Solitonic solutions and stability analysis of Benjamin Bona Mahony Burger equation using two versatile techniques.

This study aims to explore the precise resolution of the nonlinear Benjamin Bona Mahony Burgers (BBMB) equation, which finds application in a variety of nonlinear scientific disciplines including fluid dynamics, shock generation, wave transmission, and soliton theory. Within this paper, we employ two versatile methodologies, specifically the extended exp ( - Ψ ( χ ) ) expansion technique and the novel Kudryashov method, to identify the exact soliton solutions of the nonlinear BBMB equation. The solutions we discovered involve trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions, and rational functions. The uniqueness of this research lies in uncovering the bright soliton, kink wave solution, and periodic wave solution, and conducting stability analysis. Furthermore, the solutions' graphical characteristics were explored through the utilization of the mathematical software Maple 2022 ( https://maplesoft.com/downloads/selectplatform.aspx?hash=61ab59890f2313b2241fde3423fd975e ). The system's physical interpretation is defined through various types of graphs, including contour graphs, 3D-surface graphs, and line graphs, which use appropriate parameter values. These recommended techniques hold significant importance and are applicable in diverse nonlinear evolutionary equations found in the field of nonlinear sciences for illustrating nonlinear physical models.

Improvement effect of pyrolyzed agro-food biochar on the properties of magnesium phosphate cement.

This study extends the application of pyrolyzed biochar and investigates its influence on the mechanical, sorption and microstructure properties of magnesium phosphate cement mortar. Biochar was produced by the pyrolysis of wheat straw biomass by controlled burning and its replacement level was kept up to 1.5%. At the age of 30 days, the compressive and flexural strength of mortar containing 1.5% biochar was 17.3% and 9.0% higher as compared to the control mortar, which was associated with the micro-filler and internal reservoir effect of biochar particles. Inclusion of biochar considerably improved the resistance of magnesium phosphate cement in the water environment. Sorptivity and water absorption of mortar containing 1.5% biochar was reduced by 33.8% and 25% respectively than the control mortar. Biochar densified the microstructure of mortars by filling the microcracks and blocking the pores. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy did not provide any information about the formation of new hydration products. Elemental analysis of mortar samples using energy dispersive spectroscopy showed the presence of some elements, which indicates the possibility of new hydration products. Based on the positive results in this study, future study will include the detailed chemical effect of biochar on magnesium phosphate cement.

Identification of the risk factors of the thyroid cancer by using logit model in Lahore.

Thyroid Cancer is a disease, which becomes a cause of death in developing countries. The aim of this study is to investigate all the possible risk factors of thyroid cancer in Pakistan. This study was consisting of 320 individuals, including 160 cases and 160 controls. These subjects were interviewed from the INMOL hospital and Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. The information was collected regarding the characteristics like age, gender, family history of thyroid cancer, use of iodine-diet, radiation therapy, etc. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to explore the risk factors of the thyroid cancer. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed by using logistic regression model. The result showed that the odds ratio and 95% CI for family history of cancer are 2.222 and (1.281-3.853), for use of iodine diet are 2.619 and (1.492-4.596), for acromegaly disease are 1.947 and (1.123-3.374), for oxidative stress are 6.229 and (3.473-11.172), for red meat are 2.601 and (1.421-4.762), for fast food are 3.177 and (1.745-5.785), for fried food are 2.357 and (1.268-4.382), for the use of fats are 2.531 and (1.265-5.064) and for sea food are 2.050 and (1.127-3.729), respectively. It can be concluded that oxidative stress has 6 times high risk of thyroid cancer with the odd ratio 6.229 and CI (3.473, 11.172). Moreover, fast food, the use of iodine diet, red meat and the seafood are also increased the risk factor of thyroid cancer.

Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer in Females Using a Logit Model in Lahore, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer (TC) is a more common endocrine malignancy in females and is a major cause of death in developing countries. Therefore the aim of this study was to explore possible risk factors of thyroid cancer in females of Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study covered 232 females, including 127 (54.7%) cases and 105 (45.2%) controls, from the INMOL Hospital and Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Different risk factors were explored by the descriptive and inferentially statistics. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for different risk factors were computed using logistic regression. RESULTS: The results showed six risk factors, marital status, family history of thyroid cancer, iodine in the diet, oxidative stress, fast food and fried food, to demonstrate positive significant links to thyroid cancer (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of :2.152, 1.104-4.198; 2.630, 1.416-4.887; 2.391, 1.282-4.458; 4.115, 2.185-7.750; 3.656, 1.851-7.223; 2.357, 1.268-4.382; and 2.360, 1.199-4.643, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Oxidative stress, marital status, family history of cancer, fast food, use of iodine diet and fried food are the risk factors of thyroid cancer in females.

