Prevalence of abnormal pap smears in the western region of Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2022.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of abnormal Pap smears and their quality metrics in a tertiary health-care facility in the western region of Saudi Arabia and to share our data with other researchers in Saudi Arabia to potentially establish benchmark data based on a Saudi population. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out by the Department of Pathology at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on Pap smear statistics for 14,376 Pap smears of both conventional and liquid-based cytology (LBC) between 2010 and 2022. Results: The prevalence of abnormal Pap smears of both conventional and LBC was 3.05% (438 Pap smears). The percentages of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were 0.08% and 0.02%, respectively, and the ratio of atypical squamous cells (ASCs) to squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) (ASC/SIL) was 2.61. Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal Pap smears and the ASC/SIL ratio were consistent with the international benchmark data provided by the College of American Pathologists for each preparation type and within the range of the data provided by published studies, highlighting the need for greater focus on glandular abnormalities.

Folliculitis decalvans managed with adalimumab: A case report.

Folliculitis decalvans (FD) is a rare neutrophilic cicatricial alopecia of the scalp that manifest with inflammation, pruritus, pustules, and tufted hair. Most dermatologist treat FD with topical or oral antibiotics. We recommend considering treatment with biologics to preserve and stabilize the ongoing inflammatory process in moderate to severe FD.

Nasopharyngeal Branchial Cleft Cyst: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.

Branchial cleft cysts are birth defects that happen when the first through fourth pharyngeal clefts do not close properly and most of these cysts develop from the second cleft. Second branchial cleft cysts are almost always in the neck, so it is rare for them to present in the nasopharynx. We report an extremely rare case of a branchial cleft cyst that is located in an unusual site in the nasopharynx in a 36-year-old male with no prior medical history. Computed tomography scan findings showed non-enhancing thickening of the right side mucosal-pharyngeal space, obliterating the fossa of Rosenmuller with no invasion or erosion. The patient was admitted for nasopharyngeal mass excision, and the mass was sent for histopathology. When a cystic lesion is noted in the lateral nasopharynx, branchial cleft cysts should be on the list of possible diagnoses. Surgery is primarily the treatment. The marsupialization approach is a simple way to treat nasopharyngeal branchial cleft cysts as it is safe and has limited complications.

The 7q11.23 Microduplication Syndrome: A Clinical Report with Review of Literature.

We report a 14-year-old adolescent girl with selective mutism (SM) and a 7q11.23 microduplication detected by chromosomal microarray (CMA) analysis and reviewed the literature from 18 published clinical reports. Our patient had specific phobias, SM, extreme anxiety, obesity, cutis marmorata, and a round appearing face with a short neck and over folded ears. We reviewed the published clinical, cognitive, behavioral, and cytogenetic findings grouped by speech and language delay, growth and development, craniofacial, clinical, and behavior and cognitive features due to the 7q11.23 microduplication. This microduplication syndrome is characterized by speech delay (91%), social anxiety (42%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 37%), autism spectrum disorder (29%), and separation anxiety (13%). Other findings include abnormal brain imaging (80%), congenital heart and vascular defects (54%), and mild intellectual disability (38%). We then compared the phenotype with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) which is due to a deletion of the same chromosome region. Both syndromes have abnormal brain imaging, hypotonia, delayed motor development, joint laxity, mild intellectual disability, ADHD, autism, and poor visuospatial skills but opposite or dissimilar findings regarding speech and behavioral patterns, cardiovascular problems, and social interaction. Those with WBS are prone to have hyperverbal speech, lack of stranger anxiety, and supravalvular aortic stenosis while those with the 7q11.23 microduplication have speech delay, SM, social anxiety, and are prone to aortic dilatation.