Clinical outcomes of 201 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of neonates born to women who had Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Embase till April 15, 2020, by combining the terms (COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, Novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCov, Wuhan pneumonia) and (pregnancy, pregnant women, mother, fetus, neonate, newborn, infant). RESULTS: We included 16 case series and 12 case reports describing a total of 223 pregnant women and 201 infants. Four newborns born to mothers affected by COVID-19 were reported to have laboratory-confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection within 48 hours after birth. However, Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction tests of the breast milk, placenta, amniotic fluids, and cord blood and maternal vaginal secretions were all negative for SARS-CoV-2 in the reported cases. Fetal death was reported in two cases, and 48 of 185 newborns (25.9%) were born prematurely. Infants born small for gestational age and low birth weight (< 2,500 g) accounted for 8.3% and 15.6% of reported cases, respectively. Birth asphyxia and respiratory distress syndrome were observed in 1.8% and 6.4% of neonates, respectively. There was one neonatal death due to intractable gastric bleeding among the SARS-CoV-2-negative infants. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that COVID-19 during pregnancy rarely affects fetal and neonatal mortality, but can be associated with adverse neonatal morbidities. Vertical transmission has not been observed in the majority of the reported cases. The infants born to mothers with COVID-19 are carefully monitored for accompanying complication, and quarantine of infected mothers is warranted.

Clinical and angiographic features and stroke types in adult moyamoya disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study was conducted to elucidate the association between clinical and angiographic characteristics and stroke types in adult Moyamoya disease that has been rarely evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the clinical and radiologic data obtained from a retrospective adult Moyamoya disease cohort with acute strokes, which were classified into 7 categories: large-artery infarct, hemodynamic infarct, perforator infarct, deep intracerebral hemorrhage, lobar intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and SAH. With conventional angiography, which was performed in the hemispheres with acute strokes, the Suzuki angiographic stage, intracranial aneurysm, major artery occlusion, and collateral vessel development were confirmed within 1 month of stroke onset. RESULTS: This study included 79 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 96 patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. The angiographic stage had a strong tendency to be more advanced in the hemorrhagic than the ischemic patients (P = .061). Intracranial aneurysms were more frequently found in the hemorrhagic than ischemic or control hemispheres (P = .002). Occlusions of the anterior cerebral artery and development of fetal-type posterior cerebral artery were more frequently observed in the hemorrhagic than the ischemic (P = .001 and .01, respectively) or control hemispheres (P = .011 and .013, respectively). MCA occlusion (P = .039) and collateral flow development, including the ethmoidal Moyamoya vessels (P = .036) and transdural anastomosis of the external carotid artery (P = .022), occurred more often in the hemorrhagic than the ischemic hemispheres. Anterior cerebral artery occlusion occurred more frequently in patients with deep intracerebral hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage than with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS: In adult Moyamoya disease, major artery occlusion and collateral compensation occurred more often in the hemorrhagic than in the ischemic hemispheres. Thus, anterior cerebral artery occlusion with or without MCA occlusion and intracranial aneurysms may be the main contributing factors to hemorrhagic stroke in adult patients with Moyamoya disease.

Effect of Na4O7P2 on Cu powder preparation from Cu2O-water slurry system.

A unique approach is presented for preparing highly dispersed ultrafine copper particles from cuprous oxide slurry using a wet chemical reaction with hydrazine (N2H4) as a reductant along with an appropriate addition of sodium pyrophosphate (Na4O7P2) as a surfactant. It was found that very thin oxidized surfaces on the copper particles are formed during the reaction in the solution and subsequently sodium pyrophosphate plays an important role in the zeta potential of the particles, affecting their dispersion and growth significantly. The copper particles at low zeta potential easily aggregate and grow to bigger ones, whereas they at high zeta potential keep away each other and grew individually to ultrafine size. Additionally, a model for the copper particles growth in accordance with dispersion is proposed.

Vinorelbine-associated myelopathy in a patient who previously received paclitaxel: a case report.

Vinorelbine seems to cause less neurotoxicity than other vinca alkaloids because of its selective activity on mitotic cells over axonal microtubules. Clinical trials report very mild peripheral neurotoxicity with distal paresthesiae and there are no reports of myelopathy in these series of patients. The authors describe a patient who developed a rare event of myelopathy while on vinorelbine for non-small-cell lung cancer.

Cephalometric appraisal of posttreatment vertical changes in adult orthodontic patients.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate vertical facial changes in adult orthodontic patients and to evaluate the stability of these changes. Thirty-three patients (8 males and 25 females) were examined. The patients had been treated with full fixed edgewise appliance mechanics and exhibited at least 1.0 degrees of clockwise rotation of the mandible during treatment. Mandibular rotation was determined by the angular change in the Y-axis to the Frankfort plane. Twelve angular and 14 linear skeletal and dental measurements and 3 skeletal ratios were derived from pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and postretention (T3) cephalometric radiographs. Paired t tests were used to compare vertical changes that occurred as a result of orthodontic treatment and their stability or relapse tendency during the retention and postretention periods. Twenty-five percent (P <.001) of the opening rotation of the mandible recovered during the posttreatment period, resulting in a significant overall rotation that was maintained. Both treatment and posttreatment changes in the Y-axis angle showed a high correlation with the horizontal position of pogonion (r = -0.797 and -0.889, respectively). Only overjet showed a low correlation between treatment changes and posttreatment changes in the Y-axis angle. Stepwise regression analysis of pretreatment variables and treatment changes failed to predict the behavior of the Y-axis angle change.

Biomechanical considerations in distraction of the osteotomized dentomaxillary complex.

The completely osteotomized dentomaxillary complex is essentially a free body constrained only by its soft tissue attachments. Therefore the line of action and point of application of any protractive force(s) used during distraction osteogenesis must be considered relative to its center of mass. This is in contrast to the nonsurgically separated dentomaxillary complex, which is a constrained body, and therefore the application of protractive force(s) must be considered relative to its center of resistance. These two centers are not coincident. With knowledge of the location of the center of mass, predictable protraction of the dentomaxillary complex can be achieved. In this study, the center of mass of an adult maxillary specimen osteotomized to emulate a Le Fort I osteotomy was determined. Protractive force(s) through the center of mass will produce linear advancement along its line of action. Protractive movement of the dentomaxillary complex can be adjusted downward and forward or upward and forward by locating the protractive force(s) line of action superior or inferior to the center of mass. A cleft patient is described wherein the surgically separated dentomaxillary complex is protracted downward and forward with a force vector superior to its approximate center of mass. This results in a predictable increase in overbite and overjet with negligible mandibular rotation.

Trauma-induced isomorphic lesions in morphea--a brief case report.

We describe a case of morphea which presented further typical lesions of the disease at the sites of mechanical trauma. It can be suggested that cutaneous lesions of morphea may be locally developed due to physical stimuli as an isomorphic response in patients or subclinical cases of the disease.