Anatomical evaluation of the medial lingual foramen using cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study / Avaliação anatômica do forame lingual medial usando tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico: um estudo retrospectivo

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the frequency of medial lingual foramina present in the cortex of the mandible using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A total of 953 CBTC exams of the mandible were evaluated to determine the presence of canals in the mandibular midline, canal location in relation to the mental spine, canal diameter, distance to the base and alveolar crest of the mandible, trajectory of the canal, and coincidence measurements of the panoramic image containing the location of the canal in relation to the mental spine. Results: Foramina were located in three positions: above the mental spine (FSS) 89.2%, below the mental spine (FIS) 67.9%, and other positions (FOP) 21.3%. Non-edentulous individuals had a significantly higher number of FSS than did edentulous individuals (P<0.001). Male individuals presented a significantly greater distance from the FSS (P=0.001), FIS (P=0.045) and FOP (p=0.002) to the base of the mandible than female individuals. Younger individuals presented a significantly higher distance from the FSS (P=0.001) and FIS (P=0.001) to the alveolar crest of the mandible. Male individuals had a significantly greater FIS (P=0.002) and FOP (P=0.001) diameter than female individuals. Male individuals had a significantly higher number of bifurcations in FOP than female individuals (P=0.017). Conclusion: CBCT supplies the provider with a detailed assessment of the foramina and canals, which improves the quality of surgical planning and mitigates the chances of surgical intercurrences.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência dos forames linguais mediais presentes na cortical da mandíbula por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Métodos: Um total de 953 exames de TCFC da mandíbula foram avaliados para determinar a presença de canais na linha média mandibular, localização do canal em relação ao tubérculo geniano, diâmetro do canal, distância à base e crista alveolar da mandíbula, trajetória da canal e medidas de coincidência da imagem panorâmica contendo a localização do canal em relação ao tubérculo geniano. Resultados: Os forames localizaram-se em três posições: acima do tubérculo (FSS) 89,2%, abaixo do tubérculo (FIS) 67,9% e outras posições (FOP) 21,3%. Indivíduos não edêntulos apresentaram um número significativamente maior de FSS do que indivíduos edêntulos (P <0,001). Indivíduos do sexo masculino apresentaram distâncias significativamente maior do FSS (P = 0,001), FIS (P = 0,045) e FOP (p = 0,002) até a base da mandíbula do que indivíduos do sexo feminino. Os indivíduos mais jovens apresentaram uma distância significativamente maior do FSS (P = 0,001) e FIS (P = 0,001) até a crista alveolar da mandíbula. Indivíduos do sexo masculino tiveram um diâmetro de FIS (P = 0,002) e FOP (P = 0,001) significativamente maior do que indivíduos do sexo feminino. Indivíduos do sexo masculino tiveram um número significativamente maior de bifurcações no FOP do que indivíduos do sexo feminino (P = 0,017). Conclusão: a TCFC fornece ao profissional uma avaliação detalhada dos forames e canais, o que melhora a qualidade do planejamento cirúrgico e diminui as chances de intercorrências.

Imaging diagnosis of external root resorption in replanted permanent teeth.

The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiographs (PR) in diagnosing external root resorption (ERR) in human permanent teeth replanted after traumatic avulsion. The samples comprised 39 permanent maxillary incisors replanted after traumatic avulsion. Digital PR and CBCT images were taken from each tooth and independently examined by 2 calibrated examiners to assess the ERR activity regarding type and extension. The degrees of agreement between both imaging examinations were determined by the mean global agreement index using SPSS software. The two imaging examinations diverged greatly in the diagnosis of the type of ERR since CBCT identified more cases as inflammatory ERR and PR as replacement ERR. A discordance level of 69.2% was observed between the two methods in the diagnosis of the type of ERR when CBCT for mesial and distal (MD) surfaces was considered and 61.5% when CBCT for mesial, distal, buccal and lingual (MD/BL) was considered. Likewise, CBCT and PR differed regarding the ERR index. PR examinations classified most cases as moderate or severe (69.2%), while CBCT examinations classified more cases as mild either in the MD surfaces analysis (41.4%) or in the analysis of the MD-BL surfaces (51.3%). In conclusion, the present results highlight a discrepancy between CBCT and digital PR performance in the diagnosis of different types and extent of ERR in replanted teeth.

