Outcomes of Endoscopic Stapedectomy: Systematic Review.

Introduction Stapes surgery was traditionally performed with the use of microscopy either through postauricular, endaural or transcanal approaches. Endoscopic stapedectomy ushered a revolution as a new technique with less complications. Objective To review the outcomes of endoscopic stapes surgery with an emphasis on intraoperative and postoperative clinical and audiological results. Data Synthesis A literature review on the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases was conducted. Endoscopic stapes surgery or stapedotomy were the main keywords used, and we searched for studies and research published from January 2015 to October 2021. Articles on endoscopic stapes surgery were included, and qualitative and descriptive analyses of the studies and outcomes data regarding audiometric changes and postoperative complications were conducted. Articles including patients with cholesteatoma were excluded. A total of 122 studies were retrieved for qualitative and descriptive analyses and to measure the outcomes of endoscopic stapedotomy; only 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the rest was excluded. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in hearing improvement. The gain in air-bone gap ranged from 9 dB to 16 dB. A low rate of operative and postoperative complications was reported. Conclusions Endoscopic stapes surgery appears to be a reasonable alternative to microscopic stapes surgery, with shorter operative times, low complication rate, and significant hearing improvement. The endoscopic technique enabled a better visualization and less scutum drilling, which was confirmed by all included studies.

Outcomes of Endoscopic Stapedectomy: Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction Stapes surgery was traditionally performed with the use of microscopy either through postauricular, endaural or transcanal approaches. Endoscopic stapedectomy ushered a revolution as a new technique with less complications. Objective To review the outcomes of endoscopic stapes surgery with an emphasis on intraoperative and postoperative clinical and audiological results. Data Synthesis A literature review on the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases was conducted. Endoscopic stapes surgery or stapedotomy were the main keywords used, and we searched for studies and research published from January 2015 to October 2021. Articles on endoscopic stapes surgery were included, and qualitative and descriptive analyses of the studies and outcomes data regarding audiometric changes and postoperative complications were conducted. Articles including patients with cholesteatoma were excluded. A total of 122 studies were retrieved for qualitative and descriptive analyses and to measure the outcomes of endoscopic stapedotomy; only 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the rest was excluded. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in hearing improvement. The gain in air-bone gap ranged from 9 dB to 16 dB. A low rate of operative and postoperative complications was reported. Conclusions Endoscopic stapes surgery appears to be a reasonable alternative to microscopic stapes surgery, with shorter operative times, low complication rate, and significant hearing improvement. The endoscopic technique enabled a better visualization and less scutum drilling, which was confirmed by all included studies.

Factors associated with chemsex in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the factors associated with the practice of sex under the influence of drugs (chemsex) among Portuguese men who have sex with men during the period of social distancing to prevent the COVID-19. METHOD: online survey applied in May 2020 to a sample of 1,301 participants living in Portugal, recruited according to Respondent Driven Sampling and via social media Facebook®. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed along with logistic regression to calculate adjusted Odds Ratio (ORa). RESULTS: the prevalence of chemsex was 20.2%. The likelihood of practicing chemsex increased with group sex (ORa: 28.4, 95%CI 16.93-47.49); unprotected sex (ORa: 7.1 95%CI 4.57-10.99); the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent COVID-19 (ORa: 4.2, 95%CI 2.71-6.39) and COVID-19 testing (ORa: 1.9, 95%CI 1.15-3.10). CONCLUSION: the practice of chemsex among men who have sex with men during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal was very frequent and may support greater understanding of the role and impact of sexual behavior on the COVID-19 transmission rates and the current pandemic situation in Portugal.

Factors associated with chemsex in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic / Fatores associados à prática de chemsex em Portugal durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Factores asociados a la práctica de chemsex en Portugal durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Objective: to investigate the factors associated with the practice of sex under the influence of drugs (chemsex) among Portuguese men who have sex with men during the period of social distancing to prevent the COVID-19. Method: online survey applied in May 2020 to a sample of 1,301 participants living in Portugal, recruited according to Respondent Driven Sampling and via social media Facebook®. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed along with logistic regression to calculate adjusted Odds Ratio (ORa). Results: the prevalence of chemsex was 20.2%. The likelihood of practicing chemsex increased with group sex (ORa: 28.4, 95%CI 16.93-47.49); unprotected sex (ORa: 7.1 95%CI 4.57-10.99); the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent COVID-19 (ORa: 4.2, 95%CI 2.71-6.39) and COVID-19 testing (ORa: 1.9, 95%CI 1.15-3.10). Conclusion: the practice of chemsex among men who have sex with men during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal was very frequent and may support greater understanding of the role and impact of sexual behavior on the COVID-19 transmission rates and the current pandemic situation in Portugal.

Objetivo: investigar os fatores associados à prática do sexo sob o efeito de drogas (chemsex) entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) portugueses durante o período de distanciamento social pela COVID-19. Método: inquérito on-line aplicado em maio de 2020 a uma amostra de 1301 participantes residentes em Portugal recrutados pelo método Respondent Driven Sampling na rede social Facebook®. Realizaram-se as análises descritiva e bivariada e a regressão logística para o cálculo dos Odds ratio ajustado (ORa). Resultados: a prevalência de chemsex foi de 20,2%. A chance de praticar chemsex aumentou com: o sexo grupal (ORa: 28.4, IC95% 16.93 - 47.49); o não uso de preservativo (ORa: 7,1 IC95% 4,57 - 10,99); fazer uso da profilaxia pré-exposição (PrEP) como medida protetiva para a COVID-19 (ORa: 4,2, IC95% 2,71 - 6,39) e realizar teste para a COVID-19 (ORa: 1,9, IC95% 1,15 - 3,10). Conclusão: a prática de chemsex entre homens que fazem sexo com homens, no período da pandemia da COVID-19 em Portugal, foi elevada e pode fornecer subsídios para entender o papel e o impacto que as relações sexuais possuem nas taxas de transmissão e na atual situação pandêmica no país.

Objetivo: investigar los factores asociados a la práctica de sexo bajo el efecto de drogas (chemsex), entre hombres que tienen sexo con hombres portugueses, durante período de distanciamiento social por COVID-19. Método: encuesta online aplicada en mayo de 2020 a una muestra de 1.301 participantes, residentes en Portugal, reclutados por el método Respondent Driven Sampling en la red social Facebook®. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, bivariado y regresión logística para cálculo de los Odds Ratio ajustado (ORa). Resultados: la prevalencia de chemsex fue de 20,2%. La chance de practicar chemsex aumentó con: el sexo grupal (ORa: 28.4, IC95% 16.93 - 47.49); no usar preservativo (ORa: 7,1 IC95% 4,57 - 10,99); hacer uso de la profilaxis antes de la exposición (PrEP) como medida protectora para la COVID-19 (ORa: 4,2, IC95% 2,71 - 6,39) y realizar el test para COVID-19 (ORa: 1,9, IC95% 1,15 - 3,10). Conclusión: la práctica de chemsex entre hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, en el período de la pandemia de la COVID-19, en Portugal, fue elevada y puede suministrar informaciones para entender el papel e impacto que relaciones sexuales poseen en las tasas de transmisión y actual situación de la pandemia en el país.