Oligodendrocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia: the new players on stage.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders that share clinical, neuropathological and genetic features, which forms part of a multi-system disease spectrum. The pathological process leading to ALS and FTD is the result of the combination of multiple mechanisms that operate within specific populations of neurons and glial cells. The implication of oligodendrocytes has been the subject of a number of studies conducted on patients and related animal models. In this review we summarize our current knowledge on the alterations specific to myelin and the oligodendrocyte lineage occurring in ALS and FTD. We also consider different ways by which specific oligodendroglial alterations influence neurodegeneration and highlight the important role of oligodendrocytes in these two intrinsically associated neurodegenerative diseases.

Influencia de la sensibilidad, la calidad y la empatía en la satisfacción de proveedores de servicios de Internet

Este trabajo proporciona elementos para el desarrollo de un modelo conceptual del efecto que presentan la sensibilidad y la empatía sobre la percepción de calidad y la satisfacción, al momento de contratar a proveedores de servicios de internet en el sur del Estado de Quintana Roo, México. El objetivo del estudio es comprender cómo afecta la sensibilidad, la empatía y la calidad sobre la satisfacción de los clientes de los proveedores de servicios de Internet. Se utilizó la técnica de muestreo no probabilístico "bola de nieve" para integrar una muestra de 384 usuarios que proporcionaron información mediante la técnica de encuesta. Se desarrolló un modelo probado empíricamente utilizando el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar el impacto de las variables en la satisfacción. Los resultados muestran que la calidad del proveedor de internet se encuentra altamente influenciada por la empatía del personal y por la sensibilidad, todos estos factores inciden de manera directa y positiva en la satisfacción del cliente, siendo más importante el valor percibido de la empatía que puede afectar en la opinión del usuario, lo que es relevante porque ayuda a comprender por qué los clientes se quedan con un proveedor de servicios en particular. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL M31, L86

This research provides elements for the development of a conceptual model of the effect that sensitivity and empathy have on the perception of quality and satisfaction, when hiring internet service providers in the south of the State of Quintana Roo, Mexico. The objective of the study is to understand how sensitivity empathy and quality affect the satisfaction of customers of Internet service providers. The non-probabilistic "snowball" sampling technique was used to integrate a sample of 384 users who provided information through the survey technique. An empirically tested model was developed using the structural equation model to analyze the impact of variables on satisfaction. The results show that the quality of the Internet provider is highly influenced by the empathy of the staff and by the sensitivity all these factors directly and positively affect customer satisfaction, being more important the perceived value of empathy that can affect the opinion of the user which is relevant because it helps to understand why customers stay with a particular service provider. JEL CLASSIFICATION M3I, L86

Este artigo fornece elementos para o desenvolvimento de um modelo conceitual do efeito da sensibilidade e da empatia na percepção da qualidade e da satisfação ao contratar provedores de serviços de Internet no sul do estado de Quintana Roo, México. O objetivo do estudo é entender como a sensibilidade, a empatia e a qualidade afetam a satisfação do cliente com os provedores de serviços de Internet. A técnica de amostragem não probabilística "bola de neve" foi usada para integrar uma amostra de 384 usuários que forneceram informações por meio da técnica de pesquisa. Um modelo testado empiricamente foi desenvolvido usando modelagem de equação estrutural para analisar o impacto das variáveis na satisfação. Os resultados mostram que a qualidade do provedor de Internet é altamente influenciada pela empatia e pela capacidade de resposta da equipe, todas com impacto direto e positivo na satisfação do cliente, sendo que o valor percebido da empatia é mais importante e pode afetar a opinião do usuário, o que é relevante porque ajuda a entender por que os clientes permanecem com um determinado provedor de serviços. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL M31, L86

Recipient With Influenza A Infection: Contraindication to Transplant? A Case Report.