Imaging diagnosis of external root resorption in replanted permanent teeth

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiographs (PR) in diagnosing external root resorption (ERR) in human permanent teeth replanted after traumatic avulsion. The samples comprised 39 permanent maxillary incisors replanted after traumatic avulsion. Digital PR and CBCT images were taken from each tooth and independently examined by 2 calibrated examiners to assess the ERR activity regarding type and extension. The degrees of agreement between both imaging examinations were determined by the mean global agreement index using SPSS software. The two imaging examinations diverged greatly in the diagnosis of the type of ERR since CBCT identified more cases as inflammatory ERR and PR as replacement ERR. A discordance level of 69.2% was observed between the two methods in the diagnosis of the type of ERR when CBCT for mesial and distal (MD) surfaces was considered and 61.5% when CBCT for mesial, distal, buccal and lingual (MD/BL) was considered. Likewise, CBCT and PR differed regarding the ERR index. PR examinations classified most cases as moderate or severe (69.2%), while CBCT examinations classified more cases as mild either in the MD surfaces analysis (41.4%) or in the analysis of the MD-BL surfaces (51.3%). In conclusion, the present results highlight a discrepancy between CBCT and digital PR performance in the diagnosis of different types and extent of ERR in replanted teeth.

Mandibular buccal bifurcation cyst: Case report and literature review.

The present study reports a case of a mandibular buccal bifurcation cyst (MBBC) associated with a partially erupted mandibular first molar. The intraoral examination revealed vestibular swelling in the right mandibular permanent first molar region. Panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed a well-delimited radiolucent image involving the roots and part of the crown of the right mandibular permanent first molar with bulging and areas of buccal cortical bone resorption. An incisional biopsy was performed and the diagnosis was MBBC. The lesion was surgically removed by enucleation and curettage. Bone repair was observed seven months after the surgical procedure.

Infecções odontogênicas complexas e seu perfil epidemiológico / Severe odontogenic infections and its epidemiological profile

Infecções odontogênicas complexas são aquelas, que se disseminam para espaços faciais subjacentes, podendo provocar complicações graves, como a Angina de Ludwig. Seu diagnóstico precoce e uma avaliação precisa das complicações são extremamente importantes para o sucesso do tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil epidemiológico de 50 pacientes internados com infecção odontogênica complexa em um hospital público de Belo Horizonte-MG, no intervalo de um ano. Dentre eles, 26 eram mulheres e 24 homens, com a média de idade de 31,04 anos. O período de internação foi, em média, de 6,9 dias, e o intervalo entre o início da infecção e a internação foi de 4,80 dias em média. Apenas 6% eram portadores de Diabetes Mellitus. Em 56%, os dentes causadores foram segundos e terceiros molares inferiores. Um total de 54% possuía baixa renda, mas apenas 4% eram analfabetos. Dentre os pacientes, 47 fizeram uso de algum tipo de medicamento prévio ao momento da internação hospitalar e 32,0% relataram-se automedicado. Concluiu-se que a infecção odontogênica pode atingir indivíduos de variadas faixas etárias, independente do sexo, classe econômica ou nível de instrução. A prevenção e a abordagem precoce dos casos são a melhor estratégia de tratamento... (AU)

Severe odontogenic infections are those that spread to spaces underlying facial and may cause severe complications such as Ludwig's angina. Early diagnosis and precise evaluation of complications is extremely important for successful treatment. The objective of this study was to understand the epidemiology of 50 patients admitted with severe odontogenic infection in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais within one year. Among them, 26 were women and 24 men, with a mean age of 31.04 years. The hospital stay averaged 6.9 days and the interval between the onset of infection and hospitalization was 4.80 days on average. Only 6% were diabetic patients. In 56%, the causing teeth were second and third molars. A total of 54% had low income, but only 4% were illiterate. Among the patients, 47 had used some kind of drug prior to the time of hospitalization and 32.0% reported having self-medicated. It was concluded that the odontogenic infection can affect individuals of different age groups, regardless of gender, economic class or education level. The prevention and early treatment of cases are the best treatment strategy... (AU)

Differential diagnosis of antral pseudocyst. A case report.

