Encuesta española de reanimación neonatal 5 años después. ¿Vamos mejorando? / Five years after the Spanish neonatal resuscitation survey. Are we improving?

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se analizan prácticas de reanimación neonatal en salas de partos (SP) de centros hospitalarios españoles. MÉTODOS: Se envió un cuestionario por centro a neonatólogos responsables de la atención del RN en SP de hospitales españoles. RESULTADOS: De 180 cuestionarios enviados, se cumplimentaron 155 (86%); 71 centros fueron de nivel I-II(46%) y 84 de nivel III (54%). La familia y el equipo médico participaron en decisiones de no reanimar o interrumpir la reanimación en el 74,2% de los centros. La disponibilidad de 2 o más reanimadores fue del 80% (94,0% en nivel II I y 63,9% en nivel I-II, p < 0,001). En un 90,3% de centros se realizan cursos de Reanimación. En centros de nivel III fueron más frecuentes los mezcladores de gases, pulsioxímetros, ventiladores manuales y envoltorios de plástico. El uso de envoltorios de polietileno fue del 63,9%. En RN a término se inició la reanimación con aire en el 89,7% de los centros. El dispositivo más usado para aplicar VPP fue el «ventilador manual» (78,6% en nivel III y 42,3% en nivel I-II, p < 0,001). En el 91,7% de los centros de nivel III se utilizó CPAP precoz en prematuros. En los últimos 5 años han mejorado prácticas como son la formación de profesionales, el uso de pulsioxímetros y de CPAP precoz. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una mejora progresiva en algunas prácticas de reanimación neonatal. Se encuentran diferencias en aspectos generales, equipamientos y protocolos de actuación durante la reanimación y transporte entre unidades de diferentes niveles

INTRODUCTION: An analysis is presented of delivery room (DR) neonatal resuscitation practices in Spanish hospitals. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent by e-mail to all hospitals attending deliveries in Spain. RESULTS: A total of 180 questionnaires were sent, of which 155 were fully completed (86%). Less than half (71, 46%) were level I or II hospitals, while 84 were level III hospital (54%). In almost three-quarters (74.2%) of the centres, parents and medical staff were involved in the decision on whether to start resuscitation or withdraw it. A qualified resuscitation team (at least two members) was available in 80% of the participant centres (63.9% level I-II, and 94.0% level III,P<.001). Neonatal resuscitation courses were held in 90.3% of the centres. The availability of gas blenders, pulse oximeters, manual ventilators, and plastic wraps was higher in level IIIhospitals. Plastic wraps for pre-term hypothermia prevention were used in 63.9% of the centres (40.8% level I-IIand 83.3% level III, P<.001). Term newborn resuscitation was started on room air in 89.7% of the centres. A manual ventilator (T-piece) was the device used in most cases when ventilation was required (42.3% level I-IIand 78.6% level III, P<.001). Early CPAP in preterm infants was applied in 91.7% of the tertiary hospitals. In last 5 years some practices have improved, such neonatal resuscitation training, pulse oximeter use, or early CPAP support. CONCLUSIONS: There is an improvement in some practices of neonatal resuscitation. Significant differences have been found as regards the equipment or practices in the DR, when comparing hospitals of different levels of care

[Five years after the Spanish neonatal resuscitation survey. Are we improving?]. / Encuesta española de reanimación neonatal 5 años después. ¿Vamos mejorando?

INTRODUCTION: An analysis is presented of delivery room (DR) neonatal resuscitation practices in Spanish hospitals. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent by e-mail to all hospitals attending deliveries in Spain. RESULTS: A total of 180 questionnaires were sent, of which 155 were fully completed (86%). Less than half (71, 46%) were level i or ii hospitals, while 84 were level iii hospital (54%). In almost three-quarters (74.2%) of the centres, parents and medical staff were involved in the decision on whether to start resuscitation or withdraw it. A qualified resuscitation team (at least two members) was available in 80% of the participant centres (63.9% level i-ii, and 94.0% level iii, P<.001). Neonatal resuscitation courses were held in 90.3% of the centres. The availability of gas blenders, pulse oximeters, manual ventilators, and plastic wraps was higher in level iii hospitals. Plastic wraps for pre-term hypothermia prevention were used in 63.9% of the centres (40.8% level i-iiand 83.3% level iii, P<.001). Term newborn resuscitation was started on room air in 89.7% of the centres. A manual ventilator (T-piece) was the device used in most cases when ventilation was required (42.3% level i-iiand 78.6% level iii, P<.001). Early CPAP in preterm infants was applied in 91.7% of the tertiary hospitals. In last 5 years some practices have improved, such neonatal resuscitation training, pulse oximeter use, or early CPAP support. CONCLUSIONS: There is an improvement in some practices of neonatal resuscitation. Significant differences have been found as regards the equipment or practices in the DR, when comparing hospitals of different levels of care.

