Structured Examination of the Scrotum and Penis.

Primary care pediatricians, family practitioners, and primary care advanced practice clinicians frequently need to examine male adolescent genitalia as part of a comprehensive physical examination. Although this part of the examination may be uncomfortable for clinicians, taking a structured approach to the examination can mitigate clinicians' apprehension as well as enhance their ability to use this evaluation to identify potential pathology for the patient. Familiarity with the male genitourinary examination will also allow clinicians to definitively identify medical urgencies and emergencies for timely intervention. This review will provide the clinician with a structured approach to the male genitourinary examination while highlighting common pathology that may be encountered during the examination. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(1):e5-e9.].

Exertional Heat Illness-From Identifying Heat Rash to Treating Heat Stroke.

Heat-related illness commonly affects adolescent patients, especially as summer approaches and global temperature extremes worsen. Basic counseling on sunburn prevention can decrease the risk for future malignancies, and rapidly preventing, identifying, and treating heat stroke can prevent severe morbidity and mortality. This article will review the epidemiology of exertional heat-related illness and the variations in presentations and pathology, from heat rash and sunburn to heat exhaustion and heat stroke. By the end of this review clinicians should be able to identify and treat different heat-related illnesses in adolescents and potentially save a life. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(1):e17-e21.].