Attitudes and Feelings towards the Work of Teachers Who Had a School Nurse in Their Educational Center during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the availability of a health professional on the beliefs, attitudes, and work feelings of teaching staff when facing the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a two-phase study: In the first one, the Delphi technique was used to update an instrument used by the authors in a previous investigation in 2020. The second phase was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative study, carried out through an electronic questionnaire distributed among the teaching staff of the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands (Spain), during the first two months of the 2021/22 academic year, in the midst of the fifth wave of COVID-19. Data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test and the linear trend test. The reasons for advantages were analyzed and the dimensions of the questionnaire were compared between the groups studied (with or without a healthcare professional in the center). Out of 640 teachers in the study, 14.7% (n = 94) stated that they had a reference professional with health training in their educational center (a school nurse) for the management of possible cases of COVID-19. Significant differences were found in five of the nine dimensions studied between the groups of teachers analyzed. Teachers who had a health professional, specifically a nurse, during the pandemic indicated that they felt safer in their educational center, as they perceived that they had more personal protective equipment (OR = 2.03, [95% CI: 1.23-3.35]; p = 0.006). They were also more committed (OR = 1.89, [95% CI: 1.04-3.46]; p = 0.038) with their educational work and assumed more obligations (OR = 1.87, [95% CI: 1.01-3.44]; p = 0.045) and risks (OR = 2.82, [95% CI: 1.13-7.07]; p = 0.027). In addition, they presented fewer feelings of burnout (OR = 0.63, [95% CI: 0.41-0.98]; p = 0.041). These results indicate that having nurses in educational centers improves teachers' ability to cope with a pandemic situation.

Hepatitis aguda per virus de l’hepatitis E / Hepatitis aguda por virus de la hepatitis E / Acute hepatitis by Hepatitis E virus

Introducció. L’hepatitis aguda és un procés necroinflamatoridel fetge causat per una noxa puntual. Analíticament esmanifesta per un augment de les transaminases i la presentació clínica pot ser variable (de formes subclíniques a insuficiència hepàtica aguda). L’estudi d’hepatitis inclouproves per valorar el grau d’alteració fisiològica i per identificar-ne l’etiologia. La causa més freqüent són les infeccions víriques.Cas clínic. Pacient de 8 anys amb família originària delPakistan, d’on retorna poc abans d’iniciar la clínica. Presenta abdominàlgia, diarrea, febre, colúria i acòlia. En l’exploració física destaca icterícia mucocutània, esplenomegàlia i hepatomegàlia lleus. L’analítica presenta augmentde transaminases i bilirubina directa. S’ingressa per a estudi i tractament simptomàtic. En les serologies s’obté unresultat positiu a virus d’hepatitis E.Comentaris. El virus de l’hepatitis E (VHE) és un virus RNAque pertany a la família Herpesviridae. La caracteritzaciómolecular ha permès identificar-ne quatre genotips: HVE1i HVE2 infecten únicament humans i són predominants enpaïsos en vies de desenvolupament. HVE3 i HVE4 infectentambé altres mamífers. Són responsables dels casos esporàdics a escala mundial. La majoria d’infeccions sónasimptomàtiques en pacients immunocompetents, però demés risc en pacients immunodeprimits pel risc més alt de cronificació. (AU)

Introducción. La hepatitis aguda es un proceso necroinflamatoriodel hígado causado por una noxa puntual. Analíticamente se manifiesta por un aumento de las transaminasas y la presentaciónclínica puede ser variable (de formas subclínicas a insuficienciahepática aguda). El estudio de hepatitis incluye pruebas para valorar el grado de alteración fisiológica y para identificar su etiología. La causa más frecuente son las infecciones víricas.Caso clínico. Paciente de 8 años con familia originaria de Pakistán,de donde vuelve poco antes de iniciar la clínica. Presenta abdominalgia, diarrea, fiebre, coluria y acolia. En la exploración físicadestaca ictericia cutánea-mucosa, esplenomegalia y hepatomegalia leves. En la analítica presenta aumento de transaminasas y bilirrubina directa. Se ingresa para estudio y tratamiento sintomático. En las serologías se obtiene un resultado positivo a virus dela hepatitis E.Comentarios. El virus de la hepatitis E (VHE) es un virus RNA quepertenece a la familia Herpesviridae. La caracterización molecularha permitido identificar cuatro genotipos: HVE1 y HVE2 infectanúnicamente a humanos y son predominantes en países en vías dedesarrollo. HVE3 y HVE4 infectan también a otros mamíferos. Sonresponsables de los casos esporádicos a nivel mundial. La mayoríade infecciones son asintomáticas en pacientes inmunocompetentes, pero de mayor riesgo en pacientes inmunodeprimidos por elmayor riesgo de cronificación. (AU)