Evidence for homoploid speciation in Phytophthora alni supports taxonomic reclassification in this species complex.

Alder decline has been a problem along European watercourses since the early 1990s. Hybridization was identified as the main cause of this emerging disease. Indeed, the causal agent, a soil-borne pathogen named Phytophthora alni subsp. alni (Paa) is the result of interspecific hybridization between two taxa, Phytophthora alni subsp. multiformis (Pam) and Phytophthora alni subsp. uniformis (Pau), initially identified as subspecies of Paa. The aim of this work was to characterize the ploidy level within the P. alni complex that is presently poorly understood. For that, we used two complementary approaches for a set of 31 isolates of Paa, Pam and Pau: (i) quantification of allele copy number of three single-copy nuclear genes using allele-specific real-time PCR and (ii) comparison of the genome size estimated by flow cytometry. Relative quantification of alleles of the three single-copy genes showed that the copy number of a given allele in Paa was systematically half that of its parents Pau or Pam. Moreover, DNA content estimated by flow cytometry in Paa was equal to half the sum of those in Pam and Pau. Our results therefore suggest that the hybrid Paa is an allotriploid species, containing half of the genome of each of its parents Pam and Pau, which in turn are considered to be allotetraploid and diploid, respectively. Paa thus results from a homoploid speciation process. Based on published data and on results from this study, a new formal taxonomic name is proposed for the three taxa Paa, Pam and Pau which are raised to species status and renamed P. ×alni, P. ×multiformis and P. uniformis, respectively.

Primer estudio piloto en España sobre el cribado neonatal de las inmunodeficiencias primarias: TRECS y KRECS identifican linfopenias T y B graves / A first pilot study on the neonatal screening of primary immunodeficiencies in Spain: TRECS and KRECS identify severe T- and B-cell lymphopenia

INTRODUCCIÓN: El diagnóstico precoz de inmunodeficiencias primarias, como la inmunodeficiencia combinada grave (IDCG) y la agammaglobulinemia ligada al cromosoma X (ALX), mejora el pronóstico de los ni˜nos afectados. La medida de los T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECS) y kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECS) puede identificar neonatos con linfopenias T y/o B graves. OBJETIVO: Cuantificar los niveles de TRECS y de KRECS de manera prospectiva a partir de muestras de sangre seca de talón para identificar de manera correcta linfopenias T y/o B. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Determinación de TRECS y de KRECS mediante reacción en cadena de polimerasa multiplex en neonatos nacidos entre febrero y mayo del 2014. Los puntos de corte empleados fueron: TRECS < 15 copias/_l, KRECS < 10 copias/_l, ACTB (_-actina) > 1.000 copias/_l. Se incluyeron controles internos (ALX, ataxia) y externos (IDCG). RESULTADOS: Fueron analizadas 1.068 muestras de las 1.088 recogidas (edad gestacional media: 39 semanas [38-40]; peso al nacer medio 3.238 g [2.930-3.520]). La media (mediana, min/máx) copias/_l obtenidas fueron las siguientes; TRECS 145 (132, 8/503), KRECS 82 (71, 7/381) y ACTB 2838 (2763, 284/7710). Veinte muestras (1,87%) fueron insuficientes para el análisis. El retest fue necesario en un neonato (0,09%), confirmándose resultados normales posteriormente. Empleando puntos de corte inferiores (TREC < 8 y KREC < 4 copias/_l), todas las muestras resultaron normales y se identificaron los controles internos y externos correctamente. CONCLUSIÓN: Es el primer estudio prospectivo realizado en Espa˜na usando el ensayo TREC/KREC/ACTB para identificar linfopenias graves. Es necesario establecer puntos de corte adecuados para nuestra población, mejorar la toma de muestras, su almacenamiento y la preparación de las mismas

INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) improves outcome of affected infants/children. The measurement of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECS) and kappadeleting recombination excision circles (KRECS) can identify neonates with severe T or B-cell lymphopenia. OBJECTIVES: To determine TRECS and KRECS levels from prospectively collected dried blood spot samples (DBS) and to correctly identify severe T and B-cell lymphopenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Determination of TRECS and KRECS by multiplex PCR from neonates born in two tertiary hospitals in Seville between February 2014 and May 2014. PCR cut-off levels: TRECS<15 copies/_l, KRECS<10copies/_l, ACTB (_-actin)>1000 copies/_l. Internal (XLA, ataxia telangiectasia) and external (SCID) controls were included. RESULTS: A total of 1068 out of 1088 neonates (mean GA 39 weeks (38-40) and BW 3238 g (2930-3520) were enrolled in the study. Mean (median, min/max) copies/_l, were as follows: TRECS 145 (132, 8/503), KRECS 82 (71, 7/381), and ACTB 2838 (2763, 284/7710). Twenty samples (1.87%) were insufficient. Resampling was needed in one neonate (0.09%), subsequently giving a normal result. When using lower cut-offs (TRECS<8 and KRECS<4 copies/_l), all the samples tested were normal and the internal and external controls were correctly identified. CONCLUSION: This is the first prospective pilot study in Spain using TRECS/KRECS/ACTB-assay, describing the experience and applicability of this method to identify severe lymphopenias. The ideal cut-off remains to be established in our population. Quality of sampling, storage and preparation need to be further improved

[A first pilot study on the neonatal screening of primary immunodeficiencies in Spain: TRECS and KRECS identify severe T- and B-cell lymphopenia]. / Primer estudio piloto en España sobre el cribado neonatal de las inmunodeficiencias primarias: TRECS y KRECS identifican linfopenias T y B graves.

INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) improves outcome of affected infants/children. The measurement of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECS) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECS) can identify neonates with severe T or B-cell lymphopenia. OBJECTIVES: To determine TRECS and KRECS levels from prospectively collected dried blood spot samples (DBS) and to correctly identify severe T and B-cell lymphopenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Determination of TRECS and KRECS by multiplex PCR from neonates born in two tertiary hospitals in Seville between February 2014 and May 2014. PCR cut-off levels: TRECS<15 copies/µl, KRECS<10 copies/µl, ACTB (ß-actin)>1000 copies/µl. Internal (XLA, ataxia telangiectasia) and external (SCID) controls were included. RESULTS: A total of 1068 out of 1088 neonates (mean GA 39 weeks (38-40) and BW 3238g (2930-3520) were enrolled in the study. Mean (median, min/max) copies/µl, were as follows: TRECS 145 (132, 8/503), KRECS 82 (71, 7/381), and ACTB 2838 (2763, 284/7710). Twenty samples (1.87%) were insufficient. Resampling was needed in one neonate (0.09%), subsequently giving a normal result. When using lower cut-offs (TRECS<8 and KRECS<4 copies/µl), all the samples tested were normal and the internal and external controls were correctly identified. CONCLUSION: This is the first prospective pilot study in Spain using TRECS/KRECS/ACTB-assay, describing the experience and applicability of this method to identify severe lymphopenias. The ideal cut-off remains to be established in our population. Quality of sampling, storage and preparation need to be further improved.

