Validación facial, confiabilidad y comprensibilidad del cuestionario principal usado en el estudio PLATINO, Colombia 2021

Introducción: es fundamental garantizar que los instrumentos de medición al ser usados en contextos distintos a los que fueron desarrollados se ajusten en su lenguaje y compresibilidad; el cuestionario principal usado en el estudio PLATINO, en el cual se estableció la prevalencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en áreas metropolitanas de Latinoamérica por la Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax, sin incluir población colombiana. Objetivo: realizar validación facial, confiabilidad y comprensibilidad del cuestionario principal usado en el estudio PLATINO para la identificación de personas sin enfermedad respiratoria en Colombia, 2021. Metodología: estudio psicométrico que incluyó validez facial por juicio de expertos, prueba de compresibilidad y confiabilidad; la validación facial valoró la coherencia, relevancia y pertinencia de cada ítem, la aplicación del instrumento se hizo en prueba preliminar de compresibilidad, tras la cual se calculó su confiabilidad. Resultados: la validación facial obtuvo concordancia alta, requiriendo mejoras en redacción del instrumento (Kappa de Fleiss: 0,8569; p=0,000). De los 88 participantes, la mayoría eran hombres (n: 75; 85 %), con edad promedio de 23 años (DS: 6,8), el 25 % con antecedentes de enfermedad pulmonar y el 21 % de tabaquismo. La versión ajustada del cuestionario obtuvo una comprensibilidad global del 94 % y un alfa de Cronbach de 0,82. Conclusiones: se obtiene una versión abreviada y adaptada del cuestionario principal usado en el estudio PLATINO para la identificación de personas sanas respiratorias en población colombiana, con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en términos de su validación facial, su confiabilidad y su comprensibilidad.

Introduction: It is essential to guarantee that the measurement instruments, when used in contexts other than those in which they were developed, adjust in their language and comprehensibility. The main questionnaire used in the PLATINO study was developed to establish the prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in metropolitan areas of Latin America by the Latin American Thorax Association, without including the Colombian population. Objective: To perform face validity, reliability and comprehensibility of the main questionnaire used in the PLATINO study for the identification of people without respiratory disease in Colombia, 2021. Materials and methods: Psychometric study that included face validity by expert judgment, compressibility and reliability test. The face validity valued the coherence, relevance and pertinence of each item. The application of the instrument was made in a preliminary compressibility test after which its reliability was calculated. Results: Face validity obtained high concordance requiring improvements in the writing of the document (Fleiss Kappa: 0,8569; p=0,000). Ofthe 88 participants, the majority were men (n: 75; 85%) with a mean age of 23 years (SD: 6.8), 25% with a history of lung disease and 21% with a history of smoking. The adjusted version of the questionnaire obtained a global comprehensibility of 94% and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. Conclusions: An abbreviated and adapted version of the main questionnaire used in the PLATINO study for the identification of respiratory healthy people in the Colombian population was obtained with adequate psychometric properties in terms of its face validity, reliability and comprehensibility.

Introdução: é fundamental garantir que os instrumentos de medição ao ser usados em contextos diferentes aos que foram desenvolvidos se adequam em sua linguagem e compressibilidade; o questionário principal usado no estudo PLATINO se desenvolveu para estabelecer a prevalência de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica em áreas metropolitanas de Latino américa pela Associação Latino-americana do Tórax, sem incluir população colombiana. Objetivo: realizar validação facial, confiabilidade e compreensibilidade do questionário principal usado no estudo PLATINO para a identificação de pessoas sem doença respiratória na Colômbia, 2021. Metodologia: estudo psicométrico que inclui validez facial por juízo de expertos, teste de compressibilidade e confiabilidade; a validação facial valorou a coerência, relevância e pertinência de cada item, a aplicação do instrumento se fez em teste preliminar de compressibilidade, pela qual se calculou sua confiabilidade. Resultados: a validação facial obteve concordância alta, requirindo melhoras em redação do instrumento (Kappa de Fleiss: 0,8569; p=0,000). Dos 88 participantes, a maioria eram homens (n:75; 85 %), com idade média de 23 anos (DS: 6,8), o 25 % com antecedentes de doença pulmonar e o 21 % de tabaquismo. A versão ajustada do questionário obteve uma compreensibilidade global do 94 % e um alfa de Cronbach de 0,82. Conclusões: Obteve-se uma versão abreviada e adaptada do questionário principal usado no estudo PLATINO para a identificação de pessoas sanas sem doenças respiratórias na população colombiana, com adequadas propriedades psicométricas em termos de sua validação facial, sua confiabilidade e sua compreensibilidade.