Active infections in recipients are considered an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation due to the risk of severe disease caused by the required immunosuppression. Even though viral infections, such as Influenza A, have been treated in liver transplant patients both in the immediate and late postoperative period with favorable outcomes, no cases of prediagnosed Influenza A have been described in which the decision to proceed with the indication had to be made. In certain viral infections, like Influenza A, the paucisymptomatic state and the availability of appropriate treatment could open the door to performing liver transplants with positive results.

Single-Step Protocol for Isolating the Recombinant Extracellular Domain of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor from the Ovis aries Testis.

The luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) is a glycoprotein member of the G protein-coupled receptors superfamily. It participates in corpus luteum formation and ovulation in females and acts in testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis in males. In this study, we extracted RNA from sheep testicles and synthetized the cDNA to amplify the gene lhr-bed. This gene consists of 762 bp and encodes 273 amino acids of the extracellular domain of LHR. The lhr-bed was cloned into pJET1.2/blunt, then subcloned into pCOLD II, and finally, transformed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Because the induced rLHR-Bed protein was found in the insoluble fraction, we followed a modified purification protocol involving induction at 25 °C, subjection to denaturing conditions, and on-column refolding to increase solubility. We confirmed rLHR-Bed expression by means of Western blot and mass spectrometry analysis. It is currently known that the structure stem-loop 5'UTR on pCOLD II vector is stable at 15 °C. We predicted and obtained RNAfold stability at 25 °C. We successfully obtained the recombinant LHR extracellular domain, with protein yields of 0.2 mg/L, and purity levels of approximately 90%, by means of a single chromatographic purification step. The method described here may be used to obtain large quantities of rLHR-Bed in the future.

Primary Graft Dysfunction: Factor V's Value for Its Early Diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Primary graft dysfunction is a common postoperative complication, lacking consensus regarding diagnostic criteria. Olthoff criteria are the most used, based on blood parameters in the first 7 postoperative days. This lack of consensus and late diagnosis evidence the need of early parameters. This study proposes factor V (FV) as a marker in the first 3 postoperative days for primary graft dysfunction. METHODS: Within a 500-patient database, 27 patients with graft loss in the first 90 days were chosen and compared with a group of 54 patients composed of the immediately preceding and following transplant to each case. Through receiver operating characteristic curves, FV and maximum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) predictive value on the first 3 postoperative days were assessed. The best threshold value was selected according to the Youden index. RESULTS: FV was significantly higher in the control group, with second postoperative day as the highest discriminative one (area under the curve = 0.893). In addition, a cutoff point of FV 37.50 exhibited a specificity of 92% and sensibility of 69% in predicting allograft failure in the first 3 months. GPT showed a lower validity with area under the curve = 0.77, and a GPT of 1539 presented a specificity of 82% and sensibility of 67%. Combining FV < 37.5 and GPT > 1539, a specificity of 98% and sensibility of 55% was reached. CONCLUSIONS: FV could postulate as an early marker of primary graft dysfunction because of its high specificity despite having a lower sensibility. With de association of FV and GPT the maximum specificity for predicting graft loss in the first 3 months was reached, becoming a promising parameter for further analysis.

Muscle cells of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients secrete neurotoxic vesicles.

