Phytoconstituents of Nymphaea rubra flowers and their anti-diabetic metabolic targets.

Nymphaea rubra (N. rubra) flowers are prevalent in subtropical regions for both dietary and traditional medicinal purposes, attributing to their beneficial properties in supporting overall health. This study first time provides descriptions of the antidiabetic and dyslipidemic properties employing STZ induced high fat diet fed diabetic rats and inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity first by in vitro analyses, followed by a confirmatory in silico study to create a stronger biochemical rationale. Furthermore, in 3 T3-L1 cells, this extract promoted the suppression of adipogenesis. GC-MS investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of N. rubra flowers revealed the presence of marker compounds of N. rubra, Nuciferine, and Apomorphine, which were the focus of molecular docking studies. The acquired concentrations of Nuciferine (22.39%) and 10, 11-dimethoxy-Apomorphine (1.47%) were detected. Together with other alkaloids identified by GC-MS analysis from this extract, mechanistically suggested that it might be caused by the synergistic impact of these bioactive chemicals. Molecular docking has been done to check the binding affinities of various isolated phytochemicals with HPAA, the dose-response effect of 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of flower extract after 30 days showed a significant effect on body weight, food, water intake, serum insulin, FBG, OGTT, lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin, liver and kidney function test. Kidney histopathology results show a significant effect. These findings offer a strong foundation for the potential application of the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract from Nymphaea rubra flowers and its bioactive constituent in an in vivo system for the treatment and control of diabetes and its associated condition dyslipidemia.

Vitamin D supplementation modulates glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c) in diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes is a metabolic illness that increases protein glycosylation in hyperglycemic conditions, which can have an impact on almost every organ system in the body. The role of vitamin D in the etiology of diabetes under RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) stress has recently received some attention on a global scale. Vitamin D's other skeletal benefits have generated a great deal of research. Vitamin D's function in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is supported by the discovery of 1,25 (OH)2D3 and 1-Alpha-Hydroylase expression in immune cells, pancreatic beta cells, and several other organs besides the bone system. A lower HBA1c level, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus all seems to be associated with vitamin D insufficiency. Most of the cross-sectional and prospective observational studies that were used to gather human evidence revealed an inverse relationship between vitamin D level and the prevalence or incidence of elevated HBA1c in type 2 diabetes. Several trials have reported on the impact of vitamin D supplementation for glycemia or incidence of type 2 diabetes, with varying degrees of success. The current paper examines the available data for a relationship between vitamin D supplementation and HBA1c level in diabetes and discusses the biological plausibility of such a relationship.

Artificial intelligence-driven malware detection framework for internet of things environment.

The Internet of Things (IoT) environment demands a malware detection (MD) framework for protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access. The study intends to develop an image-based MD framework. The authors apply image conversion and enhancement techniques to convert malware binaries into RGB images. You only look once (Yolo V7) is employed for extracting the key features from the malware images. Harris Hawks optimization is used to optimize the DenseNet161 model to classify images into malware and benign. IoT malware and Virusshare datasets are utilized to evaluate the proposed framework's performance. The outcome reveals that the proposed framework outperforms the current MD framework. The framework generates the outcome at an accuracy and F1-score of 98.65 and 98.5 and 97.3 and 96.63 for IoT malware and Virusshare datasets, respectively. In addition, it achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristics and the precision-recall curve of 0.98 and 0.85 and 0.97 and 0.84 for IoT malware and Virusshare datasets, accordingly. The study's outcome reveals that the proposed framework can be deployed in the IoT environment to protect the resources.

In vitro inhibition of biofilm and virulence factor production in azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans isolated from diabetic foot by Artemisia vulgaris stabilized tin (IV) oxide nanoparticles.

The advent of nanotechnology has been instrumental in the development of new drugs with novel targets. Recently, metallic nanoparticles have emerged as potential candidates to combat the threat of drug-resistant infections. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the dreadful complications of diabetes mellitus due to the colonization of numerous drug-resistant pathogenic microbes leading to biofilm formation. Biofilms are difficult to treat due to limited penetration and non-specificity of drugs. Therefore, in the current investigation, SnO2 nanoparticles were biosynthesized using Artemisia vulgaris (AvTO-NPs) as a stabilizing agent and were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, the efficacy of AvTO-NPs against biofilms and virulence factors of drug-resistant Candida albicans strains isolated from DFUs was assessed. AvTO-NPs displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1 mg/mL to 2 mg/mL against four strains of C. albicans. AvTO-NPs significantly inhibited biofilm formation by 54.8%-87%, germ tube formation by 72%-90%, cell surface hydrophobicity by 68.2%-82.8%, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by 69%-86.3% in the test strains at respective 1/2xMIC. Biosynthesized NPs were effective in disrupting established mature biofilms of test strains significantly. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the AvTO-NPs-treated C. albicans could be the possible cause of cell death leading to biofilm inhibition. The useful insights of the present study could be exploited in the current line of treatment to mitigate the threat of biofilm-related persistent DFUs and expedite wound healing.

ICT Application and Use in Health Sciences Research at the Global Level: A Scientometric Study.

The growing use of information and communication technology has now expanded to health professionals in practice. This study aimed to highlight the current status of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use in health sciences as reported in journal papers between 2002 and 2021. This paper presents the annual trends, top institutes and countries, citations, h-index, keywords distribution, and top authors in this research domain. The data were extracted from the Web of Science database, and R studio and Bibexcel tools were used for analysis. The study analyzed a total of 140 documents published over a span of two decades. Health Care Sciences Services (34) and Computer Science published the most health science articles (29). The USA (19) was the most productive country, followed by England (16) and the Netherlands (15). Berg M was the most productive author, with 36 articles. The results show that institutions such as Erasmus University and Duke University have published numerous articles on the topic, encouraged by specific R&D funding schemes, and made a significant contribution to the development of health sciences research. The findings of this study offer valuable information about international initiatives and projects relevant to the advancement of ICT in health science research, which may be utilized to pinpoint potential future study topics such as artificial intelligence development.