Efeitos de misoprostol sublingual pré-operatório no tônus uterino durante anestesia com isoflurano para cesariana / Effects of preoperative sublingual misoprostol on uterine tone during isoflurane anesthesia for cesarean section / Efectos del misoprostol sublingual preoperatorio en el tono uterino durante la anestesia con isoflurano para cesárea

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Misoprostol reduz o sangramento uterino após o parto cesáreo sem efeitos prejudiciais para a mãe ou o bebê. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de misoprostol pré-operatório no sangramento materno e no tônus uterino e a necessidade de ocitocina após cesariana sob anestesia com isoflurano. MÉTODOS: Depois da aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética, 366 pacientes programadas para cesariana eletiva foram randomicamente designadas para receber 400 µg de misoprostol sublingual (n = 179) ou um comprimido de placebo (n = 187) após intubação. A anestesia foi mantida com CAM de isoflurano a 0,5-0,7 e óxido nitroso. Todas as pacientes receberam infusão de ocitocina (10 UI) após expulsão da placenta. A estimativa de perda sanguínea, do tônus uterino, da necessidade de ocitocina complementar, da contagem de hematócrito, dos escores de Apgar no 1º e aos 5 minutos e os efeitos adversos foram registrados. RESULTADOS: Após a indução, as pacientes que receberam misoprostol sublingual tiveram perda sanguínea perioperatória (202 ± 383,1 vs 708 ± 204,3 mL, p < 0,001), necessidade de ocitocina (p < 0,001), níveis mais elevados de hematócrito (p < 0,001) e tônus uterino (p < 0,02) menos significativos. A incidência de tremores foi maior no grupo misoprostol (p = 0,04). Não houve diferenças entre os dois grupos quanto aos índices de Apgar, náusea e vômito, distúrbios gastrointestinais e febre. CONCLUSÃO: A administração pré-operatória de misoprostol sublingual (400 µg) é segura e eficaz para atenuar o sangramento materno e o efeito no tônus uterino da anestesia com isoflurano em parto cesário.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Misoprostol would reduce the uterine bleeding after cesarean delivery without harmful effects on either mother or baby. We aimed to evaluate the effects of preoperative misoprostol on maternal blood loss, uterine tone, and the need for additional oxytocin after cesarean delivery under isoflurane anesthesia. METHODS: After ethical approval, 366 patients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were randomly allocated to receive either sublingual misoprostol 400 µg (n = 179) or placebo tablet (n = 187) after intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.5-0.7 MAC isoflurane with nitrous oxide. All patients received intravenous infusion of 10 IU of oxytocin after placental delivery. Perioperative estimated blood loss, uterine tone, need for supplementary oxytocin, hematocrit, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min and adverse effects were recorded. RESULTS: After induction, patients receiving sublingual misoprostol had significant less perioperative estimated blood loss (202 ± 383.1 vs. 708 ± 204.3 mL, p < 0.001), need for oxytocin (p < 0.001), higher hematocrit levels (p < 0.001) and uterine tone (p < 0.02). The incidence of shivering was higher in the misoprostol group (p = 0.04). There were no differences between the two groups as regarding Apgar scores, nausea and vomiting, gastrointestinal disturbances and pyrexia. CONCLUSION: Preoperative administration of sublingual misoprostol 400 µg is safe and effective in attenuating the maternal bleeding and uterine atony from isoflurane anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El Misoprostol reduce el sangramiento uterino después del parto por cesárea sin efectos perjudiciales para la madre o el bebé. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los efectos del misoprostol preoperatorio en el sangramiento materno y en el tono uterino, y la necesidad de ocitocina después de la cesárea bajo anestesia con isoflurano. MÉTODOS: Después de la aprobación por el Comité de Ética, 366 pacientes programadas para la cesárea electiva, fueron randómicamente designadas para recibir 400 µg de misoprostol sublingual (n = 179) o un comprimido de placebo (n = 187) después de la intubación. La anestesia se mantuvo con CAM de isoflurano a 0,5-0,7 y óxido nitroso. Todas las pacientes recibieron una infusión de ocitocina (10 UI) después de la expulsión de la placenta. La estimación de la pérdida sanguínea, del tono uterino, de la necesidad de ocitocina complementaria, del conteo de hematocrito, de los puntajes de Apgar en el 1º y a los 5 minutos y los efectos adversos fueron todos registrados. RESULTADOS: Después de la inducción, las pacientes que recibieron misoprostol sublingual tuvieron una pérdida sanguínea perioperatoria (202 ± 383,1 vs 708 ± 204,3 mL, p < 0,001), necesidad de ocitocina (p < 0,001), niveles más elevados de hematocrito (p < 0,001) y tonouterino (p < 0,02) menos significativos. La incidencia de temblores fue mayor en el grupo misoprostol (p = 0,04). No se registraron diferencias entre los dos grupos en cuanto a los índices de Apgar, náusea y vómito, trastornos gastrointestinales y fiebre. CONCLUSIONES: La administración preoperatoria de misoprostol sublingual (400 µg) es segura y eficaz para atenuar el sangramiento materno y el efecto en el tono uterino de la anestesia con isoflurano en el parto por cesárea.

