). ESWT was only applied to the ESWT2 group before the osteotomy, and to both the ESWT1 and ESWT2 groups after the osteotomy. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine bone mineral density on both the 7th and 28th day of the consolidation. Stereological methods were used to identify new bone formation, connective tissue and neoangiogenesis volume. RESULTS: According to the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry examination both at the 7th and 28th day of the consolidation, lower bone mineral density was seen in the ESWT groups. However, the stereological examination showed that shock wave therapy significantly increased new bone formation both ESWT1 and ESWT2 compared with O-Cont, significantly increased neoangiogenesis in O-ESWT1 compared with O-Cont. CONCLUSIONS: The application of ESWT in these parameters after osteotomy was beneficial for bone regeneration in mandibular distraction in osteoporotics. However, ESWT has been shown to be ineffective in improving bone mineral density.KEY MESSAGESThe osteoporotic model can be successfully established in rabbits and the subjects can tolerate the distraction procedures.Stereology is a useful analysis method that can determine the volume of the new bone formation and neoangiogenesis.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy has biostimulatory effects on bone tissue.

YouTube™ as a Source of Information for Patients Regarding Dental Implant Failure: A Content Analysis.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to investigate the quality of the information YouTube TM offers to patients concerning dental implant failure. YouTube TM was searched systematically using the keyword 'dental implant failure'. The first 100 videos were viewed by two independent researchers. For each video, its purpose, target audience and source were also recorded. A 10 point content scale (CS) was used to evaluate the video content. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) was also used to determine the quality of videos. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test and correlation coefficient analyses were performed using Spearman's Rho. While 92.2% of the videos included in the study were uploaded by dentists/health institutions, only 3.1% were uploaded by laypersons. Of the videos, 40.6% were aimed at informing laypersons and 56.3% targetted professionals. The content which was discussed most (71.9%) was 'definition of a dental implant' followed by 'reasons for failure' (65.6%). The mean CS and GQS score of the videos were 3.75 ± 2.35 (moderate) and 2.07 ± 1.05 (generally poor), respectively. There was a positive correlation between the CS and GQS score (r = 0.620). The quality of information on YouTube TM regarding dental implant failure was found inadequate. Thus, the information currently available online needs to be constantly checked and improved by professionals. In addition, clinicians should improve the ways in which they use YouTube TM to better inform patients about the causes, risks and treatment choices involved with failed dental implants.

The assessment of new bone formation induced by unfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy applied on pre-surgical phase of distraction osteogenesis.

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy applied before and/or immediately after the osteotomy on the maturation during the consolidation phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 21 female New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. Subjects were divided randomly into three groups: Control (Distraction without ESWT), A (Distraction +ESWT After Osteotomy), AB (Distraction+ESWT After and Before Osteotomy). ESWT (500 pulses, 5 Hz, 0.19 mJ/mm2 energy flux density) was applied to group A and group AB after 5, 12 and 19 days after osteotomy and group AB only on days 7,14 and 21 before osteotomy. On the 28th day of the consolidation period, all subjects were sacrificed. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), and stereological methods were used to determine the new bone, connective tissue and neovascularization volumes. RESULTS: As a result of DEXA examinations made on the 1st and 4th week of consolidation, there was no significant difference between groups regarding BMD and BMC values. According to the results of stereological examination, when the connective tissue and new bone tissue were evaluated, higher values were observed in AB when compared to A, and in AB and A compared to the control group, but the differences are not statistically significant. There was no difference between the groups in terms of neovascularization. CONCLUSION: ESWT in these parameters was not positively effective in bone maturation during consolidation when applied before osteotomy or both before and after osteotomy.

Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwaves Therapy on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses and methods of extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT) on the sciatic nerve regeneration of rat model using unbiased quantitative stereological techniques and to know which method and dose were effective. METHODS: Twenty-five Wistar albino rats were used in the experiment. All animals were randomly divided into 5 groups. To the first group (control, n = 5) ESWT and surgery were not applied. To 2nd group (E300*2, n = 5), twice doses of 300 impulses uESWs (unfocused) were applied. To 3rd group (E500*2, n = 5), twice doses of 500 impulses uESWs (unfocused) were applied. To 4th group (E300*2, n = 5), twice doses of 300 impulses of fESWs (focused) were applied. To 5th group (E500*2, n = 5), twice doses of 500 impulses of fESWs (focused) were applied. Rats were sacrificed and nerve samples analyzed on the 22nd day following the operation. RESULTS: There is a variable increase in the axon numbers among the shockwave treated groups in compare to the control group. The focused groups showed better improvement and the 300-focused group has shown the highest regeneration rate. CONCLUSION: The authors found that ESWT promotes nerve regeneration, increases the thickness of the myelin sheath and that the most effective result is in the 300 shock wave.

Effect of Electrohydraulic Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on the Repair of Bone Defects Grafted With Particulate Allografts.

This study determined the effect of electrohydraulic extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on the healing of mandible defects repaired using particulate allogenic bone grafts. This study included 20 male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks. In all the animals, a critical-sized defect of 4-mm diameter was created in the mandible and the defect area was filled with particulate allograft. Next, the rats were divided into 2 groups, allograft (G) (n = 10) and allograft + ESWT (GE) (n = 10). On days 3, 5, and 7 after the grafting, rats in the GE group received ESWT involving 200 pulses with an energy flux density of 0.19 mJ/mm. Five rats in each group were sacrificed at the end of week 4 and at the end of week 8. Defect areas were examined radiologically by performing high-resolution computed tomography and stereologically by using the Cavalieri method. Obtained data were compared by performing statistical analysis. Radiological evaluation showed that bone density was higher in rats in the G group than in those in the GE group at week 4. In contrast, bone density was higher in rats in the GE group than in those in the G group at week 8. Stereological examination showed that new bone, connective tissue, and capillary volumes were higher in rats in the GE group than in those in the G group at both weeks 4 and 8. The authors' results indicate that repeated doses of ESWT accelerate the healing of bone defects repaired using allogenic bone grafts.

The Effect of Unfocused Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Bone Defect Healing in Diabetics.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the unfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on healing of mandible ramus defects in diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty male Wistar albino rats were used in the experiment. All animals were randomly divided into 2 main groups, nondiabetic and diabetic. Critical-sized defects were created on ramus in all rats. ESWT was performed to half of rats in each group at 3 sessions after surgery. Animals were euthanized at either fourth or eighth week. Stereological and radiologic examination was performed. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way variance analysis and Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS: Hounsfield Unit values were higher in DE group than DE group in both 8-week and 4-week groups (P > 0.05). In both 4-week and 8-week diabetic groups, higher value was observed when compared with nondiabetic groups (P > 0.05). According to stereological results, in 4-week groups, there was a higher new bone, connective tissue, and neovascularization volume in DE group than DE group and in DE group than DE group. These results are similar for the 8-week groups except NV volume. CONCLUSION: It was found that ESWT application has no positive effect on the healing of critical-sized bone defects in nondiabetics whereas promising effects in diabetics were observed.