Adaptación de las recomendaciones internacionales sobre reanimación neonatal 2010: comentarios / Changes in the international recommendations on neonatal resuscitation, 2010: comments

Desde la publicación de las últimas recomendaciones ILCOR del 2005, los cambios más significativos que se han implementado en las del 2010 son los siguientes: valoración del recién nacido mediante 2 características vitales (frecuencia cardiaca y respiración) para decidir inicialmente el siguiente paso en la reanimación; evaluación de la oxigenación mediante monitorización por pulsioximetría (el color no es fiable); inicio de la reanimación con aire en el recién nacido a término en lugar de oxígeno al 100%; uso de mezcladores de oxígeno y aire para administrar oxígeno suplementario en caso de necesidad; controversia en la aspiración endotraqueal en recién nacidos deprimidos con aguas meconiales; la proporción de ventilación compresión sigue siendo de 3/1, excepto en la parada cardiorrespiratoria de origen cardiaco, en que se debería considerar una proporción más alta; indicación de hipotermia terapéutica en recién nacidos a término o casi término diagnosticados de encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica moderada o grave con protocolos y seguimiento coordinados por el sistema regional perinatal (cuidados posreanimación); retraso de al menos 1 min en la ligadura del cordón umbilical de recién nacidos que no requieren reanimación (no existe suficiente evidencia para recomendar un tiempo de ligadura de cordón en aquellos que requieren reanimación), y si no se detecta latido cardiaco después de 10 min de una correcta reanimación, se acepta desde un punto de vista ético, la posibilidad de interrumpir la reanimación, aunque muchos factores contribuyen a la decisión de seguir más allá de 10 min. En determinadas situaciones, no iniciar la reanimación se puede plantear teniendo en cuenta las recomendaciones generales, los resultados propios y la opinión de los padres (AU)

Since previous publication in 2005, the most significant changes that have been addressed in the 2010 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) recommendations are as follows: (I) use of 2 vital characteristics (heart rate and breathing) to initially evaluate progression to the following step in resuscitation; (II) oximetry monitoring for the evaluation of oxygenation (assessment of color is unreliable); (III) for babies born at term it is better to start resuscitation with air rather than 100% oxygen; (IV) administration of supplementary oxygen should be regulated by blending oxygen and air; (V) controversy about endotraqueal suctioning of depressed infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid; (VI) chest compression-ventilation ratio should remain at 3/1 for neonates unless the arrest is known to be of cardiac etiology, in which case a higher ratio should be considered; (VII)use of therapeutic hypothermia for infants born at term or near term evolving to moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, with protocol and follow-up coordinated through a regional perinatal system (post-resuscitation management); (VIII) cord clamping delay for at least 1 minute in babies who do not require resuscitation (there is insufficient evidence to recommend a time for clamping in those who require resuscitation) and, (IX) it is appropriate to consider discontinuing resuscitation if there has been no detectable heart rate for 10 minutes, although many factors contribute to the decision to continue beyond 10 minutes. Under certain circumstances, non-initiation of resuscitation could be proposed taking into consideration general recommendations, own results and parents’ opinion (AU)

[Changes in the international recommendations on neonatal resuscitation, 2010: comments]. / Adaptación de las recomendaciones internacionales sobre reanimación neonatal 2010: comentarios.

Since previous publication in 2005, the most significant changes that have been addressed in the 2010 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) recommendations are as follows: (i) use of 2 vital characteristics (heart rate and breathing) to initially evaluate progression to the following step in resuscitation; (ii) oximetry monitoring for the evaluation of oxygenation (assessment of color is unreliable); (iii) for babies born at term it is better to start resuscitation with air rather than 100% oxygen; (iv) administration of supplementary oxygen should be regulated by blending oxygen and air; (v) controversy about endotraqueal suctioning of depressed infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid; (vi) chest compression-ventilation ratio should remain at 3/1 for neonates unless the arrest is known to be of cardiac etiology, in which case a higher ratio should be considered; (vii) use of therapeutic hypothermia for infants born at term or near term evolving to moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, with protocol and follow-up coordinated through a regional perinatal system (post-resuscitation management); (viii) cord clamping delay for at least 1 minute in babies who do not require resuscitation (there is insufficient evidence to recommend a time for clamping in those who require resuscitation) and, (ix) it is appropriate to consider discontinuing resuscitation if there has been no detectable heart rate for 10 minutes, although many factors contribute to the decision to continue beyond 10 minutes. Under certain circumstances, non-initiation of resuscitation could be proposed taking into consideration general recommendations, own results and parents' opinion.

A survey of neonatal resuscitation in Spain: gaps between guidelines and practice.

