Newcastle viral disease causation web correlations with laying hen productivity.

Environmental conditions profoundly impact the health, welfare, and productivity of laying hens in commercial poultry farming. We investigated the association between microclimate variations, production indices, and histopathological responses to accidental Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection within a controlled closed-house system. The study was conducted over seven months in a laying hen facility in Cairo, Egypt. Microclimate measurements included temperature, relative humidity (RH%), air velocity (AV), and the temperature humidity index (THI) that were obtained from specific locations on the front and back sides of the facility. Productivity indices, including the egg production percentage (EPP), egg weight (EW), average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, were assessed monthly. During an NDV outbreak, humoral immune responses, gross pathology, and histopathological changes were evaluated. The results demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) variations in EPP and EW between the front and back sides except in April and May. AV had a significant (p = 0.006) positive effect (Beta = 0.346) on EW on the front side. On the back side, AV had a significant (p = 0.001) positive effect (Beta = 0.474) on EW, while it negatively influenced (p = 0.027) EPP (Beta = - 0.281). However, temperature, RH%, and THI had no impact and could not serve as predictors for EPP or EW on either farm side. The humoral immune response to NDV was consistent across microclimates, highlighting the resilience of hens. Histopathological examination revealed characteristic NDV-associated lesions, with no significant differences between the microclimates. This study underscores the significance of optimizing microclimate conditions to enhance laying performance by providing tailored environmental management strategies based on seasonal variations, ensuring consistent airflow, particularly near cooling pads and exhaust fans, and reinforcing the importance of biosecurity measures under field challenges with continuous monitoring and adjustment.

The unintentional effect of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty on extraarticular deformity and of high tibial osteotomy on intraarticular deformity for the treatment of anteromedial osteoarthritis.

INTRODUCTION: Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) and High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) are two valid options in the treatment of Anteromedial Osteoarthritis (AMOA) of the knee with UKA being mainly performed in cases of Intraarticular deformity (IA) and HTO in cases of Extraarticular deformity (EA). The exact unintentional effect of UKA on EA deformity and HTO on IA deformity is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to assess this unintentional effect of UKA on EA and HTO on IA deformities respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This a single-center retrospective study in which 50 patients who underwent UKA and 50 patients who underwent medial opening wedge HTO (MWOHTO) for the treatment of AMOA were included. Overall, 35 males and 15 females underwent HTO with a mean age of 44.3 ± 11.2 years while the mean age of the UKA group was 71.8 ± 7.9 years in 23 males and 27 females. The radiological effect of UKA and HTO on each of the following angles: Hip-Knee-Ankle angle (HKA), Medial Proximal Tibial Angle (MPTA), mechanical Lateral Distal Femoral Angle (mLDFA) and Joint Line Convergence Angle (JLCA) on long film radiographs both pre- and postoperatively was measured. The postoperative values were compared to the preoperative values to detect the expected and unintended effects of each technique on IA and EA deformities. RESULTS: In the HTO group, the MPTA has changed significantly as expected from 83.1 ± 4.5 preoperatively to 88.9 ± 3.9 postoperatively (p value < 0.001) correcting the existing preoperative EA varus without overcorrection. Similarly in the UKA group, the JLCA has also changed significantly as expected to correct the IA varus from 3.8 ± 1.7 preoperatively to 0.9 ± 1 postoperatively (p value < 0.001). On the other hand, the JLCA was unintentionally changed in the HTO group from 2.6 ± 2.1 preoperatively to 1.6 ± 2.4 postoperatively (p value = 0.03) partly correcting the IA varus deformity. Similarly, the MPTA showed a significant change that occurred inadvertently in the UKA group from 84.8 ± 2.1 to 86.3 ± 1.6 postoperatively (p value < 0.001). This unintentional increase in the MPTA also partly corrected the preexisting EA varus deformity. The mLDFA did not show a significant change neither in the HTO group (p value = 0.96) nor in the UKA group (p value = 0.94). CONCLUSION: In addition to intraarticular varus correction, UKA can partly correct the extraarticular varus deformity in AMOA even when resurfacing is exclusively attempted. Additionally, intraarticular deformity can be also partially managed by HTO along with the extraarticular varus correction even without performing overcorrection.

Fixation of Mallet Fractures Using a Modified Hook Plate Technique: A Prospective Case Series of 17 Patients / Fixação de fraturas em martelo com técnica de placa de gancho modificada: Uma série de casos prospectivos de 17 pacientes

Abstract Objective Various modalities have been suggested to manage mallet fractures; however, inappropriate treatment can lead to extension lag, a swan neck deformity, or arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ). The current study aimed to evaluate the results (functional, radiological, and complications) of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of mallet fractures using low-cost hook plates fabricated from low-profile titanium mini plates. Methods A prospective case series of 17 consecutive patients (average age of 32.3 years) with mallet fractures (six were Wehbe Type IB and 11 were Wehbe Type MB). Eleven (64.7%) were males. The affected hand was dominant in all patients, and the affected digit was the index in 6 (35.3%), the ring in 5 (29.4%), the small in 3 (17.65%), and the middle in 3 (17.65%) patients. The same fellowship-trained hand surgeon performed all surgeries. Results The average operative time was 37.65 minutes. After an average follow-up of 10.94 months (range 6-27), the average DIPJ motion was 50º º (range 20º-70º), the extensor lag was noted in 4 (23.5%) patients, and complications were reported in 6 (35.29%) patients. According to Crawford criteria, 6 (35.3%) patients achieved excellent results, 7 (41.2%) achieved good results, and 4 (23.5%) achieved fair results. Conclusion The modified hook plate technique for fixation of mallet fractures is a beneficiai, economical, yet demanding technique that adequately provides stable fixation to allow early DIPJ motion with acceptable functional outcomes.

Resumo Objetivo Diversas modalidades têm sido sugeridas para o tratamento de fraturas em martelo; no entanto, o tratamento inadequado pode causar retardo de extensão, deformidade em pescoço de cisne ou artrite da articulação interfalangiana distal (AIFD). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os desfechos (funcionais, radiológicos e complicações) da redução aberta e fixação interna (RAFI) das fraturas em martelo com placas de gancho de baixo custo fabricadas com mini placas de titânio de baixo perfil. Métodos Série de casos prospectivos de 17 pacientes consecutivos (idade média de 32,3 anos) com fraturas em martelo (seis do tipo IB e 11 do tipo IIB de Wehbe). Onze (64,7%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A mão acometida era a dominante em todos os pacientes, com acometimento do dedo indicador em seis (35,3%), anelar em cinco (29,4%), mínimo em três (17,65%) e médio em três (17,65%) pacientes. O mesmo cirurgião de mão experiente realizou todas as cirurgias. Resultados O tempo operatório médio foi de 37,65 minutos. Após um acompanhamento médio de 10,94 meses (intervalo de 6 a 27), observou-se movimento médio da AIFD de 50º (intervalo de 20º a 70º), retardo de extensão em quatro (23,5%) pacientes e complicações em seis (35,29%) pacientes. De acordo com os critérios de Crawford, os desfechos foram excelentes em seis (35,3%), bons em sete (41,2%) e regulares em quatro (23,5%) pacientes. Conclusão A técnica da placa de gancho modificada para fixação de fraturas em martelo é benéfica e econômica, mas exigente; permite fixação estável e adequada para permitir a movimentação precoce da AIFD com desfechos funcionais aceitáveis.