Antral pseudocyst (AP) is a process formed by the inflammatory exudate accumulation below the sinuses mucous membrane and causing a sessile elevation. AP is a dome-shaped, well-delineate, faintly radiopaque lesion on the intact floor of the maxillary sinus. A case of AP with an unusual location is presented. A 24-year-old male was submitted to the panoramic radiographic exam and an around, well-defined, faintly radiopaque lesion was detected in the tuberosity extension of maxillary sinus. The differential clinical-radiograph diagnoses were AP, non-odontogenic cysts, odontogenic cysts, odontogenic and non-odontogenic tumours. Fine needle aspiration demonstrated presence of viscous yellow liquid. It was performed an excisional biopsy and the histological diagnosis was AP. It is necessary biopsy when this doubt persists and also emphasize the recognition of AP in other differential diagnose and management with other lesions in region of the maxillary sinus.

Avaliação da utilização de aparelhos de raios-x em consultórios odontológicos em Belo Horizonte, Brasil / Evaluation of the use of x-ray equipment in dental offices in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento teórico e a prática radiológica dos cirurgiões dentistas no município de Belo Horizonte. Materiais e Métodos: Foi aplicado questionário para 256 dentistas registrados em Belo Horizonte, selecionados aleatoriamente, enfocando aspectos relacionados ao conhecimento teórico e à prática radiológica na clínica odontológica. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de frequência e análise bivariada. Resultados: Dos entrevistados, 53,9% possuíam aparelhos de raios-X. Destes, 19,6% não conheciam o tipo de aparelho que utilizavam. Os profissionais com até 20 anos de formatura apresentaram maior conhecimento sobre as técnicas radiográficas e sobre as medidas de radioproteção e biossegurança, porém mostraram menor conhecimento sobre as características do aparelho que utilizavam. Por outro lado, os profissionais formados há mais de 21 anos demonstraram maior conhecimento sobre a aparelhagem e menor conhecimento em relação às técnicas radiográficas, medidas de radioproteção e biossegurança. A câmara portátil foi o ambiente de processamento mais utilizado. Conclusão: Detectou-se que a prática radiológica apresenta problemas diferenciados, sugerindo a necessidade de melhorias na formação e atualização profissionais.(AU)

Aim: To evaluate the theoretical and practical radiological knowledge of dentists in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was applied to 256 randomly selected, registered dentists in Belo Horizonte, focusing on aspects related to theoretical knowledge and radiologic practice. Data were analyzed using frequency and bivariate analyses. Results: Of the respondents, 53.9% had x-ray equipment. Of these, 19.6% did not know what type of device they used. Professionals who had graduated up to 20 years prior showed a greater knowledge about radiographic techniques, the procedures of radioprotection, and biosafety, but showed less knowledge about the characteristics of the instruments they used. On other hand, trained professionals who had graduated more than 21 years prior, demonstrated greater knowledge about the equipment and less knowledge in relation to radiographic techniques, radioprotection, and biosafety. The portable developing chamber proved to be the most widely used processing environment. Conclusion: It could be observed that radiological practice presents specific problems, suggesting the need for improvements in both professional training and post-graduate studies.(AU)

Stylohyoid complex ossification in temporomandibular disorder: a case-control study.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Stylohyoid complex ossification (SCO) can be associated with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). However, this subject is poorly investigated in epidemiological studies. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between TMD and SCO. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-eight individuals with TMD and 93 control individuals without TMD were enrolled in a case-control study and paired according to age and gender. Panoramic radiographs were made of all participants, and SCO was measured in millimeters (mm) by a blinded researcher. Ossification was held to begin at measurements of 30 mm or more. The association between symptoms (pain upon swallowing or turning the head and the sensation of a foreign body in the throat) and SCO was investigated. Pearson chi-square tests were used for the comparison of proportions, (α=.05). RESULTS: A total of 44.9% of those with TMD and 46.2% of the control population exhibited SCO (P=.858). TMD was associated with pain upon swallowing (P<.05) and upon turning the head P<.01), but there were no associations between the symptoms possibly related to SCO and the presence of ossification (pain upon swallowing P=.658; sensation of a foreign body in the throat P=.980; pain upon turning the head P=.405). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there are no associations between TMD and SCO. Some symptoms classically associated with SCO also occur in TMD patients.

