Retrospective Analysis of Tinea Capitis in Xinjiang, China.

Tinea capitis is a cutaneous infection of dermatophytes and predominant in children. It is one of common infectious diseases of children in Xinjiang, particularly in the southern Xinjiang. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical and mycological characteristics of patients with tinea capitis in Xinjiang China. Medical records from 2010 to 2021, Mycology Laboratory Department of Dermatology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, retrospectively investigated the clinical and mycological characteristics of 198 patients with tinea capitis. Hairs have been obtained for fungal examination, and analysis with 20% KOH and Fungus Fluorescence Staining Solution has been conducted. Identification of fungi was using of morphological and molecular biological methods. Among total number of 198 patients, 189 (96%) were children with tinea capitis, of which 119 (63%) were male and 70 (37%) were female; 9 (4%) were adult patients with tinea capitis, of which 7 were female and 2 were male. Preschool children between the ages of 3 and 5 years had the highest distribution (54%), followed by those between the ages of 6 and 12 years (33%), the ages under 2 years (11%) and the ages of 13-15 years (2%) respectively. Among all patients, 135 (68.18%) were Uygur, 53 (26.77%) were Han, 5 (2.53%) were Kazak, 3 (1.52%) were Hui, 1 (0.5%) was Mongolian and nationality information of 1 patient (0.5%) is unknown. The indentification results of the isolates showed that 195 (98%) patients had single-species infections and 3 (2%) patients had double mixed infections. Among single-species infection patients, Microsporum canis (n = 82, 42.05%), Microsporum ferrugineum (n = 56, 28.72%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (n = 22, 11.28%) were the most prevalent species. Other dermatophytes included Trichophyton tonsurans (n = 12, 6.15%), Trichophyton violaceum (n = 10, 5.13%), Trichophyton schoenleinii (n = 9, 4.62%) and Trichophyton verrucosum (n = 4, 2.05%). Among 3 cases of mixed infections, 1 was M. canis + T. tonsurans (n = 1), and the other 2 were M.canis + T.mentagrophytes (n = 2). In conclusion, the majority of tinea capitis patients in Xinjiang, China are Uygur male children aged 3-5 years. M. canis was the most prevalent species causing tinea capitis in Xinjiang. These results provide useful information for the treatment and prevention of tinea capitis.

Influencing Mechanism of Nod-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome Activation in A375 Cell Activity in Human Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma.

This work was to investigate mechanism by which mir-22 targeting nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome affected activity of human skin malignant melanoma (MM) A375 cells. Twenty-four mice were rolled into a control group (Group X) and an experimental group (Group Y) randomly. Without treatment in Group X, Group Y established MM model. After cell transfection, the mice were divided into group A (blank group), group B (negative group), group C (miR-22 mimics group), group D (miR-22 inhibitor group), and group E (miR-22 inhibitor+siNLRP3 group). The results were summarized as follows. The level of miR-22 mRNA in Group Y was obviously lower than that in Group X, and levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 mRNA and NLRP3 and caspase-1 protein in Group Y were greatly higher than those in Group X (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of miR-22 mRNA in group C were much higher in contrast to those in group A, and the mRNA levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were lower. The contrast results in group D and group A were the opposite, P < 0.05. The levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 proteins in group C were greatly elevated, and those in group D were decreased compared with those in group A (P < 0.05). Therefore, miR-22 may target and inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome to reduce the activity of cutaneous malignant melanoma A375 cells.