Introduction. Acute hepatitis is a necroinflammatory process of theliver caused by isolated noxa. Its laboratory findings are characterized by an increase in liver transaminases, and the clinical presentation may be variable (from subclinical forms to acute liverfailure). The study of hepatitis includes tests to assess the degreeof physiological alteration and to identify its etiology. The mostcommon cause is viral infections.Clinical case. An 8-year-old patient who recently returned from atrip to Pakistan presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever,choluria and acholia. Physical examination revealed mild mucocutaneous jaundice, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Laboratoryevaluation showed an increase in liver transaminases and directbilirubin. He was admitted for diagnostic evaluation and symptomatic treatment. Serology for hepatitis E virus resulted positive.Comments. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an RNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. Molecular characterization has identified four genotypes, HVE 1-4. HVE1 and HVE2 infect only humans and are predominant in developing countries, whereas HVE3 and HVE4 alsoinfect other mammals. HVE is responsible for sporadic casesworldwide. Most infections are asymptomatic in immunocompetent patients but risk is higher in immunocompromised patientsdue to increased risk of chronicity. (AU)

Nurses' perception on competency requirement and training demand for intensive care nurses.

Objectives: Various authors have explored the combination of competencies necessary for ensuring safe and quality care carried out by nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Nurses' perception of training is an element that must be studied in order to adopt appropriate educational measures. This study aimed to evaluate nurses' perception of the importance of intensive care training in Spain. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study was conducted on a national level in Spain. Totally 85 ICUs took part in the study. The questionnaire used was developed using the Delphi method and had 66 items to investigate nurses' perception on competency requirements and training needs. The evaluation was conducted by a 10-point Likert scale. Results: The sample was 568 Spanish nurses. Significant differences were found on an academic level, in terms of gender and hospital type, and in the professional experience of the nurse when it comes to evaluating the different training items; the differences in overall questionnaire scores among these groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The nurses analyzed believe that previous training and professional experience in other care services are necessary before starting work in an ICU. Conclusion: Implementation of training programs tailored to the needs of critical nurses had benefits for nurses and the health system. Nurses benefited from training focused on the skills and knowledge of each moment of their working life. Nurses have a different evaluation of their training needs throughout their professional cycle. Therefore, their training must be adapted to the professional stage of each nurse.

The Need for Psychological Support of Health Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Influence on Their Work.

The aim of this research was to analyze how the need for psychological support of health workers (HCWs) influenced the beliefs, perceptions and attitudes towards their work during the COVID-19 pandemic and to predict the need of psychological assistance. A descriptive transversal study was conducted based on a self-administered questionnaire distributed to health professionals working in the Canary Islands, Spain. The data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test and the linear trend test. The correlation test between ordinal and frequency variables was applied using Kendall's Tau B. Multiple logistic regression was used to predict dichotomous variables. The sample included 783 health professionals: 17.8% (n = 139) of them needed psychological or psychiatric support. Being redeployed to other services influenced the predisposition to request psychological help, and HCWs who required psychological support had more negative attitudes and perceptions towards their work. After five waves of COVID-19, these HCWs reported to be physically, psychologically and emotionally exhausted or even "burned out"; they did not feel supported by their institutions. The commitment of health personnel to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic decreased after the five waves, especially among professionals who required psychological support.