Bilateral tonsilloliths and calcified carotid atheromas: case report and literature review.

Tonsilloliths and calcified carotid atheromas are dystrophic calcifications that can be identified in routine oral radiographs. This case report is the first description in the English literature of the simultaneous occurrence of bilateral tonsilloliths and calcified carotid atheromas. Panoramic oral radiographs from a 62-year-old woman presented bilateral radiopaque images of the left and right ramus of the mandible; multiple and well-defined radiopacities below the left angle of the mandible, next to the C3-C4 cervical vertebrae; and a single radiopacity on the right side between the hyoid bone and the mandible base. Computed tomography confirmed the exact location of the calcifications in the oropharyngeal and carotid spaces. A diagnosis of bilateral tonsilloliths and calcified carotid atheromas was reached. Doppler ultrasound indicated a degree of stenosis of ± 20% within the right and left carotids. The patient was referred to a vascular surgeon to evaluate the calcified carotid atheromas. Follow-up of the tonsilloliths was also performed.

Should an asymptomatic unerupted mandibular molar be removed? / Um dente incluso assintomático deve ser removido?

The purpose of this paper is to present a clinical case of a dentigerous cyst and to discuss the need to remove the asymptomatic, uneruptedteeth. A 58-year-old white woman presented for removal of an asymptomatic unerupted left mandibular second molar. A periapical radiograph revealed a horizontal intra-alveolar unerupted second molar and the absence of the third molar. The second molar had a follicular space of less than 0.5 mm. The age of the patient, the absence of symptoms and the risk of losing the first molar during the surgery were sufficient for the patient to choose to undergo periodic checkups. In the 2nd year of checkups, the development was noted of a dentigerous cyst in the second molar. The dental surgeons must assess the risks involved in putting off surgery, the benefits to the patient and be aware of the needfor periodic checkups at short intervals of time in cases of non-removal of the unerupted teeth. Also, it is important to be aware that it is notpossible to predict whether or not certain pathologies might occur if they are not removed.

O caso clínico de um cisto dentígero e a discussão da necessidade de se remover ou não um dente incluso assintomático são apresentados.Uma paciente de 58 anos de idade apresentou-se para a remoção de um segundo molar inferior incluso, assintomático. Uma radiografia periapical revelou um segundo molar inferior incluso, horizontalmente e a ausência do terceiro molar. O folículo dental do segundo molar era menor que 0,5 mm. Em função da idade, do dente ser assintomático e da possibilidade de perda do primeiro molar durante a cirurgia optou-se pelo controle periódico. No segundo ano de controle constatou-se a formação de um cisto dentígero no segundo molar incluso. Os cirurgiões devem avaliar o risco de uma cirurgia tardia, os benefícios ao paciente e estarem conscientes da necessidade de um controle periódico.

The histopathological examination of the dental follicleof asymptomatic impacted tooth: is it necessary? / Exame histopatológico do folículo dental de denteimpactado assintomático: é necessário?

Introduction: During the development of a tooth, the pericoronal tissue may develop pathological changes.The clinical dilemma occurs in the early diagnostic of the tissue around the crown of an uneruptedtooth. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to present a clinical case with different diagnoses of a smallradiolucency area around the crown of impacted teeth on the same patient. The histological diagnosis ofthe follicle related to tooth 48 was of dentigerous cyst and the histological finding of follicular tissue associatedto tooth 38 showed some features of unicystic ameloblastoma. The follicles of teeth 18 and 28 didnot present histopathological changes. Conclusion: The radiographic appearance may not be a reliableindicator of the absence of disease in pericoronal tissues. We recommend histopathological analysis onall surgically extracted follicle tissue, even when radiographic and clinical findings are not indicative ofpathological alterations.