BACKGROUND: The cause of the motor neuron (MN) death that drives terminal pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unknown, and it is thought that the cellular environment of the MN may play a key role in MN survival. Several lines of evidence implicate vesicles in ALS, including that extracellular vesicles may carry toxic elements from astrocytes towards MNs, and that pathological proteins have been identified in circulating extracellular vesicles of sporadic ALS patients. Because MN degeneration at the neuromuscular junction is a feature of ALS, and muscle is a vesicle-secretory tissue, we hypothesized that muscle vesicles may be involved in ALS pathology. METHODS: Sporadic ALS patients were confirmed to be ALS according to El Escorial criteria and were genotyped to test for classic gene mutations associated with ALS, and physical function was assessed using the ALSFRS-R score. Muscle biopsies of either mildly affected deltoids of ALS patients (n = 27) or deltoids of aged-matched healthy subjects (n = 30) were used for extraction of muscle stem cells, to perform immunohistology, or for electron microscopy. Muscle stem cells were characterized by immunostaining, RT-qPCR, and transcriptomic analysis. Secreted muscle vesicles were characterized by proteomic analysis, Western blot, NanoSight, and electron microscopy. The effects of muscle vesicles isolated from the culture medium of ALS and healthy myotubes were tested on healthy human-derived iPSC MNs and on healthy human myotubes, with untreated cells used as controls. RESULTS: An accumulation of multivesicular bodies was observed in muscle biopsies of sporadic ALS patients by immunostaining and electron microscopy. Study of muscle biopsies and biopsy-derived denervation-naïve differentiated muscle stem cells (myotubes) revealed a consistent disease signature in ALS myotubes, including intracellular accumulation of exosome-like vesicles and disruption of RNA-processing. Compared with vesicles from healthy control myotubes, when administered to healthy MNs the vesicles of ALS myotubes induced shortened, less branched neurites, cell death, and disrupted localization of RNA and RNA-processing proteins. The RNA-processing protein FUS and a majority of its binding partners were present in ALS muscle vesicles, and toxicity was dependent on the expression level of FUS in recipient cells. Toxicity to recipient MNs was abolished by anti-CD63 immuno-blocking of vesicle uptake. CONCLUSIONS: ALS muscle vesicles are shown to be toxic to MNs, which establishes the skeletal muscle as a potential source of vesicle-mediated toxicity in ALS.

Phage Therapy for Crops: Concepts, Experimental and Bioinformatics Approaches to Direct Its Application.

Phage therapy consists of applying bacteriophages, whose natural function is to kill specific bacteria. Bacteriophages are safe, evolve together with their host, and are environmentally friendly. At present, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and salt minerals (Zn2+ or Cu2+) has caused the emergence of resistant strains that infect crops, causing difficulties and loss of food production. Phage therapy is an alternative that has shown positive results and can improve the treatments available for agriculture. However, the success of phage therapy depends on finding effective bacteriophages. This review focused on describing the potential, up to now, of applying phage therapy as an alternative treatment against bacterial diseases, with sustainable improvement in food production. We described the current isolation techniques, characterization, detection, and selection of lytic phages, highlighting the importance of complementary studies using genome analysis of the phage and its host. Finally, among these studies, we concentrated on the most relevant bacteriophages used for biocontrol of Pseudomonas spp., Xanthomonas spp., Pectobacterium spp., Ralstonia spp., Burkholderia spp., Dickeya spp., Clavibacter michiganensis, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens as agents that cause damage to crops, and affect food production around the world.

Outcome of Liver Transplants Using Donors After Cardiac Death With Normothermic Regional Perfusion.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The incorporation of normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) to donors after cardiac death (DCD) allows the recovery of liver grafts without the deleterious effects on graft survival the super-rapid technique may cause. The aim of the present report is to determine if the use of NRP in Maastricht type III DCD donors achieves short- and medium-term results comparable to donors after brain death (DBD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is an observational cohort study including 117 liver transplants executed between November 2016 and April 2021, divided into NRP (n = 39) and DBD (n = 78). RESULTS: Donors were younger in the NRP group (NRP 52 vs DBD 59.4 years; P < .005). Liver recipients in each study group were of similar age and severity of liver disease, although the predominant transplant indication in the NRP group was hepatocellular carcinoma. No differences in ischemia times were found. The incidence of early allograft disfunction and primary nonfunction was balanced between NRP and DBD. Eight patients required retransplant, all of them in the DBD group. No differences were found in biliary complications (NRP 12% vs DBD 5%; P = .104). Ischemic cholangiopathy affected a single DBD patient. Graft survival's Kaplan Meier curve shows a better outcome in the NRP group, although the difference did not reach significance (P = .075). CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of perfusion machines, and specifically the NPR in situ, converts suboptimal liver grafts such as DCD into organs comparable to DBDs.