The training needs of critical care nurses: A psychometric analysis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Nurses develop the care methods they learn through specific training and this enables them to provide care in a safe, effective and efficient manner. Intensive Care Units (ICU), as complex areas in terms of care, require nurses with specific training. Due to this fact, we set ourselves the objective to validate a questionnaire that detects the training needs of intensive care nurses in Spain. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study, using an electronic questionnaire, adapted and validated through the Delphi technique, in 85 ICUs in Spain, for which a psychometric analysis is conducted. To explore the dimensions and determine the factorial structure, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were carried out. Internal consistency was determined through ordinal alpha. The statistical treatment was carried out using the statistical programmes Factor Analysis 10.9.02 and IBM AMOS version 24. RESULTS: A total of 568 Spanish intensive care nurses, randomly divided into two samples, participated in the study. The EFA presented a factorial solution with suitable values for both the Kaiser-Meyer-Olsen Index and Bartlett's Sphericity. In the CFA, the model fit achieved close to ideal values with a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) close to values of 0.9. The values of individual reliability, internal consistency and average variance extracted were appropriate for this type of analysis. CONCLUSION: The dimensions detected are close to the construct that encompasses the training needs of ICU nurses. The analyses carried out indicate that there are reasonable realities for incorporating these dimensions into the field of nursing training. This study opens the possibility of incorporating new items to adjust the model to improve the explanatory variables. Our findings help us to understand the dimensions that the training programmes should incorporate.

Effectiveness of Semiocclusive Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Fibers and Hydrocolloid Dressings for Irritant Peristomal Dermatitis: A Case Series.

ABSTRACT: The most common complication in individuals with ostomies is irritant contact dermatitis from the acidic stoma effluent coming into contact with the peristomal skin. Although protective powders are widely used for the treatment of peristomal skin, there is little scientific evidence to justify their use. The combined use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose cellulose fibers (SCCFs) together with a hydrocolloid dressing for fixation is an effective alternative in the management of these wounds. Here, the authors report a case series of three patients presenting at a stoma therapy clinic with peristomal skin lesions because of severe irritant contact dermatitis. Patients were men aged between 70 and 81 years, had been diagnosed with colon cancer (n = 2) or bladder cancer (n = 1), and had undergone a colostomy (n = 1), ileostomy (n = 1), or Bricker-type ureteroileostomy (n = 1). A semiocclusive care protocol was applied in a moist environment using SCCF and an extrathin hydrocolloid adhesive dressing, and the collection device was secured using adhesive resin and an ostomy belt. The combined use of SCCF and hydrocolloid dressings provided beneficial results to treat the dermatitis, with reduced discomfort after 7 days and lesions healing within 4 weeks.

Pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study.

AIM: To provide data on the fears of pregnant women during the confinement period and to learn about the factors, which may have exacerbated fear in Spanish pregnant women during the pandemic. DESIGN: A cross-sectional observational and descriptive study. METHODS: An anonymous survey was carried out using virtual media in a pregnant population (aged ≥18 years) during the confinement period from 1 April to 1 May 2020. RESULTS: The total sample comprised of 62 individuals, with a mean age of 33.6 ± 3.6 years and a mean gestation time of 23.6 ± 9.8 weeks. All of the women used preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2. The most common preventive measures were social isolation (82.3%, n = 51) and frequent handwashing (69.4%, n = 43). The most common feeling was fear (29%, n = 18). The main fears were related to transplacental infection (27%, n = 16), loneliness during childbirth, and being separated from the newborn (27%, n = 16). In addition, 59.7% (n = 37) considered changing their child-rearing practices after the pandemic.

Recovery of Inflammation, Cardiac, and Muscle Damage Biomarkers After Running a Marathon.

ABSTRACT: Bernat-Adell, MD, Collado-Boira, EJ, Moles-Julio, P, Panizo-González, N, Martínez-Navarro, I, Hernando-Fuster, B, and Hernando-Domingo, C. Recovery of inflammation, cardiac and muscle damage biomarkers after running a marathon. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 626-632, 2021-Physical endurance sports conditions the increase of blood biomarkers responsible for the acute inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to observe the impact of intense physical exercise on these biomarkers and detect their recovery pattern. This is an experimental study of repeated measures (pre-post marathon). The biomarkers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TNT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed in a total of 86 runners, 24 hours before the marathon, immediately after finishing the race and at 24, 48, 96, and 144 postrace hours. The comparative analyses were performed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. The correlations between dependent and independent variables were analyzed using Spearman correlations. The data were processed through the IBM SPSS package, version 23. Significant value was p ≤ 0.05. The LDH increased and showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) for all times, compared with the initial LDH value, normalizing after 192 hours (p = 0.667) (effect size [ES], r = 0.807). The CK increased and showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) (ES, r = 0.975) up to 96 hours afterward, normalizing after 144 hours. The hs-TNT presented an increase and showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) between the pre-post race times, 24 and 48 hours, normalizing after 96 hours, although it showed a new significant value at 192 hours (p ≤ 0.001) (ES, r = 0.519). The CRP increased and showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) between the pre-post race times, at 24, 48, 96, 144, and 192 hours after race. The recovery after alterations produced by the marathon varies according to the biomarker. Blood levels of biomarkers decrease with longer race times. Greater energy expenditure increases the blood levels of LDH, CK, and hs-TNT.

