Highly Flexible Poly(1,12-dodecylene 5,5'-isopropylidene-bis(ethyl 2-furoate)): A Promising Biobased Polyester Derived from a Renewable Cost-Effective Bisfuranic Precursor and a Long-Chain Aliphatic Spacer.

The continuous search for novel biobased polymers with high-performance properties has highlighted the role of monofuranic-based polyesters as some of the most promising for future plastic industry but has neglected the huge potential for the polymers' innovation, relatively low cost, and synthesis easiness of 5,5'-isopropylidene bis-(ethyl 2-furoate) (DEbF), obtained from the platform chemical, worldwide-produced furfural. In this vein, poly(1,12-dodecylene 5,5'-isopropylidene -bis(ethyl 2-furoate)) (PDDbF) was introduced, for the first time, as a biobased bisfuranic long-chain aliphatic polyester with an extreme flexibility function, competing with fossil-based polyethylene. This new polyester in-depth characterization confirmed its expected structure (FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR) and relevant thermal features (DSC, TGA, and DMTA), notably, an essentially amorphous character with a glass transition temperature of -6 °C and main maximum decomposition temperature of 340 °C. Furthermore, PDDbF displayed an elongation at break as high as 732%, around five times higher than that of the 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid counterpart, stressing the unique features of the bisfuranic class of polymers compared to monofuranic ones. The enhanced ductility combined with the relevant thermal properties makes PDDbF a highly promising material for flexible packaging.

A novel synthetised sulphonylhydrazone coumarin (E)-4-methyl-N'-(1-(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-2- yl)ethylidene)benzenesulphonohydrazide protect against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats by attenuating oxidative damage, biological changes and electrocardiogram.

Coumarins and their derivatives are becoming a potential source for new drug discovery due to their vast array of biological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of a newly synthesised coumarin, symbolised as 5,6-PhSHC, against cardiac remodelling process in isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI) in male Wistar rats by evaluating haematological, biochemical and cardiac biomarkers. Rats were pre/co-treated with 5,6-PhSHC or clopidogrel (150 µg/kg body weight) daily for a period of 7 days and then MI was induced by injecting ISO (85 mg/kg body weight), at an interval of 24 hours for 2 consecutive days, on the sixth and seventh days. The in vivo exploration indicated that the injection of 5,6-PhSHC improved the electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern and prevented severe heart damage by reducing leakage of the cardiac injury markers, such as troponin-T (cTn-T), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase-MB. The cellular architecture of cardiac sections, altered in the myocardium of infracted rats, was reversed by 5,6-PhSHC treatment. Results showed that injection of 5,6-PhSHC elicited significant cardioprotective effects by prevention of myocardium cell necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration, along with marked decrease in plasma levels of fibrinogen. In addition, the total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-c, and HDL profiles underwent remarkable beneficial changes. It was also interesting to note that 5,6-PhSHC enhanced the antioxidative defence mechanisms by increasing myocardial glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities, together with reducing the levels of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS), when compared with ISO-induced rats. Taken together, these findings suggested a beneficial role for 5,6-PhSHC against ISO-induced MI in rats. Furthermore, in silico analysis showed that 5,6-PhSHC possess high computational affinities (E-value >-9.0 kcal/mol) against cyclooxygenase-2 (PDB-ID: 1CX2), vitamin K epoxide reductase (PDB-ID: 3KP9), glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa (PDB-ID: 2VDM) and catalase (PDB-ID: 1DGF). Therefore, the present study provided promising data that the newly synthesised coumarin can be useful in the design and synthesis of novel drug against myocardial infarction.

Cardiopreventive capacity of a novel (E)-N'-(1-(7-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction by moderating biochemical, oxidative stress, and histological parameters.

This study is carried out to assess the cardiopreventive effect of (E)-N'-(1-(7-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide or SHC, a novel synthesized coumarin, against myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol (ISO). The SHC compound was identified and characterized by spectral methods (infrared, 1 H NMR [nuclear magnetic resonance], 13 C NMR, Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectroscopy). Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, ISO (rats were injected subcutaneously by 85 mg/kg body weight [BW] of isoproterenol at Days 6 and 7 of the experience), ISO + SHC (150 µg/kg BW, orally for 7 days) and ISO + acenocoumarol (150 µg/kg BW, orally for 7 days). Results showed that ISO induced a remarkable alteration of electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern and increases of plasma cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase-MB, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, and malondialdehyde. In addition, ISO reduced the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol content and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, with the induction of myocardial necrosis. However, SHC administration revealed a significant decrease in cardiac dysfunction markers, restored normal ECG pattern, as well as improving lipids parameters. Moreover, SHC treatment remarkably alleviated the cardiac oxidative stress and the myocardial remodeling process. Overall, the SHC offers good protection from acute myocardial infarction through the antioxidant capacity.

Preparation, characterization and degradation study of novel sulfonated furanic poly(ester-amide)s.

A series of novel-sulfonated furanic polyesteramides have been synthesized by polycondensation in the melt-phase. The copolymers were obtained with reasonable molecular weights and high inherent viscosities between 0.2 and 0.4 dL/g. The hydrolytic degradability of polyesteramides was enhanced by the increasing of amide units in the copolymers backbone.