Introdução: Durante o desenvolvimento dental, o tecido pericoronário pode sofrer alterações patológicas.O dilema clínico está no diagnóstico precoce dos tecidos em torno da coroa de um dente retido. Objetivo: O objetivodeste trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico em que houve diferentes diagnósticos histológicos relacionadosaos tecidos pericoronários em um mesmo paciente sem a presença de alteração radiográfica característica.Os diagnósticos histológicos dos folículos dos terceiros molares sugeriram cisto dentígero relacionado ao dente48, características de ameloblastoma unicístico ao dente 38, e os tecidos dos dentes 18 e 28 não apresentaramalterações histopatológicas. Conclusão: O aspecto radiográfico neste caso não foi um indicador confiável daausência de doença em tecidos pericoronários. Logo, recomendamos que todos os tecidos pericoronários sejamencaminhados para o exame histopatológico mesmo que os achados radiológicos e clínicos não mostrem alteraçõespatológicas.

Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms: a case-control study.

Considerable evidence indicates that serotonergic mechanisms, particularly the serotonin transporter, are involved in alcoholism and tobacco use and are influenced by polymorphism of the promoter region of 5HTT (5-HTTLPR). As alcohol and tobacco consumption have been implicated in the pathogenesis of oral cancer, the purpose of this study was to investigate 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared with a control group in a sample of Brazilian patients. One hundred and three patients affected by OSCC and 103 volunteers without OSCC were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR. Both groups were matched for age, sex and tobacco use. The chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis (α=0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in 5-HTTLPR genotypes between case and control group (p= 0.408). In conclusion, the present investigation demonstrated that serotonin transporter polymorphisms are not implicated in the OSSC development.

Asynchronous idiopathic bone cavity: a case report.

Idiopathic bone cavity (IBC) is a non-odontogenic intra-osseous lesion that affects the jaws and others bones. The aetiology of IBC remains unknown. IBC is frequently observed as a single radiolucent area with a corticated, well-defined border, a scalloped shape and a minimal effect on the surrounding structures. A case report of asynchronous IBC in a 17-year-old woman is presented. The first lesion occurred in the mandibular symphysis region, and the second IBC occurred in the right mandibular ramus. Both lesions were surgically treated, and the patient has been disease-free for 5 years.

Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms: a case-control study

Considerable evidence indicates that serotonergic mechanisms, particularly the serotonin transporter, are involved in alcoholism and tobacco use and are influenced by polymorphism of the promoter region of 5HTT (5-HTTLPR). As alcohol and tobacco consumption have been implicated in the pathogenesis of oral cancer, the purpose of this study was to investigate 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared with a control group in a sample of Brazilian patients. One hundred and three patients affected by OSCC and 103 volunteers without OSCC were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR. Both groups were matched for age, sex and tobacco use. The chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis (α=0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in 5-HTTLPR genotypes between case and control group (p= 0.408). In conclusion, the present investigation demonstrated that serotonin transporter polymorphisms are not implicated in the OSSC development.

Consideráveis evidências indicam que mecanismos serotoninérgicos, particularmente o transportador de serotonina, estão envolvidos no alcoolismo e no uso de fumo e são influenciados pelo polimorfismo da região promotora do 5HTT (5-HTTLPR). Como o consumo de álcool e fumo está implicado na patogênese do câncer, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR em pacientes com carcinoma bucal de células escamosas (CBCE) comparado com um grupo controle em uma amostra de pacientes brasileiros. Cento e três pacientes afetados por CBCE e 103 voluntários sem história de CBCE foram genotipados para 5-HTTLPR. Ambos os grupos foram pareados pela idade, gênero e uso de fumo. O teste do qui-quadrado foi usado para análise estatística. Não houve diferença estatística entre os genótipos dos grupos caso e controle (p= 0,408). Concluindo, a presente investigação demonstrou que os polimorfismos do transportador de serotonina não estão implicados no desenvolvimento do CBCE.

