RESUMEN
Rubella virus (RV) infection during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects, known as the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In 2003, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) adopted a resolution calling for the elimination of rubella and the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the Americas by the year 2010. Brazil will have implemented the recommended PAHO strategy for elimination and interruption of endemic rubella virus transmission. The characterization of genotypes during the final stages of rubella elimination is important for determining whether new rubella isolates represent endemic transmission or importations. Samples (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and throat swabs) collected from patients with symptoms suggestive of rubella infection in 1997-2004 were isolated in cell culture and genotyped. Twenty-eight sequences were analyzed and two genotypes were identified: 1a and 1G. The information reported in this paper will contribute to understanding the molecular epidemiology of RV in São Paulo, Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Rubéola/clasificación , Virus de la Rubéola/genética , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/epidemiología , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Análisis por Conglomerados , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Embarazo , ARN Viral/genética , Estudios Retrospectivos , Virus de la Rubéola/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Cultivo de Virus , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Rubella virus (RV) is an important human pathogen that causes rubella, an acute contagious disease. It also causes severe birth defects collectively known as congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy. Here, we present the phylogenetic analysis of RV that circulated in São Paulo during the 2007-2008 outbreak. Samples collected from patients diagnosed with rubella were isolated in cell culture and sequenced. RV RNA was obtained from samples or RV-infected cell cultures and amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Sequences were assigned to genotypes by phylogenetic analysis using RV reference sequences. Seventeen sequences were analyzed, and three genotypes were identified: 1a, 1G, and 2B. Genotypes 1a and 1G, which were isolated in 2007, were responsible for sporadic rubella cases in São Paulo. Thereafter, in late 2007, the epidemiological conditions changed, resulting in a large RV outbreak with the clear dominance of genotype 2B. The results of this study provide new approaches for monitoring the progress of elimination of rubella from São Paulo, Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Filogenia , Virus de la Rubéola/clasificación , Virus de la Rubéola/genética , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/epidemiología , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Preescolar , Análisis por Conglomerados , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Epidemiología Molecular , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Virus de la Rubéola/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Cultivo de Virus , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Rubella virus (RV) infection has sporadically been linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), but the association with RV has been based only on clinical and/or serological backgrounds. In the present case it was possible to isolate RV (genotype 1a) from cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an 18-year-old woman diagnosed with GBS after clinical manifestations of rubella. This report contributes to confirm RV as one of the triggering pathogens of this peripheral nervous system disease.