Efectividad de los productos empleados en la prevención de la radiodermatitis en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Revisión sistemática / Effectiveness of the products used in the prevention of radiodermatitis in patients with breast cancer. A systematic review

INTRODUCCIÓN: La radioterapia es uno de los tratamientos más utilizados en los pacientes paliativos, siendo la radiodermatitis el efecto secundario más frecuente de la radioterapia, afectando a un 85-95 % de los pacientes con cáncer sometidos a este tratamiento. OBJETIVO: el propósito de esta revisión es identificar aquellos productos con mayor eficacia en la prevención de la radiodermatitis en los pacientes con cáncer de mama. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados sobre la prevención de la radiodermatitis en pacientes con cáncer de mama en tratamiento radioterápico no concomitante, recopilados en las bases de datos PubMed, Lilacs, CINHAL, Trip Databases y Proquest Health & Medical Complete, publicados en los últimos seis años (2021 a 2018) en lengua inglesa y española. RESULTADOS: Los productos que fueron efectivos en la prevención de la radiodermatis son: la glutamina enteral, la curcumina oral, los apósitos de fi lm transparente, la sulfadiazina de plata, la película o la crema de barrera con polimeros, el furoato de mometasona, la crema con hidrocortisona al 1 %, la crema con melatonina y la crema con factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGF). Se desaconseja el uso del ácido hialurónico y del aloe vera. No mejoró la radiodermatitis con el empleo de cremas hidratantes, caléndula, boswellia, alantoína y el aceite de emú. CONCLUSIONES: En la prevención de la dermatitis por radioterapia, es efectivo el empleo de productos cuya finalidad sea la protección de la piel, como los apósitos tipo fi lm y las cremas o películas con barrera de polímeros. Además de productos potenciadores del sistema inmunitario (glutamina enteral) y productos con propiedades antioxidantes (curcumila oral, la crema de melatonina o el factor de crecimiento epidérmico), otros productos, como los corticoides y los antibióticos tópicos, son efectivos pero su uso a largo plazo conlleva efectos secundarios

INTRODUCTION: Radiotherapy is one of the most widely used treatments in palliative patients, with radiodermatitis being the most frequent side effect of radiation therapy, affecting 85-95 % of cancer patients undergoing this treatment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to identify the products with greater efficacy in the prevention of radiodermatitis in patients with breast cancer. METHODOLOGY: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials on the prevention of radiodermatitis in patients with breast cancer receiving non-concomitant radiotherapym was performed. The studies were collected from the PubMed, Lilacs, CINHAL, Trip, and Proquest Health & Medical Complete databases, and included those published in the last 6 years (2021 to 2018) either in English or Spanish. RESULTS: Products effective in preventing radiodermatis included: enteral glutamine, oral curcumin, clear film dressings, silver sulfadiazine, polymer barrier film or cream, mometasone furoate, cream with 1 % hydrocortisone, melatonin cream, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) cream. The use of hyaluronic acid and aloe vera is not recommended. Radiodermatitis did not improve with the use of moisturizers, calendula, boswellia, allantoin, or emu oil. CONCLUSIONS: In the prevention of dermatitis by radiotherapy, the use of products whose purpose is to protect the skin, such as film-type dressings and creams, or films with polymer barriers, is effective. In addition to immune system enhancing products (enteral glutamine), and to products with antioxidant properties (oral curcumilla, melatonin cream or epidermal growth factor), other products such as corticosteroids and topical antibiotics are effective, but their long-term use is associated with side effects

Afectación de la calidad de vida y del nivel de somnolencia en enfermeras / Impact on the quality of life and in the level of sleepiness in nurses