OBJECTIVES: To audit the knowledge and application of internationally recommended newborn resuscitation (NR) guidelines among delivery room (DR) caregivers of Spanish hospitals. METHODS: A questionnaire-type survey on NR equipment and practices was performed in hospitals of the Spanish National Health System classified according to level of care provided. RESULTS: 88% of the questionnaires were complimented. Limit of viability was set in 23-24 weeks in 78% of the centres. Availability of board-certified and instructors in NR was significantly higher in level III versus level I-II centres (94 vs. 70% and 78 vs. 51%, respectively). No differences in equipment or knowledge of guidelines of resuscitation were found between centres. Substantial differences were observed in supplementation and monitorization of oxygen, and positive pressure ventilation during resuscitation and transportation. CONCLUSION: Equipment availability and knowledge of guidelines of NR does not differ between hospitals independent of their level of care. However, performance during resuscitation and transportation in level III hospitals is in significantly greater acquaintance with internationally recommended NR guidelines.

Ecografía y TSID/DUE. Respuesta / No disponible

No disponible

Midline versus nonmidline laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty: a comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Nonmidline incisional hernia is a surgical problem of major interest, but to date, little information on this problem is available. This study aimed to analyze the results of nonmidline laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty in a multidisciplinary abdominal wall unit over the past 10 years. METHODS: This prospective study examined a series of 199 patients undergoing surgery for incisional hernia via the laparoscopic approach: 146 midline and 53 nonmidline. A comparative analysis compared midline and nonmidline defects, and a descriptive analysis compared four nonmidline types: 18 lumbar, 11 subcostal, 14 inguinal, and 10 lateral. Clinical and follow-up parameters were assessed during a mean follow-up period of 64 months (range, 12-120 months). RESULTS: The nonmidline incisional hernias were significantly larger, involved more preoperative pain, and required a longer hospital stay than the midline incisional hernias (p < 0.001). Also, the intraoperative complications and the consumption of analgesics were more frequent in the nonmidline group (p < 0.05). The postoperative morbidity and recurrence rates were similar in the two groups. No statistical differences were noted between the four types of nonmidline incisional hernias. The most common nonmidline type was lumbar hernia (34%). Hematomas (17%) predominated in the inguinal types, and pain predominated in the lumbar types. Two early recurrences were diagnosed for poor mesh placement: one subcostal and one lumbar. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty can be applied to nonmidline defects with the same rates of morbidity and recurrence as for patients with midline defects. The four types of nonmidline defects seem to have their own evolutionary characteristics.

Two-way ANOVA to identify impacts of multiple interactive behavioral factors on the neuronal population dependency during the reaching motion.

Brain neural activities interact with behaviors. The contribution of this paper is that we investigate the significance of the impacts of multiple behavioral factors: target direction (left or right) and obstacle (presence or absence), and their interaction on the dependency among a neuronal ensemble in the dorsal premotor (PMd) area of a monkey during a reaching motion. We first use bootstrapping to extract multiple resamples from successful trials. Then we use redundancy to measure dependency in each resample. We use ANOVA to investigate the significance of the impacts of these two behavioral factors and their interaction on the redundancy. The ANOVA shows that these two behavioral factors and their interaction have significant impacts on the single feature of neural activity. The same significance of impacts is identified in another neuronal ensemble assessed in another experimental session. Its biological explanation is given.

[Impact of a clinical pathway for the diabetic foot in a general hospital]. / Impacto de una vía clínica para el pie diabético en un hospital general.