Comparación de 3 modos de ventilación mecánica en colecistectomía laparoscópica / Comparison of 3 mechanical ventilation modes in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Resumen: El modo ventilatorio asistido durante un procedimiento laparoscópico aún es controversial. Objetivo: Comparar la dinámica ventilatoria según el modo de ventilación asistida: por ventilación controlada por volumen (VCV), controlada por presión (VCP) o por presión con garantía de volumen (VCP-GV), en anestesia para colecistectomía laparoscópica. Material y métodos: 21 pacientes adultos manejados con una de las tres modalidades (7 por grupo). Se analizó durante el procedimiento (a la intubación, la insuflación de CO2 intraabdominal y resolución), su frecuencia respiratoria, el volumen espiratorio, CO2 al final de la espiración (EtCO2), presión pico vía aérea, presión media pulmonar, distensibilidad, saturación de oxígeno y volumen minuto respiratorio. Resultados: Posterior a la intubación, no hubo diferencias clínicas importantes en las mediciones entre los modos de ventilación. A la insuflación los pacientes con modo VCP incrementaron su frecuencia respiratoria, pero conservaron su presión pico; contra aquéllos en modo VCV y VCP-GV que incrementaron su presión pico con escasa reducción de su frecuencia respiratoria. Las otras variables no se modificaron durante el procedimiento y no hubo diferencias entre los modos ventilatorios. Conclusión: Los tres modos de ventilación permitieron un buen control ventilatorio con pocas diferencias respecto a parámetros basales, pero sugerimos que el modo VCP previene mejor los aumentos en la presión pico.

Abstract: The assisted ventilatory mode during a laparoscopic procedure is still controversial. Objective: To compare ventilatory dynamics according to the assisted ventilation mode: by volume-controlled ventilation (VCV), pressure-controlled (PCV) or by pressure with volume guarantee (PVC-VG), in general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Material and methods: 21 adult patients managed with one of the three modalities (seven per group). Their respiratory rate, minute expiratory volume, end tidal CO2 (EtCO2), peak airway pressure, mean pulmonary pressure, compliance, oxygen saturation and minute respiratory volume were analyzed during the procedure (at intubation, abdominal CO2 insufflation and resolution). Results: After intubation there were no clinical differences in measurements between ventilation modes. On insufflation, patients with PCV mode increased their respiratory rate, but kept their peak pressure; against those in VCV and PCV-VG mode who increased their peak pressure with little reduction in their respiratory rate. The other variables were not modified during the procedure and there were no differences between the ventilatory modes. Conclusion: The three modes of ventilation allowed a good ventilatory control, but we suggest the PCV since it prevents an increase in peak pressure.

Treatment of headache disorders with acupuncture: a 6-year retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate that acupuncture has similar clinical effectiveness in the prevention of headache disorders (HDs) as drug therapy, but with fewer side effects. As such, examining acupuncture's use in a pragmatic, real-world setting would be valuable. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of acupuncture and prophylactic drug treatment (PDT) on headache frequency in patients with HDs, under real-world clinical conditions. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of patients with HDs referred to a pain clinic, using electronic health record data. Patients continued with tertiary care (treatment of acute headache attacks and lifestyle, meditation, exercise and dietary instructions) with PDT, or received 12 sessions of acupuncture over 3 months, instead of PDT under conditions of tertiary care. The primary outcome data were the number of days with headache per month, and groups were compared at baseline and at the end of the third month of treatment. RESULTS: Data were analysed for 482 patients with HDs. The number of headache days per month decreased by 3.7 (standard deviation (SD) = 2.9) days in the acupuncture group versus 2.9 (SD = 2.3) in the PDT group (p = 0.007). The proportion of responders was 39.5% versus 16.3% (p < 0.001). The number needed to treat was 4 (95% confidence interval = 3-7). CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that patients with HDs in tertiary care who opted for treatment with acupuncture appeared to receive similar clinical benefits to those that chose PDT, suggesting these treatments may be similarly effective of the prevention of headache in a real-world clinical setting.