Basic knowledge on oral cancer among a specific brazilian population / Conhecimento básico sobre câncer bucal em uma população brasileira específica

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to research the basic knowledge of oral cancer in a particular population belonging to the University Campus of Minas Gerais, where all individuals under investigation were highly exposed to information in general. Methods: The sample consisted of 260 individuals distributed amongst students, professors and administrative staff. The variables "risk factor", "protective factor", "oral cancer self-examination" and "initial signals on oral cancer" were categorized, scored and graded in order to obtain a better picture of the basic knowledge on oral cancer of that population. Results: The knowledge on oral cancer seems to increase with age and women had a better knowledge than men. Considering that this population was highly exposed to information available in the campus, the level of knowledge on oral cancer found was not at all satisfactory. Conclusion: It shows the need to invest in comprehensive and long-term educational programs about oral cancer, its causes and consequences, as well as how to prevent it.

Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os conhecimentos básicos do câncer bucal em uma população específica do Campus Universitário de Minas Gerais, onde todos os indivíduos sob investigação são mais expostos à informação em geral. Métodos: A amostra consistiu de 260 indivíduos distribuídos entre os estudantes, professores e pessoal administrativo. As variáveis "fator de risco", "fator protetor", "autoexame para câncer bucal" e "primeiros sinais de câncer bucal" foram categorizadas, pontuadas e classificadas, a fim de se obter uma melhor imagem do conhecimento sobre câncer bucal dessa população. Resultados: O conhecimento sobre câncer bucal parece aumentar com a idade, tendo as mulheres um melhor conhecimento que os homens. Considerando que essa população é mais exposta às informações disponíveis no campus, o nível de conhecimento sobre câncer bucal encontrado não foi de todo satisfatório. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram a necessidade de investimento a longo prazo em programas educativos mais abrangentes sobre o câncer bucal, suas causas e consequências bem como a forma de se evitá-lo.

Padrão e distribuição dos tumores de glândulas salivares em um hospital brasileiro / Pattern and distribution of salivary gland tumours in a Brazilian hospital

Objetivo: documentar a distribuição de tumores de glândulas salivares (TGS) diagnosticados em um período de 5 anos. Pacientes e método: estudo descritivo retrospectivo dos casos de TGS de um hospital brasileiro, entre janeiro de 1999 e dezembro de 2003. Dados obtidos: gênero, idade, evolução da doença, glândula envolvida ou sítio anatômico, diagnóstico histológico e tipo de atendimento (público ou privado). Resultados: a amostra constituiu 121 TGS. Parótida (62%) e glândulas salivares menores (21,5%) foram as mais envolvidas. Os tumores benignos compreenderam 69,5%. Adenoma Pleomórfico (61,5%) e Carcinoma Mucoepidermóide (11,5%) foram os mais prevalentes. Os tumores foram mais frequentes em mulheres (71,4%). Tumores malignos afetaram os pacientes mais idosos (55,6 anos). A prevalência de tumores malignos foi mais alta em glândulas salivares menores. Indivíduos do Sistema Público apresentaram um tempo de evolução da doença mais longo (18,5 meses ± 12,5) em comparação com o Sistema Privado (10,7 meses ± 9,4) (p=0.015). A prevalência de TGS foi de 7,1%. Conclusão: tumores malignos de glândulas salivares são mais prevalentes em pacientes idosos. Faria diferença para o paciente se os Serviços de Saúde, público e privado, mudassem suas políticas para reverter a demora no tratamento.

Objetivo: document the distribution of salivary gland tumours (SGT) diagnosed in a period of 5 years. Patients and Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted of SGT from a Brazilian hospital between January 1999 and December 2003. Data concerning gender, age, disease evolution, gland, histological tumour diagnosis and type of Health Care Service (private or public) was retrieved. Results: The sample consisted of 121 cases of SG. Parotid (62%) and minor salivary glands (21.5%) were the most common glands involved. The benign tumours comprised 69,5%. Pleomorphic Adenoma (61,5%) and the Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (11,5%) were the most prevalent tumours. The tumours affected mostly females (71,4%). Malignant tumours affected older patients (55.6 years). The prevalence of malignant tumours was significantly higher in the minor salivary glands. Individuals from National Public Health Service had a longer waiting period for treament (18.5 months ± 12.5) in comparison to patients from Private Health Service (10.7 months ± 9.4) (p=0.015). The prevalence of SGT was 7.1%. Conclusion: Malignant tumours was more prevalent in older patient. It would a difference for patients if the National Health Service, both public and private, changed their management policies in older to reverse the treatment delay.

