[Use of modern classification systems for complex diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease]. / Primenenie sovremennykh klassifikatsionnykh sistem dlya kompleksnoi diagnostiki bolezni Al'tsgeimera.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the content of ß-amyloid (Aß) peptides Aß40, Aß42, total and threonine phosphorylated 181 tau-protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on 64 patients with a diagnosis of dementia and MMSE scores of 24 or lower. All patients underwent lumbar puncture. Aß40, Aß42, Aß42/40 ratio, total tau, phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 were determined in the CSF using a multiplex assay according to the manufacturer's protocol, the concentration was determined in pkg/ml. RESULTS: The preliminary diagnosis of AD was made in 3 patients (5%). As a result of the study of protein content in the CSF, signs of AD were detected in 48 (75%) people. The findings suggest that the diagnosis of AD is made 10-14 times less frequently than it should be according to the World Health Organization data. The discrepancy between clinical diagnosis and laboratory findings is confirmed by our study. CONCLUSION: Differences in the therapy of dementias and the development of new drugs targeting specific links in the pathogenesis of different types of dementias require accurate and complete diagnosis of dementias, especially AD, as the most common type of dementia.

[Effects of diet on the gut microbiome in patients with depression]. / Vliyanie diety na mikrobiom kishechnika u patsientov s depressiei.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of diet on the gut microbiota and to assess the relationship of these factors with depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Microorganisms that predominate in depressed patients were identified and associations of the identified organisms with the patients' diet were performed. Fourteen depressed patients and 14 healthy volunteers with the same socio-demographic parameters were included in the study. The Hamilton Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Questionnaire were used. RESULTS: Erysipelatoclostridium and Clostridium innocuum species were 11.3 and 14.4 times higher in depressed patients compared with healthy controls. Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia faecis species, as well as members of the genus Roseburia were statistically significantly more abundant in the healthy volunteers group (6.5, 2.14, 8.75 and 5.2 times more frequently compared to patients). The presence of these microorganisms was correlated with dietary components. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed groups of microorganisms that differ in healthy volunteers and depressed patients. The association of these microorganisms with the diet was shown, which partially confirmed the influence of a «healthy diet¼ on the development of depressive disorders.

[Efficiency of rehabilitation in persons of middle and elderly age with knee joint injuries.]

Traumatic injuries of the knee joint of middle and elderly age account for the majority of injuries of the lower limb. There is a large number of developments in the rehabilitation of the knee joint after injuries, but unified approaches to the rehabilitation algorithm have not been formed. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a set of physical exercises for the treatment and prevention of traumatic injuries of the knee joint in middle-aged and elderly patients (ICD-10: S80-S89). The claimed complex has been tested in 148 patients in whom the duration of remission was 12-36 months. The early use of physical exercises for injuries of the knee joint in middle-aged and elderly people is associated, first of all, with the anticipation of probable complications, stimulation of compensatory-adaptive reactions of the activity of organs and systems of the body.

Social and Cognitive Impairments in Rat Offspring after Ultrasound-Induced Prenatal Stress.

We studied the possibility of developing an autism model based on chronic prenatal psychological stress caused by variable frequency ultrasound 20-45 kHz. The offspring of female rats stressed during pregnancy demonstrated reduced time of social contacts in the social interaction test, increased anxiety in the open-field test, and memory impairment in the Morris water maze test in comparison with the control (intact) rat offspring. We also found a reducing trend in the BDNF gene expression in the amygdala in males of the experimental group. The results showed the possibility of developing the animal autism model based on prenatal stress.

[Effect of the nitrogen source in the medium on the activity of glutamine synthetase in Candida tropicalis and on the kinetics of the enzymatic reaction of glutamine synthesis]. / Vliianie istochnika azota v srede na aktivnost' glutaminsintetazy kormovykh drozhzhei Candida tropicalis i kinetiku fermentativnoi readtsii sinteza glutamina

The effect of various nitrogen sources (L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-aspartic acid, L-asparagine, and ammonium sulphate) on the synthetase and transferase activity of glutamine synthetase was studied in Candida tropicalis. These nitrogen sources had different effect on the two activity of the enzyme. Glutamic acid or ammonium sulphate did not produce any considerable action on the kinetic properties of glutamine synthetase of this fodder yeast.

[Regulation of glutamine synthetase of the fodder yeast Candida tropicalis by ammonium ions]. / Reguliatsiia gliutaminsintetazy kormovykh drozhzhei Candidia tropicalis ionami ammoniia

The effect of ammonium on glutamine synthetase of fodder yeast Candida tropicalis was studied. Ammonium ions were found to repress the synthesis of glutamine synthetase of fodder yeast and to inhibit the enzyme in the cells. The substitution of glutamic acid for ammonium in the nutrient medium brought about depression of glutamine synthetase.