Strychnos nux-vomica L. seed preparation promotes functional recovery and attenuates oxidative stress in a mouse model of sciatic nerve crush injury.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injury is a debilitating condition that may lead to partial or complete motor, sensory and autonomic function loss and lacks effective therapy until date. Therefore, it is quite imperative to explore impending remedies for rapid and accurate functional retrieval following such conditions. Natural product-based intervention can prove effective to facilitate the process of functions regain. METHODS: Here, we investigated the effect of processed Strychnos nux-vomica seeds at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight in a mouse model of induced Sciatic nerve lesion in promoting the recovery of the functions. A compression injury was induced in the Sciatic nerve of the right leg in the mice. Sensory function recovery was evaluated by hot-plate and formalin tests, whereas the motor function retrieval was assessed by measuring muscle grip strength, sciatic functional index, and muscle mass restoration. Oxidative stress and blood cell count were measured by biochemistry and haematological analyses. RESULTS: This study indicates that Strychnos nux-vomica seeds enhance the rate of recovery of both sensory and motor functions. It helps restore the muscle mass, attenuates total oxidant status and enhances the total anti-oxidant capacity of the biological system. Moreover, the treated animals manifested an enhanced glucose tolerance aptitude and augmented granulocyte and platelet counts. Improved oxidant control, enhanced glucose sensitivity and amended granulocyte and platelet counts are likely to contribute to the advantageous effects of Strychnos nux-vomica, and warrant further in-depth studies for deciphering possible mechanisms and identification of active constituent(s) responsible for these effects. CONCLUSION: Strychnos nux-vomica seed offers functional recovery promoting effects following a mechanical injury to the Sciatic nerve and the possible reasons behind this effect can be reduced oxidative stress and improved glycaemic control. Further and detailed investigations can unravel this mystery.

Does Normothermic Regional Perfusion Improve the Results of Donation After Circulatory Death Liver Transplantation?

BACKGROUND: The so-called grafts or donors with extended criteria are a risk factor for the development of liver transplant activity. One source comes from controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD). The hypothesis was to verify the improvement in results by comparing DCD liver transplants performed with postmortem normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) vs super-rapid recovery (SRR), the current standard for cDCD. A prospective study comparing both techniques was carried out. METHODS: A total of 42 transplants were performed with cDCD, 22 of which were with SRR and 23 with NRP from April 2014 to September 2019. RESULTS: Differences were found in early allograft dysfunction (68.1% in the SRR group vs 25% in the NRP group; P < .01) and biliary complications (22.7% vs 5%, respectively; P = .04). Differences were also found, although not statistically significant, in ischemic cholangiopathy (13.6% in the SRR group vs 5% in the NRP group; P = .09), and retransplant rate (9.1% vs 0%, respectively; P = .3). CONCLUSIONS: With the use of NRP machines, results are similar to the standard donation with donors in brain death in terms of rate of early allograft dysfunction and survival of the patient and graft attempted, reducing the rate of ischemic cholangiopathy compared with SRR.

Influence of Bile Duct Diameter on Biliary Complications After Liver Transplantation.

Biliary complications after liver transplantation have a high incidence of and a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. The primary aim of this study was to assess the influence of bile duct diameter on biliary complications and to determine whether a critical diameter for such complications could be determined. The secondary aim was to identify additional factors associated with biliary complications. Two hundred and seventy-three recipients of liver transplantation with biliary anastomosis without a T-tube were analyzed from December 2013 to December 2018. Patients with a follow-up of less than 6 months were excluded, except for those with biliary complications (including death). Intraoperative measurements of bile duct diameter and other variables potentially related to complications were recorded prospectively, and their association with biliary complications was analyzed. Our results show that neither donor nor recipient bile duct diameters were risk factors for the development of biliary complications. However, bile duct size mismatch between recipient and donor was found to be a risk factor. Additional associated risk factors were arterial ischemia time, arterial complications, bench arterial reconstruction, and intraoperative blood transfusion.