INTRODUCCIÓN: La turnicidad es un factor de riesgo para la salud, ya que interfiere en la calidad de vida, tanto desde el punto de vista personal como laboral. Las enfermeras representan un grupo de riesgo, puesto que gran parte de este colectivo trabaja a turnos. OBJETIVO: Describir la calidad de vida y nivel de somnolencia en enfermeras. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el Hospital General Universitario de Castellón a las enfermeras asistenciales. Se calculó una muestra de 157 enfermeras. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida Profesional y el Cuestionario de Somnolencia Diurna de Epworth, ambos autoadministrados y de respuesta voluntaria. Se realizaron análisis univariados y bivariados. Las diferencias se exploraron con el estadístico T de Student y Anova; las correlaciones, con el estadístico de Pearson. Se aceptó un nivel de significación p≤0,05. RESULTADOS: La calidad de vida global percibida fue valorada con un 6,13 sobre 10. La mayoría de profesionales eran interinos, y estos mostraban ser los más afectados. Enfermeras con relación contractual fija mostraron una mayor calidad de vida. Las enfermeras con mayor experiencia fueron más autónomas y libres. El nivel de somnolencia diurna también resultó negativamente afectado. CONCLUSIONES. La calidad de vida de las enfermeras resultó influenciada de forma significativa por el sexo, la edad, la situación laboral, el servicio, el turno y los años trabajados, además del nivel de somnolencia diurna que resultó negativamente afectado

BACKGROUND: Turnicity is a risk factor for health as it interferes with quality of life both personally and at work. Nurses represent a risk group, since much of them works on shifts. AIM: To describe the quality of life and the drowsiness' level of the nurses. METHODS: Observational, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study has been carried out. This study has been done at the General University Hospital of Castellón. An adjusted sample of 157 nurses has been calculated. The selected measuring instruments have been the Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Epworth Drowsiness Questionnaire. Both went self-administered and voluntarily answered. Descriptive and bivariate analyzes were carried out. In addition, the Pearson correlation coefficient was also applied. A level of statistical significance p≤0.05 was accepted. RESULTS: It was obtained that the overall quality of life that the nurses perceived is scored with 6.13 out of 10. Most of the nurses were interim, and they showed that they were the most affected. Nurses with a fixed contractual relationship showed a higher quality of life. Nurses with more experience were more autonomous and freer. The level of daytime sleepiness is affected by different factors. CONCLUSIONS: With the results obtained, it is concluded that the quality of life of nurses is significantly influenced by sex, age, work situation, service, shift and years worked, in addition to the level of daytime sleepiness present

Psychometric Evaluation of a Rubric to Assess Basic Performance During Simulation in Nursing.

AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of a rubric to assess nursing student performance in medium- and low-fidelity simulation. METHOD: A psychometric study was carried out. Content validity was explored by a group of experts. Internal consistency was determined by means of Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Interrater agreement and the level of concordance were established by the kappa coefficient and intraclass correlation index. RESULTS: The relevance of the dimensions and the definition of each category scored higher than 3.25 on a Likert-type scale (maximum value of 4); content validity ratio values were close to +1. The kappa index was above 0.61 (p < .001) in all dimensions, thereby indicating a good level of interrater agreement; the intraclass correlation index showed values above .82 (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The rubric appears to be psychometrically sound, thus supporting its reliability.

The nucleotide-bound/substrate-bound conformation of the Mycoplasma genitalium DnaK chaperone.

Hsp70 chaperones keep protein homeostasis facilitating the response of organisms to changes in external and internal conditions. Hsp70s have two domains-nucleotide binding domain (NBD) and substrate binding domain (SBD)-connected by a conserved hydrophobic linker. Functioning of Hsp70s depend on tightly regulated cycles of ATP hydrolysis allosterically coupled, often together with cochaperones, to the binding/release of peptide substrates. Here we describe the crystal structure of the Mycoplasma genitalium DnaK (MgDnaK) protein, an Hsp70 homolog, in the noncompact, nucleotide-bound/substrate-bound conformation. The MgDnaK structure resembles the one from the thermophilic eubacteria DnaK trapped in the same state. However, in MgDnaK the NBD and SBD domains remain close to each other despite the lack of direct interaction between them and with the linker contacting the two subdomains of SBD. These observations suggest that the structures might represent an intermediate of the protein where the conserved linker binds to the SBD to favor the noncompact state of the protein by stabilizing the SBDß-SBDα subdomains interaction, promoting the capacity of the protein to sample different conformations, which is critical for proper functioning of the molecular chaperone allosteric mechanism. Comparison of the solved structures indicates that the NBD remains essentially invariant in presence or absence of nucleotide.