RESUMEN
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted several waves of infection in many countries worldwide. The large variations in case fatality ratio among different geographical regions suggests that the human susceptibility against this virus varies substantially. Several studies from different parts of the world showed a significant association of ABO blood group and COVID-19 susceptibility. It was shown that individuals with blood group O are at the lower risk of coronavirus infection. To establish the association of ABO blood group in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, we for the first time analysed SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies as well as blood groups among 509 random individuals from three major districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh region of India.. Interestingly, we found neutralising antibodies in significantly higher percentage of people with blood group AB (0.36) followed by B (0.31), A (0.22) and lowest in people with blood group O (0.11). This indicates that people with blood group AB are at comparatively higher risk of infection than other blood groups. Further, in line to previous reports we too observed that people with blood group O have significantly decreased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, among the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with blood group AB has highest, whilst blood group O has lowest risk of infection.
RESUMEN
Infection born by Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has swept the world within a time of a few months. It has created a devastating effect on humanity with social and economic depression. Europe and America were the hardest hit continents. India has also lost lives, making the country fourth most deadly worldwide. However, the infection and death rate per million and the case fatality ratio in India were substantially lower than in many developed nations. Several factors have been proposed including genetics. One of the important facts is that a large chunk of Indian population is asymptomatic to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the real infection in India is much higher than the reported number of cases. Therefore, the majority of people are already immune in the country. To understand the dynamics of real infection as well as the level of immunity against SARS-CoV-2, we have performed antibody testing (serosurveillance) in the urban region of fourteen Indian districts encompassing six states. In our survey, the seroprevalence frequency varied between 0.01-0.48, suggesting high variability of viral transmission between states. We also found out that the cases reported by the government were several fold lower than the real incidence of infection. This discrepancy is mainly driven by the higher number of asymptomatic cases. Overall, we suggest that with the high level of immunity developed against SARS-CoV-2 in the majority of the districts, the case fatality rate of second wave in India will be minor than first wave.
RESUMEN
Objective: Psychiatric disorders following cerebrovascular accidents are common. Post-stroke depression is the most common of these disorders, and post-stroke mania has been reported on rare occasions. Methods: We report a case of a 65 year-old elderly male who developed mania secondary to a left sided cerebral infarction in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Discussion: It has been theorized that lesions in the cerebral hemisphere and limbic structures may produce symptoms suggestive of mania. Emotional and behavioral disorders after stroke negatively impact rehabilitation, cognition, and long-term recovery. Conclusion: Post-stroke mania is a rare medical condition that may occur after neurological deficits.
RESUMEN
Retrieval of a broken guide wire transfixing the acetabulum or with intrapelvic migration is challenging and frustrating for surgeons. We here present a case report on a method to remove a broken guide wire transfixing the acetabulum through the proximal hole of recon nail using a grasping forceps. This method is little invasive, easy, time-saving and without need for changing the inital fixation.
