Reliability and validity of the 6-minute pegboard and ring test for functional exercise capacity in patients with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain, sensory disturbances, and lymphedema are frequent after breast cancer, leading to arm dysfunction. There is a need for objective performance-based clinical exercise tests for the upper extremity in patients with breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the 6-minute pegboard and ring test (6PBRT) in breast cancer survivors. METHODS: Forty-eight women with breast cancer (mean age = 55.40 ± 10.40 years) were included. All patients performed 6PBRT on the first day and one week later to investigate the test-retest reliability of the 6PBRT, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. The peak workload (Wpeak) and oxygen consumption level (VO2peak) during the arm ergometer test were used as outcomes for the criterion validity of the 6PBRT. RESULTS: The 6PBRT showed good test - retest reliability with an ICC1,2 value of 0.871 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.769-0.928]. The first 6PBRT score was very strongly correlated with the second test score (r = 0.866, p < .001). The 6PBRT score was significantly correlated with VO2peak (r = 0.634, p < .001), and Wpeak (r = 0.546, p < .001). While the 6PBRT score had less effect on VO2peak, the determination of VO2peak in the model was very good (R2 = 0.832). CONCLUSION: The 6PBRT has good test-retest reliability and is a valid test in individuals with breast cancer. These findings suggest that 6PBRT is a practical, useful, valid and reliable assessment tool for determining functional arm exercise capacity in patients with breast cancer.

Cross-cultural adaptation of Turkish version of Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ).

INTRODUCTION: Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) is one of the scales used for evaluating the quality of life of children. Dental caries is an important factor affecting oral health-related quality of life. It was aimed to translate into Turkish and evaluate the psychometric properties of the P-CPQ with the evaluation of dental caries status of 6- to 14-year-old children. METHODS: Children-parent pairs attending to paediatric dental clinic were involved. After the translation and adaptation of the scale, the data were collected from the parents with the Turkish version of the P-CPQ and a short questionnaire, and then, the intra-oral examination of the children was performed by a paediatric dentist. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 22.0 and SPSS AMOS 22. The significance level was 0.05. Confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity; and item analysis, item discrimination index and the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient for reliability measurement were calculated. Discriminant validity was tested by comparing the median P-CPQ scores between children with caries experience and those without. RESULTS: Totally, 312 children-parent pair (52.9% female) participants were involved. The mean age of participated children was 9.00 ± 1.89. P-CPQ score was calculated by summing the scores of all 31 items; the mean score of the parents was 18.8 ± 12.8. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.87 and ranged from 0.680-0.795 for four subscales. The relationship between total and subscales was found to be statistically significant. Confirmatory factor analysis, item analysis and item discriminant index were approved. Model fit values were admissible. CONCLUSIONS: Turkish version of P-CPQ was created, and it had good internal consistency reliability of subscales and found to be valid in 6- to 14-year-old children.

Adaptation of the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and Determination of Its Normative Values in Turkey.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to adapt the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and determine its normative values in Turkey. METHODS: After translation and cultural adaptation processes, a population-based study was conducted between February and June 2016 in Ankara with individuals over the age of 55 years. Subjects with a previous diagnosis of dementia along with neuropsychiatric disorders that might affect cognition were excluded. Data analyses were performed to assess the association of sociodemographic variables with 3MS scores. RESULTS: Two versions of the Turkish 3MS (for educated and minimally educated individuals) were developed. A total of 2,235 participants were included in the field study. After exclusion, the data on the final sample of 1,909 individuals were analyzed, where age, gender, and education accounted for variance in 3MS scores. Younger age and higher educational attainment were associated with better 3MS performance. CONCLUSIONS: A widely applicable dementia screening test was adapted to Turkish and its normative values were determined. The test will make it possible to evaluate the cognitive performance of both educated and minimally educated elderly individuals based on their age, gender, and educational level.