Aspectos radiográficos das calcificações em tecidos moles da região bucomaxilofacial / Radiographic aspects of soft tissue calcification in maxillofacial region

Radiopacidades em tecidos moles da região bucomaxilofacial são comuns e aparecem geralmente nos exames radiográficos de rotina. Verifica-se, no entanto, a dificuldade do cirurgião-dentista na identificação dessas imagens. As mais frequentes calcificações descritas na literatura são os ateromas de artéria carótida, os flebolitos, os sialolitos, as calcificações de nódulos linfáticos, os tonsilolitos, os antrolitos e os rinolitos e as calcificações do complexo estilohioideo. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura das características radiográficas das calcificações em tecidos moles da região de cabeça e pescoço com o objetivo de auxiliar o profissional na identificação de tais condições patológicas. Outros exames imaginológicos, como a tomografia computadorizada, a ultrassonografia e a ressonância magnética, também são importantes para o diagnóstico, porém não são imprescindíveis. Grande parte dos artigos encontrados são relatos de caso clínico. Concluiu-se que os profissionais devem estar atentos à presença dessas radiopacidades nas radiografias odontológicas e basear-se, também, em dados clínicos para um correto diagnóstico dessas alterações.

Ordiinary radiographic examinations of soft tissues in the maxilofacial region usually show radiopacities. It is remarkable, however, the difficult of the dentist about these images identification. The most frequent calcifications descript on literature are the carotid atheromas, the phleboliths, the sialoliths, cervical node calcifications, the tonsiloliths, the abtroliths and the rinoliths and stylohyoid complex calcifications. A systematic review on literature about head and neck soft tissues calcifications radiological characteristics was made with the objective of helping on the identification of such pathological conditions. Other imaginologics exams like computed tomography, ultrasound and the magnetic resonance are also important for diagnosis but not necessary. Most of the articles found are clinical reports. The conclusion is that the dentist must be aware to the presence of these radiopacities on odontological radiographics and also be based on clinical data for a correct diagnosis of these alterations.

Analgesic efficacy of Lysine Clonixinate, paracetamol and dipyrone in lowerthird molar extraction. A randomized controlled trial

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the analgesic effect of lysine clonixinate, paracetamol anddipyrone after lower third molar extraction.Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 90 individuals, with clinical indication for inferior third molarsextraction. The mean age of the sample was 22.3 years (DP±2.5). The individuals received the medication in unidentifiedbottles along with the intake instructions. The postoperative pain parameters were measured accordingto Visual Analogical Scale (VAS) and the data was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Friedman Test,with the latter used to test different time intervals for each one of the drugs.Results: The final sample consisted of 64 individuals, including 23 males (45.9%) and 41 females (64.1%) Themean age of the entire sample was 22.3 years (±2.5). The average length of the procedures was 33.9 minutes (±9.8).The distribution of mean values for this variable showed little variance for the different drugs (p=0.07).Conclusion: Lysine Clonixinate did not show any substantial impact on the postoperative pain control when comparedto other drugs (AU)

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Analgesic efficacy of lysine clonixinate, paracetamol and dipyrone in lower third molar extraction: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the analgesic effect of lysine clonixinate, paracetamol and dipyrone after lower third molar extraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 90 individuals with clinical indication for inferior third molar extraction. The mean age of the sample was 22.3 years (DP +/-2.5). The individuals received the medication in unidentified bottles along with the intake instructions. The postoperative pain parameters were measured according to the Visual Analogical Scale (VAS) and the data was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Friedman Test, with the latter used to test different time intervals for each one of the drugs. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 64 individuals, including 23 males (45.9%) and 41 females (64.1%) The mean age of the entire sample was 22.3 years (+/-2.5). The average length of the procedures was 33.9 minutes (+/-9.8). The distribution of mean values for this variable showed little variance for the different drugs (p=0.07). CONCLUSION: Lysine Clonixinate did not show any substantial impact on the postoperative pain control when compared to other drugs.