Interplay of Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Composition and Adipokines in Obese Adolescents.

In the context of the alarming rise of infant obesity and its health implications, the present research aims to uncover disruptions in postprandial lipid metabolism and the composition of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in obese adolescents. A double-blind, controlled clinical trial in the postprandial phase on 23 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years was carried out. Twelve participants were categorized as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2 and percentile > 95) and 11 as normal-weight (BMI = 20-25 kg/m2, percentile 5-85). Blood samples were collected after a 12-h overnight fast and postprandially after consumption of a standardized breakfast containing olive oil, tomato, bread, orange juice, and skimmed milk. Obese adolescents exhibited elevated triglyceride concentrations in both fasting and postprandial states and higher TG/apo-B48 ratios, indicating larger postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particle size, which suggests impaired clearance. Obese subjects also exhibited higher n-6 PUFA concentrations, potentially linked to increased TRL hydrolysis and the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines. In contrast, TRL from normal-weight individuals showed higher concentrations of oleic acid and DHA (n-3 PUFA), with possible anti-inflammatory effects. The results indicate an interplay involving postprandial TRL metabolism and adipokines within the context of adolescent obesity, pointing to potential cardiovascular implications in the future.

Breast cancer and body image as a prognostic factor of depression: a case study in México City / Cáncer de mama e imagen corporal como factor pronóstico de depresión. Un estudio de caso en ciudad de México

Introduction: Being diagnosed with breast cancer is devastating for women because they face a «sense of loss». Since this loss is observed by the women themselves as well as by those around them, this can often lead to depression. Objectives: (1) To verify a possible association between body image and depression; (2) To establish a relation between depression and time since breast cancer diagnosis. Method: The data came from the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Body Image Scale (BIS), which were used to evaluate the subjects. A random sample of n=120 women was divided into two groups. The women in Group 1 had been recently diagnosed with breast cancer, but had not at that time had any type of surgical treatment. The women in Group 2 had undergone a mastectomy over a year ago. Results: The women in Group 1 were found to be more severely depressed, and a statistically significant association was detected between depression and body image (p<0.05). In contrast, in Group 2, even though many of the subjects also felt depressed because of a distorted or disturbed body image, their depression was milder (p>0.05). Conclusions: The women in Group 1, the majority of whom were suffering from severe depression, had a disturbed body image even though they had not had a mastectomy. The women in Group 2, who had been operated, also suffered from similar (AU)

Introducción: El cáncer de mama constituye una patología de extremada prevalencia en la actualidad y con un alto impacto en la sociedad, tanto en los países desarrollados como en México, ésta patología ha aumentado en los últimos años. El diagnóstico es impactante para las mujeres porque se enfrentan al problema de «sentido de pérdida» y este hecho puede ser observado tanto por ellas como por otras personas, provocando con frecuencia alteraciones depresivas. Objetivos: Relacionar la imagen corporal y la depresión. En segundo lugar, determinar la posible implicación entre la depresión y el diagnóstico reciente y tardío. Material y métodos: Se recolectó información de datos a partir de la historia clínica, entrevista y aplicación del BDI-II (Escala de depresión de Beck) y el BIS (Body Image Scale) de 120 mujeres diagnosticadas y tratadas de cáncer de mama durante el periodo de Enero-Diciembre 2012. Se seleccionó la muestra aleatoria n=120 mujeres divididas en dos grupos. El grupo 1 con diagnóstico reciente sin intervención quirúrgica de la mama. El grupo 2 de mujeres mastectomizadas de más de 1 año. Resultados: El grupo 1 presentó mayor severidad de la depresión y se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la depresión y la imagen corporal (p<0.05). Sin embargo, en el grupo 2 la severidad de la depresión fue menor, aunque la percepción de su imagen corporal también fue incompleta (p>0.05). Conclusiones: El grupo 1 presenta una percepción de la imagen corporal incompleta aunque no estén mastectomizadas y un mayor grado de depresión. Las mujeres del grupo 2 también se percibían su imagen corporal incompleta aunque presentaban menor grado de depresión (AU)

Breast cancer and body image as a prognostic factor of depression: a case study in México City.

INTRODUCTION: Being diagnosed with breast cancer is devastating for women because they face a "sense of loss". Since this loss is observed by the women themselves as well as by those around them, this can often lead to depression. OBJECTIVES: (1) To verify a possible association between body image and depression; (2) To establish a relation between depression and time since breast cancer diagnosis. METHOD: The data came from the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Body Image Scale (BIS), which were used to evaluate the subjects. A random sample of n=120 women was divided into two groups. The women in Group 1 had been recently diagnosed with breast cancer, but had not at that time had any type of surgical treatment. The women in Group 2 had undergone a mastectomy over a year ago. RESULTS: The women in Group 1 were found to be more severely depressed, and a statistically significant association was detected between depression and body image (p0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The women in Group 1, the majority of whom were suffering from severe depression, had a disturbed body image even though they had not had a mastectomy. The women in Group 2, who had been operated, also suffered from similar body image problems, but their depression was not as intense.

