Exploring the role of ChatGPT in patient care (diagnosis and treatment) and medical research: A systematic review.

Background: ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence based tool developed by OpenAI (California, USA). This systematic review examines the potential of ChatGPT in patient care and its role in medical research. Methods: The systematic review was done according to the PRISMA guidelines. Embase, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar data bases were searched. We also searched preprint data bases. Our search was aimed to identify all kinds of publications, without any restrictions, on ChatGPT and its application in medical research, medical publishing and patient care. We used search term "ChatGPT". We reviewed all kinds of publications including original articles, reviews, editorial/ commentaries, and even letter to the editor. Each selected records were analysed using ChatGPT and responses generated were compiled in a table. The word table was transformed in to a PDF and was further analysed using ChatPDF. Results: We reviewed full texts of 118 articles. ChatGPT can assist with patient enquiries, note writing, decision-making, trial enrolment, data management, decision support, research support, and patient education. But the solutions it offers are usually insufficient and contradictory, raising questions about their originality, privacy, correctness, bias, and legality. Due to its lack of human-like qualities, ChatGPT's legitimacy as an author is questioned when used for academic writing. ChatGPT generated contents have concerns with bias and possible plagiarism. Conclusion: Although it can help with patient treatment and research, there are issues with accuracy, authorship, and bias. ChatGPT can serve as a "clinical assistant" and be a help in research and scholarly writing.

Current trends in laparoscopic groin hernia repair: A review.

Hernia is a common problem of the modern world with its incidence more in developing countries. Inguinal hernia is the most common groin hernia repaired worldwide. With advancement in technology operative techniques of repair have also evolved. A PubMed and COCHRANE database search was accomplished in this regard to establish the current status of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in view of recent published literature. Published literature support that laparoscopic hernia repair is best suited for recurrent and bilateral inguinal hernia although it may be offered for primary inguinal hernia if expertise is available.

Left-sided transmesocolic herniation of small bowel in an otherwise unaffected abdomen.

Transmesocolic hernia is an uncommon type of internal hernia with incidence ranging from approximately 5-10%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a transmesocolic hernia through a gap within the descending mesocolon presenting clinically as an intestinal obstruction. A 75-year-old man was admitted with clinical features of intestinal obstruction. An abdominal X-ray showed multiple small bowel loops with air fluid levels. Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen revealed small bowel obstruction not only on the right, but also on the left side of the collapsed descending colon. Emergency surgery was performed. Strangulated bowel loops with gangrenous changes were resected and double-barrel ileostomy was carried out. The postoperative period was uneventful. Restoration of bowel was performed after 6 weeks. Preoperative diagnosis of bowel obstruction caused by a transmesocolic hernia remains difficult despite the currently available imaging techniques. Prompt surgery can prevent serious complications such as peritonitis and sepsis.

Penile strangulation due to plastic bottle neck: a surgical emergency.

Use of various metallic and non-metallic constricting objects on the external male genitalia for increasing sexual performance or because of autoerotic intentions is an unusual practice that can potentially lead to penile strangulation with severe consequences. Depending on the type of constricting material, emergency removal of such an object is a challenge. We report a case of a 45-year-old man who presented to our hospital with a hard plastic bottle neck at the base of his penis that led to penile strangulation. The constricting agent was successfully removed. The patient had an uneventful recovery.

Solid pseudopapillary tumour of pancreas.

Solid pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm (1%). This tumour primarily affects young women and is usually treated with surgical resection with a relatively favourable prognosis. We report an 18-year-old female patient presenting with moderate grade abdominal pain for 5 weeks. Abdominal examination revealed a lump palpable in the right upper abdomen. Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen reported soft tissue lesion arising from uncinate process of pancreas causing adjacent compression. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy yielded a cellular sample comprising pseudopapillary arrangement with bland appearing tumour cells consistent with benign neoplasm. And because of unusual location, Whipple procedure was performed. The patient was discharged under satisfactory conditions. Final histology confirmed the diagnosis. Solid pseudopapillary tumours of the pancreas are a rare but treatable pancreatic tumour. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice and can be achieved through an open or minimal access technique.