Effect of pulmonary hypertension on exercise capacity and gas exchange in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease living at high altitude.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with decreased exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but in the altitude the response to exercise in those patients is unknown. Our objective was to compare exercise capacity, gas exchange and ventilatory alterations between COPD patients with PH (COPD-PH) and without PH (COPD-nonPH) residents at high altitude (2640 m). METHODS: One hundred thirty-two COPD-nonPH, 82 COPD-PH, and 47 controls were included. Dyspnea by Borg scale, oxygen consumption (VO2), work rate (WR), ventilatory equivalents (VE/VCO2), dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT), alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient (AaPO2), and arterial-end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure gradient (Pa-ETCO2) were measurement during a cardiopulmonary exercise test. For comparison of variables between groups, Kruskal-Wallis or one-way ANOVA tests were used, and stepwise regression analysis to test the association between PH and exercise capacity. RESULTS: All COPD patients had a lower exercise capacity and higher PaCO2, A-aPO2 and VD/VT than controls. The VO2 % predicted (61.3 ± 20.6 vs 75.3 ± 17.9; p < 0.001) and WR % predicted (65.3 ± 17.9 vs 75.3 ± 17.9; p < 0.001) were lower in COPD-PH than in COPD-nonPH. At peak exercise, dyspnea was higher in COPD-PH (p = 0.011). During exercise, in COPD-PH, the PaO2 was lower (p < 0.001), and AaPO2 (p < 0.001), Pa-ETCO2 (p = 0.033), VE/VCO2 (p = 0.019), and VD/VT (p = 0.007) were higher than in COPD-nonPH. In the multivariate analysis, PH was significantly associated with lower peak VO2 and WR (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In COPD patients residing at high altitude, the presence of PH was an independent factor related to the exercise capacity. Also, in COPD-PH patients there were more dyspnea and alterations in gas exchange during the exercise than in those without PH.

Impulse oscillometry reference values and bronchodilator response in three- to five-year old children living at high altitude.

INTRODUCTION: Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is used to measure airway impedance. It is an effective tool for diagnosing and treating respiratory diseases, and it has the advantage that it does not require forced respiratory maneuvers. IOS reference values are required for each population group. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the IOS reference values and bronchodilator response in healthy preschool children living in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in preschool children who had no history of respiratory disease; 96 children fit the parameters for testing to determine normal values according to the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. RESULTS: Values for respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) at 5, 10, and 20 Hz, respiratory impedance (Zrs, and resonance frequency (Fres) were established. Height was the most influential independent variable for IOS values; an increase in height led to a reduction in Rrs5 and Rrs20 and an increase in Xrs5. After the administration of 400 mcg of salbutamol the values for Rrs5(-17.48%), Rrs20(-8.63%), Fres (-10.68%), and area of reactance (-35.44%) were reduced, meanwhile Xrs5 (15.35%) was increased. CONCLUSIONS: Normal IOS values before and after the administration of 400 mcg of salbutamol were determined for a population of children aged 3-5 years at 2,640 m. Reference IOS equations for these children are presented. A relative change of up to -28% and 36% after the use of salbutamol for respiratory resistance and reactance, respectively, should be considered as an upper limit of the normal range, and possible appropriate cut-off values for defining significant response for evaluating therapeutic interventions.