Effects of preoperative sublingual misoprostol on uterine tone during isoflurane anesthesia for cesarean section.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Misoprostol would reduce the uterine bleeding after cesarean delivery without harmful effects on either mother or baby. We aimed to evaluate the effects of preoperative misoprostol on maternal blood loss, uterine tone, and the need for additional oxytocin after cesarean delivery under isoflurane anesthesia. METHODS: After ethical approval, 366 patients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were randomly allocated to receive either sublingual misoprostol 400µg (n=179) or placebo tablet (n=187) after intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.5-0.7 MAC isoflurane with nitrous oxide. All patients received intravenous infusion of 10IU of oxytocin after placental delivery. Perioperative estimated blood loss, uterine tone, need for supplementary oxytocin, hematocrit, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min and adverse effects were recorded. RESULTS: After induction, patients receiving sublingual misoprostol had significant less perioperative estimated blood loss (202±383.1 vs. 708±204.3mL, p<0.001), need for oxytocin (p<0.001), higher hematocrit levels (p<0.001) and uterine tone (p<0.02). The incidence of shivering was higher in the misoprostol group (p=0.04). There were no differences between the two groups as regarding Apgar scores, nausea and vomiting, gastrointestinal disturbances and pyrexia. CONCLUSION: Preoperative administration of sublingual misoprostol 400µg is safe and effective in attenuating the maternal bleeding and uterine atony from isoflurane anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

Effect of acupuncture on nausea and/or vomiting during and after cesarean section in comparison with ondansetron.

PURPOSE: Acupuncture has been used for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study compared the effect of electrical acustimulation with ondansetron for preventing intraoperative and postoperative emetic symptoms and improving patient satisfaction. METHODS: After gaining ethical approval, 450 parturients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were randomly allocated to receive either electrical stimulation using P6 acupoint (pericardium 6) bilaterally for 30 min before spinal anesthesia (group III; n = 150), or 4 mg ondansetron 30 min before spinal anesthesia (group II; n = 150), or placebo (group II; n = 150). Nausea and vomiting were evaluated and recorded intraoperatively and postoperative for 24 h by an independent anesthetist. RESULTS: The three groups were not significantly different with respect to intraoperative ephedrine dose and duration of surgery. Nausea and vomiting occurred statistically significantly less often in the active treatment groups (II, III) during operation and for 6 h postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the incidence of nausea and vomiting from 6 to 24 h postoperatively. Patient satisfaction with PONV control was higher with the active treatment groups compared with group I. CONCLUSION: Electrical acustimulation is comparable to ondansetron in prevention of PONV during and after cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia and in improving patient satisfaction.