OBJECTIVE: The ulcers, infections and isquemia of the foot are the main causes of hospitalisation of the diabetic patient and, very frequently, they are reason for the amputation of the limb. The objective of this investigation consists of evaluating the results of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway designed by the set of specialists of different departments from our hospital, as well as of the associated personnel of infirmary, implied in the management of this pathology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have analysed the evolution of a series of clinical and socio-economic indicators comparing, in the patients admitted with diagnose of complicated diabetic foot, the previous period to the implantation of the clinical pathway years 1998, 1999 and 2000) with the later period to this implantation (years 2001 and 2002). It is evaluated in each group: the percentage of greater and smaller amputations, mortality, the average stay, the percentage of readmitances in 30 days, the percentage of arteriographies, the percentage of patients controlled by rehabilitation, and the economic cost of the individual processes, as well as the global cost. In the group including in the clinical pathway it was carried out, in addition, a satisfaction survey. The statistical comparison was made by means of the Chi square test. RESULTS: We did not find differences as far as the average stay, nor to intrahospitable mortality. If we found a clear increase in the percentage of arteriographies (of the 3.5% passage to 13%), and in the percentage of patients controlled by rehabilitation (of the 19.8% passage to the 84.3%). The rate of greater amputations of the patients not including in the clinical pathway change from 17.4% to 9.7% after the implantation of this route. The rate of readmitances to 30 days diminished from 9.3 to 6,5%. The global economic cost and the average cost by patient have been inferior after the implantation of the clinical route. The survey of satisfaction of this last group offered a global satisfaction of 95%. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the approach to the diagnose and treatment on the complicated diabetic foot by means of this multidisciplinary clinical pathway improves the evolution of the hospitalised patient, diminishing the number of greater amputations, without extending the average stay and maintaining, or even diminishing, the global economic cost.

[Coverage of the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in those older than 64 years of age in the region of Castellon and Valencia, Spain]. / Cobertura de la vacuna antineumocócica 23-valente en los mayores de 64 años en el area de Castellón y Valencia.

The different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from adults aged over 64 years in the Valencia and Castellon health region of Spain from June 1999 to December 2003 were analyzed. A total of 163 strains were evaluated; 58.3% were invasive, 47.24% were from respiratory source, and 4.9% were from exudates. The greatest percentage of samples was obtained from the group of patients aged 65 to 75 years (60.7%), while the lowest percentage was obtained from the group of patients aged over 85 years (10.4%). In the latter group, 53% of the strains were invasive and 29.4% were isolated from sputum. A total of 21 serotypes were identified, with the most common (> 3%) being: serotype 3 (22.1%); serotype 19 (12.9%); serotype 6 (12.3%); serotype 9 (8.6%); serotype 14 (10.4%); serotype 23 (8%); serotype 29 (3.7%); and serotype 18 (3.1%). Serotype 3 was the most common serotype found in all samples, with the exception of exudate, while serotype 23 was not isolated in blood. In this population group, the coverage of the 23-valent vaccine was 88.4%. Serotypes not included in this vaccine but isolated from invasive samples were serotypes 16, 24, 29 and 35. No changes were observed in serotype distribution over the 4-year period of the study. However, it is necessary to continue epidemiological monitoring to determine whether serotype substitution occurs.

Impacto de una vía clínica para el pie diabético en un hospital general / Impact of a clinical pathway for the diabetic foot in a general hospital

Objetivo: Las úlceras, infecciones y la isquemia del pie son las principales causas de hospitalización del paciente diabético y con mucha frecuencia el motivo de la amputación del miembro inferior. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en evaluar los resultados de una vía clínica multidisciplinaria diseñada por el conjunto de especialistas de distintos departamentos de nuestro hospital, así como del personal de enfermería asociado, implicados en el tratamiento de esta patología. Pacientes y métodos: Hemos analizado la evolución de una serie de indicadores clínicos y socioeconómicos comparando, en los pacientes ingresados con el diagnóstico de pie diabético complicado, el periodo previo a la implantación de la vía clínica (años 1998, 1999 y 2000) con el periodo posterior a dicha implantación (años 2001 y 2002). Se evalúa en cada grupo: el porcentaje de amputaciones mayores y menores realizadas, la mortalidad intrahospitalaria, la estancia media, el porcentaje de reingresos en 30 días, el porcentaje de arteriografías realizadas, el porcentaje de pacientes controlados por rehabilitación, y el coste económico de los procesos individuales, así como el costo global. En el grupo incluido en la vía clínica se llevó a cabo además una encuesta de satisfacción. La comparación estadística se realizó mediante la Chi cuadrado. Resultados: No encontramos diferencias ni en la estancia media, ni en la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Si encontramos un claro aumento en el porcentaje de arteriografías (del 3,5 por ciento se paso al 13 por ciento) y en el porcentaje de pacientes controlados por rehabilitación (del 19,8 por ciento se paso al 84,3 por ciento).La tasa de amputaciones mayores de los pacientes no incluidos en la vía clínica paso de 17,4 por ciento a 9,7 por ciento tras la implantación de dicha vía. La tasa de reingresos a 30 días disminuyó de 9,3 a 6,5 por ciento. El coste económico global y el coste medio por paciente ha sido inferior tras la implantación de la vía clínica. La encuesta de satisfacción de este último grupo ofreció una satisfacción global del 95 por ciento. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la aproximación al diagnóstico y tratamiento al pie diabético complicado mediante esta vía clínica multidisciplinaria mejora la evolución del paciente hospitalizado, disminuyendo el número de amputaciones mayores, sin prolongarse la estancia media y manteniendo, o incluso disminuyendo, el coste económico global (AU)