Risk factors of prostate cancer: a case-control study in Faisalabad, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer among males in Pakistan but very little is known about risk factors among the Pakistani population. Therefore a hospital-based, case-control study was carried out in Faisalabad to identify potential risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was based on 140 prostate cancer cases and 280 normal controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for odds ratios to assess the relationship between prostate cancer and different risk factors. RESULTS: Family history of prostate cancer, age, smoking, obesity, consumption of red meat and frequent use of fat items significantly increased the prostate cancer risk (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of: 7.32; 1.79-29.8; 16.9, 5.60-50.8; 2.47, 1.17-5.18; 5.79, 2.66-12.6; 2.71, 1.07-6.91; and 3.39, 1.47-7.83, respectively. On the other hand, more consumption of fruit, fluid intake and better lifestyle (physical activity) significantly reduced the risk of developing prostate cancer with odd ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of: 0.27, 0.11-0.61; 0.05, 0.02-0.12; and 0.28, 0.13- 0.58. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggested that age, family history of prostate cancer, smoking, obesity, fluid intake, frequent use of fat items, consumption of fruits and better lifestyle might be associated with prostate cancer among Pakistani males.

Non-occupational risk factors of urinary bladder cancer in Faisalabad and Lahore, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the non-occupational risk factors of the urinary bladder cancer in Faisalabad, Pakistan. METHOD: Several risk factors related to urinary bladder cancer--smoking, gender, residential area, fluid consumption, family history of cancer, use of tea and coffee--were examined. For the retrospective study, 149 subjects, 20 women and 129 men, were interviewed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to explain the risk factors of the disease. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of odds ratios were computed using the logistic regression model. RESULTS: The significant odds ratios for moderate lifestyle, education, smoking and fluid consumption were: (OR: 0.103, 95% CI: 0.037-0.290), (OR: 0.193, 95% CI: 0.058-0.638), (OR: 13.129, 95% CI: 4.215-40.9) and (OR: 0.116, 95% CI: 0.040-0.333), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that smoking increases the chances of an individual getting the disease. Protective agents include a moderate lifestyle, awareness and the use of 10 or more glasses of water per day.

Risk factors for urinary bladder cancer in Baluchistan.

BACKGROUND: Urinary Bladder cancer is a life threatening and aggressive disease. This retrospective study was conducted in Baluchistan for assessing the risk factors for urinary bladder cancer. METHOD: A questionnaire was developed in order to collect the requisite information about the characteristics like age, drinking habits, smoking history, family history of cancer and others factors. Interview method was used to obtain the information from 50 cases and 100 controls from two hospitals of the province. Binary logistic regression model was run to study the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for cigarette smoking, fluid consumption and higher use of fruits were [26.064; 7.645-88.856], [0.161; 0.059-0.441], and [0.206; 0.059-0.725] respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The higher risk of urinary bladder cancer was observed in smokers as compared to non-smokers. Higher consumption of fluid and fruits are protective factors against the disease.

Risk factors of urinary bladder cancer in Peshawar region of Khyber Pukhtoonkhawa.

BACKGROUND: Urinary Bladder cancer is a fatal disease. No work about its risk factors has been conducted in northern Pakistan. This case control study was conducted in order to investigate the risk factors of the urinary bladder cancer in that area. METHOD: For this study 150 subjects including 50 cases and 100 controls were interviewed from the 2 tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar and the information was collected about the characteristics like gender, age, smoking habits, family history of cancer, etc. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to explain the risk factors of the disease. Odds ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals were computed by using logistic regression model. RESULTS: The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for chemical exposure are 4.637 and (1.022-21.053), for cigarette smoking 19.526 and (4.688-81.329), for lifestyle 0.171 and (0.031-0.943), for fluid consumption 0.025 and (0.005-0.115), for fried items 5.934 and (1.429-24.648), and for fruits are 0.173 (0.045-0.660), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Chemical exposure, cigarette smoking, and high use of fried items increase the risk of urinary bladder cancer. Moderate lifestyle, high fluid consumption and use of fruits are protective against the disease.