Introducción: El cáncer de mama constituye una patología de extremada prevalencia en la actualidad y con un alto impacto en la sociedad, tanto en los países desarrollados como en México, ésta patología ha aumentado en los últimos años. El diagnóstico es impactante para las mujeres porque se enfrentan al problema de "sentido de pérdida" y este hecho puede ser observado tanto por ellas como por otras personas, provocando con frecuencia alteraciones depresivas. Objetivos: Relacionar la imagen corporal y la depresión. En segundo lugar, determinar la posible implicación entre la depresión y el diagnóstico reciente y tardío. Material y métodos: Se recolectó información de datos a partir de la historia clínica, entrevista y aplicación del BDI-II (Escala de depresión de Beck) y el BIS (Body Image Scale) de 120 mujeres diagnosticadas y tratadas de cáncer de mama durante el periodo de Enero-Diciembre 2012. Se seleccionó la muestra aleatoria n=120 mujeres divididas en dos grupos. El grupo 1 con diagnóstico reciente sin intervención quirúrgica de la mama. El grupo 2 de mujeres mastectomizadas de más de 1 año. Resultados: El grupo 1 presentó mayor severidad de la depresión y se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la depresión y la imagen corporal (p0.05). Conclusiones: El grupo 1 presenta una percepción de la imagen corporal incompleta aunque no estén mastectomizadas y un mayor grado de depresión. Las mujeres del grupo 2 también se percibían su imagen corporal incompleta aunque presentaban menor grado de depresión.

Structural and compositional changes in erythrocyte membrane of obese compared to normal-weight adolescents.

Unhealthy dietary habits are key determinants of obesity in adolescents. Assuming that dietary fat profile influences membrane lipid composition, the aim of this study was to analyze structural changes in the erythrocyte membrane of obese compared to normal-weight adolescents. The study was conducted in a group of 11 obese and 11 normal-weight adolescent subjects. The lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity were analyzed by conventional methods. The structural properties of reconstituted erythrocyte membrane were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Erythrocyte membrane from obese adolescents had a lipid profile characterized by a higher cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, an increase in saturated fatty acid and a decrease in monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations. Differences in lipid content were associated with changes in the structural properties of reconstituted membranes and the oxidative damage of erythrocyte membrane. The lower oxidative level shown in the obese group (0.15 ± 0.04 vs. 0.20 ± 0.06 nmol/mg for conjugated diene concentrations and 2.43 ± 0.25 vs. 2.83 ± 0.31 nmol/mg protein for malondialdehyde levels) was related to a lower unsaturation index. These changes in membrane structural properties were accompanied by a lower AChE activity (1.64 ± 0.13 vs. 1.91 ± 0.24 nmol AChE/[min mg protein]) in the obese group. The consequences of unhealthy dietary habits in adolescents are reflected in the membrane structural properties and may influence membrane-associated protein activities and functions.

[Breast feeding: an effective method to prevent breast cancer]. / Lactancia materna: un método eficaz en la prevención del cáncer de mama.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common gynecological tumor in young women in Western countries. Its profound implications for health and an increasingly early age of diagnosis have been carefully analyzed its causes and possible preventive measures, making their study in a primary goal of epidemiological research. SAMPLE AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records pertaining to 504 female patients aged 19 to 91 years. All of them were diagnosed and treated for breast cancer between 2003-2008 at the Hospital Universitario "San Cecilio" of Granada (Spain). RESULTS: We found a significant correlation (p = 0.001) between the age of cancer diagnosis, length of breastfeeding, and the existence of personal and family history for cancer. By contrast, there were no statistically significant differences test (t-test) between the average age of diagnosis of cancer and having had offspring or not (t = 0.559, p = 0.576). CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding for periods of longer than six months, not only provides children with many health benefits, but may also protect the mother from serious diseases, such as breast cancer.

[The Guadix study of the effects of a Mediterranean-diet breakfast on the postprandial lipid parameters of overweight and obese pre-adolescents]. / Metodología del estudio Guadix sobre los efectos de un desayuno de tipo mediterráneo sobre los parámetros lipídicos y postprandiales en preadolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad.

The excess weight that characterizes much of the population of the world today has led the World Health Organization to declare a obesity pandemic. The number of overweight and obese children in Spain is among the highest in Europe, and this number is even higher in Andalusia. The health consequences of excess weight for children are not as evident as for adults. However, child obesity is now being associated with pathologies, such as the metabolic syndrome, which were previously believed to be only found in adults. Resistance to insulin is an important risk factor in subjects with severe obesity, which along with visceral obesity, make postprandial triglyceridemia more severe. This increases cardiovascular risk. However, in our opinion, this phenomenon has not been adequately studied in children. The hearthealthy properties of olive oil, the main ingredient of the Mediterranean diet, have been clearly highlighted in various studies. These properties include an improved postprandial lipid pattern. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of a Mediterranean-diet breakfast on the postprandial lipid parameters in a study group of overweight and obese preadolescents (age 10-14) in comparison to a control group of subjects with no weight problems. The results obtained provide greater knowledge of the physiopathology of child obesity and contribute to the elaboration of dietary recommendations for the maintenance of child health. Additionally, our results give information regarding the development of atherogenesis during the postprandial period, which can begin at a very early age.