[Pasteurella multocida infection of cavitated lung squamous carcinoma]. / Infección por Pasteurella multocida de un carcinoma escamoso de pulmón cavitado.

Pasteurella multocida has rarely been reported to cause lung disease in humans. Infection usually arises from bites or scratches from animal carriers of the pathogen. Cases of pneumonia, lung abscess, airway infection or infection of pre-existing bronchiectasis have been described, usually in individuals who are in direct contact with carrier animals and who have a chronic debilitating disease. It is unusual for P. multocida to be ingested and appear among oropharyngeal flora in humans. We report the first case published (Medline search 1966-2002) of a cavitated lung with squamous carcinoma that became infected by P. multocida in an elderly patient who denied contact with potential carrier animals. We believe that the P. multocida infection in humans is underdiagnosed because clinical suspicion is low and the bacterium is highly susceptible to common antibiotics.

Dispositivos de acceso venoso totalmenteimplantables para quimioterapia. Resultados y complicaciones / Totally implantable central venous access devices for chemotherapy. Results and complications

Objetivo. Presentar nuestra serie de pacientes a los que se ha implantado un dispositivo de acceso venoso totalmente implantable (DAVTI), sistema elegido, técnica y complicaciones. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo. Entre agosto de 1999 y marzo de 2002, 75 DAVTI fueron implantados en 73 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer para tratamiento quimioterápico. Se utilizó un sistema compuesto por reservorio de titanio de bajo perfil y catéter de silicona. La vía de acceso de elección fue la vena cefálica por disección en el surco deltopectoral. Se utilizó profilaxis antibiótica y antitrombótica. Resultados. Setenta y cinco dispositivos fueron implantados con una media de 251 ñ 201 días de uso, sumando 16.820 días in situ. En 45 pacientes se utilizó la vena cefálica. El procedimiento se realizó de forma ambulatoria en el 77 por ciento de los casos. Hubo 7 casos de complicación precoz (3 hematomas, 2 posiciones incorrectas del dispositivo, una infección local y un neumotórax) y 4 tardías (dolor con la infusión, un caso, y tres trombosis venosas). La tasa global de complicaciones fue de 0,65 episodios/1.000 días de uso. En 5 casos hubo que retirar el dispositivo por complicaciones. No hubo mortalidad relacionada con el procedimiento. Conclusión. Por su seguridad, eficacia, eficiencia e impacto en la calidad de vida, los DAVTI deben ser considerados como vía de acceso en los pacientes neoplásicos que precisan quimioterapia prolongada (AU)

Infección por Pasteurella multocidade un carcinoma escamoso de pulmón cavitado / Pasteurella multocida infection of cavitated lung squamous carcinoma

Pasteurella multocida raramente se ha descrito como productor de enfermedad pulmonar en humanos. Su infección suele producirse tras la mordedura o arañazo de animales portadores. Se han comunicado algunos casos de neumonías, abscesos pulmonares, infecciones de las vías aéreas superiores e infección de bronquiectasias preexistentes, habitualmente en individuos en contacto directo con animales portadores y afectados de patología crónica debilitante. Es excepcional que P. multocida aparezca como comensal en la flora orofaríngea humana. Presentamos el primer caso publicado (Medline, 19662002) de un carcinoma escamoso de pulmón cavitado e infectado por P. multocida en un individuo de avanzada edad que negó el contacto con animales potencialmente portadores. Pensamos que la infección pulmonar por P. multocida en humanos está infradiagnosticada debido a la baja sospecha clínica y por la excelente susceptibilidad de este microorganismo a los antibióticos comúnmente utilizados (AU)