Influence of Preoperative Muscle Mass Assessed by Computed Tomography on Prognosis After Liver Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia (SP) and preoperative muscle mass are independent predictive factors for short- and long-term outcome of liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of muscle mass index (MMI) and preoperative SP on the prognosis of patients who underwent liver transplantation in our hospital. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients who underwent liver transplantation in the Regional University Hospital of Málaga from September 2013 to March 2016 were analyzed. SP was determined based on the MMI, as assessed by psoas muscle area at the L4 level measured by computed tomography (CT), with adjustment for patient sex. Two cohorts were differentiated: 54 patients without SP and 42 patients with SP. Postoperative complications, graft survival, and patient survival were assessed. A 3-year follow-up was carried out. RESULTS: Recipient characteristics were similar in both cohorts, except for MMI ± SD (group without SP: 94.03 ± 15.43 cm2/m2 vs group with SP: 56.99 ± 13.59 cm2/m2; P = .001). The incidence of postoperative complications (Clavien ≥ 3) in patients with and without SP was 39.5% and 24.1%, respectively (P = .08). SP was not associated with poorer long-term graft or patient survival. CONCLUSIONS: SP, determined by preoperative measurement of MMI, was identified as a predictive factor associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications. Since MMI can be easily determined by CT, it should be assessed in all candidates for liver transplantation.

Current Status of Therapeutic Approaches against Peripheral Nerve Injuries: A Detailed Story from Injury to Recovery.

Peripheral nerve injury is a complex condition with a variety of signs and symptoms such as numbness, tingling, jabbing, throbbing, burning or sharp pain. Peripheral nerves are fragile in nature and can easily get damaged due to acute compression or trauma which may lead to the sensory and motor functions deficits and even lifelong disability. After lesion, the neuronal cell body becomes disconnected from the axon's distal portion to the injury site leading to the axonal degeneration and dismantlement of neuromuscular junctions of targeted muscles. In spite of extensive research on this aspect, complete functional recovery still remains a challenge to be resolved. This review highlights detailed pathophysiological events after an injury to a peripheral nerve and the associated factors that can either hinder or promote the regenerative machinery. In addition, it throws light on the available therapeutic strategies including supporting therapies, surgical and non-surgical interventions to ameliorate the axonal regeneration, neuronal survival, and reinnervation of peripheral targets. Despite the availability of various treatment options, we are still lacking the optimal treatments for a perfect and complete functional regain. The need for the present age is to discover or design such potent compounds that would be able to execute the complete functional retrieval. In this regard, plant-derived compounds are getting more attention and several recent reports validate their remedial effects. A plethora of plants and plant-derived phytochemicals have been suggested with curative effects against a number of diseases in general and neuronal injury in particular. They can be a ray of hope for the suffering individuals.

Breast cancer detection in Mexico City during 2017. / Detección del cáncer de mama en la Ciudad de México durante 2017.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death of women in Mexico; its detection is among the priorities of Mexico City's (CDMX) Southern Local Office from the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS: Mexican Institute for Social Security). OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and mortality related to breast cancer detection in the CDMX's Southern Local Office units from IMSS in 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Databases from the Coordination of Prevention and Health Care (CPAS), Information and Strategic Analysis (CIAE) and the Breast Clinic (UDDC Mama) were analyzed. Among data, it was included age, study (mastography, ultrasound and biopsy), and histological type, incidence and mortality. For statistical analysis it was used Student's t, and Spearman correlation (p < 0.05). RESULTS: In a population of 589,683 women (40-69 years), 97,779 mastographs were performed. Out of these, there were 94,883 normal (BI-RADS 1) and 1933 suspicious (BIRADS 3-5). In 436 biopsies, infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most frequent. The incidence rate was 39.3/100,000 and the mortality rate was 3.54/100,000 inhabitants (in 2015 and 2016 it was 6.84 and 7.02/100,000, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the incidence and a decrease in breast cancer mortality has been observed, which is related to improvements in screening programs in 2017. It is important to maintain and optimize screening programs.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de mama es la principal causa de muerte de mujeres en México; su detección se ubica entre las prioridades de la Delegación Sur de la Ciudad de México del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). OBJETIVO: Describir la incidencia y la mortalidad relacionadas con la detección del cáncer de mama en las unidades de la Delegación Sur de la Ciudad de México del IMSS en 2017. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron las bases de datos de las Coordinaciones de Prevención y Atención a la Salud (CPAS), de Información y Análisis Estratégico (CIAE) y de la Clínica de Mama (UDDC Mama). Entre los datos se incluyó edad, estudio (mastografía, ultrasonido y biopsia) y tipo histológico, incidencia y mortalidad. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó t de Student y correlación de Spearman (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTADOS: En una población de 589 683 mujeres (40-69 años), se realizaron 97 779 mastografías. De estas hubo 94 883 normales (BIRADS 1) y 1933 sospechosas (BIRADS 3-5). En 436 biopsias, el carcinoma ductal infiltrante fue el más frecuente. La tasa de incidencia fue 39.3/100 000 y de mortalidad de 3.54/100 000 habitantes (en 2015 y 2016 fue de 6.84 y 7.02/100 000, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Se ha observado un incremento en la incidencia y disminución de mortalidad por cáncer de mama, el cual está relacionado con mejoras en programas de detección en 2017. Es importante mantener y optimizar los programas de detección.

Lipids as biomarkers of brain disorders.

Brain is a central and pivotal organ of human body containing the highest lipids content next to adipose tissue. It works as a monitor for the whole body and needs an adequate supply of energy to maintain its physiological activities. This high demand of energy in the brain is chiefly maintained by the lipids along with its reservoirs. Thus, the lipid metabolism is also an important for the proper development and function of the brain. Being a prominent part of the brain, lipids play a vast number of physiological activities within the brain starting from the structural development, impulse conduction, insulation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, myelin sheath formation and finally to act as the signaling molecules. Interestingly, lipids bilayer also maintains the structural integrity for the physiological functions of protein. Thus, in light to all of these activities, lipids and its metabolism can be attributed pivotal for brain health and its activities. Decisively, the impaired/altered metabolism of lipids and its intermediates puts forward a key step in the progression of different brain ailments including neurodegenerative, neurological and neuropsychiatry disorders. Depending on their associated underlying pathways, they serve as the potential biomarkers of these disorders and are considered as necessary diagnostic tools. The present review discusses the role and level of altered lipids metabolism in brain diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, neurological diseases, and neuropsychiatric diseases. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of altered level of lipids and their metabolites have also been discussed in detail.

Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) promotes functional recovery and ameliorates oxidative stress following a lesion to the sciatic nerve in mouse model.

Peripheral nerve injury is one of the major health concerns of the present era which can lead to the long-lasting disability and even demise. Currently, no effective and side effect free remedy exists and exploration of effective therapeutic strategies to regain functional outcome is a need of hour. In the present study, we used BALB/c mice (N = 14 age, 10-12 weeks & weight 32-34 g) that were divided into two groups: Normal chow (n = 7) and Fennel chow (n = 7) group. Here, we have explored the role of crude Foeniculum vulgare mill seeds in promoting functional recovery following a mechanical insult to the sciatic nerve by an oral administration of a crude dose of 500 mg/kg BW. The recovery of both sensory and motor functions was significantly (p > .05) accelerated in the treatment group, assessed by behavioral analyses alongside total antioxidant capacity increase. Conclusively, F. vulgare can be a potential therapeutic candidate for accelerating functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The outcomes of study have vital practical application both for scientists and consumers. The therapeutic role of phytochemicals on functional recovery has not been explored yet. This study will help figure out plant based regimen as booster for brain health and intervention against traumatic nerve injuries. Moreover, it may also attract the food and pharmaceutical industries to formulate cost effective therapeutic products. Likewise, it can prove instrumental for scientists for advance research on this aspect with more mechanistic targets.

Situación actual del dolor agudo postoperatorio en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación ayudan a conseguir un hospital (y atención primaria) sin dolor / Situation of acute postoperative pain in the Spanish National Health System. Icts help to reach a "pain-free" hospital an primary care

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