Cellular strategies to induce immune tolerance after liver transplantation: Clinical perspectives.

Liver transplantation (LT) has become the most efficient treatment for pediatric and adult end-stage liver disease and the survival time after transplantation is becoming longer due to the development of surgical techniques and perioperative management. However, long-term side-effects of immunosuppressants, like infection, metabolic disorders and malignant tumor are gaining more attention. Immune tolerance is the status in which LT recipients no longer need to take any immunosuppressants, but the liver function and intrahepatic histology maintain normal. The approaches to achieve immune tolerance after transplantation include spontaneous, operational and induced tolerance. The first two means require no specific intervention but withdrawing immunosuppressant gradually during follow-up. No clinical factors or biomarkers so far could accurately predict who are suitable for immunosuppressant withdraw after transplantation. With the understanding to the underlying mechanisms of immune tolerance, many strategies have been developed to induce tolerance in LT recipients. Cellular strategy is one of the most promising methods for immune tolerance induction, including chimerism induced by hematopoietic stem cells and adoptive transfer of regulatory immune cells. The safety and efficacy of various cell products have been evaluated by prospective preclinical and clinical trials, while obstacles still exist before translating into clinical practice. Here, we will summarize the latest perspectives and concerns on the clinical application of cellular strategies in LT recipients.

HIV Services Uptake Among People Living with HIV in Jiangsu Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Healthcare disparities are common among people living with HIV (PLWH) in China and likely impact access to HIV services. This study aimed to assess the current status of access to HIV services among PLWH and explore the correlates of service uptake using baseline data from a prospective cohort study among PLWH in Jiangsu Province. Guided by Andersen's behavioral model, univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify factors associated with access to HIV services. Out of 8989 eligible PLWH included in this study, 46.4% perceived difficulty in seeing a healthcare professional for HIV treatment services in 2021-2022. PLWH aged 18-34 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.69, 95% CI 1.32-2.15), 35-39 years (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.08-1.65), identified as a bisexual/other (AOR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29), had a college and above education (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.07-1.63), and perceived moderate (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.51-1.91) and severe (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.94-2.49) levels of HIV stigma were more likely to perceive difficulty in seeing healthcare professionals for HIV treatment in 2021-2022. Living in northern Jiangsu was also associated with increased odds of perceiving difficulty in seeing healthcare professionals for HIV treatment (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.26). These findings underscore the need for innovative solutions to eliminate the practical barriers to HIV services utilization among PLWH who are bisexual, well-educated, and effective HIV-related stigma reduction interventions.

[A multi-center epidemiological study on pneumococcal meningitis in children from 2019 to 2020]. / 2019­2020å¹´160ä¾‹å„¿ç«¥è‚ºç‚Žé“¾çƒèŒè„‘è†œç‚Žä¸´åºŠæµè¡Œç— å­¦å¤šä¸­å¿ƒç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis (PM), and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) isolates in Chinese children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information, laboratory data, and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country. RESULTS: Among the 160 children with PM, there were 103 males and 57 females. The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years, with 109 cases (68.1%) aged 3 months to under 3 years. SP strains were isolated from 95 cases (59.4%) in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases (35.6%) in blood cultures. The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87) and 27% (21/78), respectively. Fifty-five cases (34.4%) had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis, 113 cases (70.6%) had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci, and 18 cases (11.3%) had underlying diseases. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (147 cases, 91.9%), followed by lethargy (98 cases, 61.3%) and vomiting (61 cases, 38.1%). Sixty-nine cases (43.1%) experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization, with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication [43 cases (26.9%)], followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases (15.0%), brain abscess in 23 cases (14.4%), and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases (5.0%). Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old, with rates of 91% (39/43) and 83% (20/24), respectively. SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin (100%, 75/75), linezolid (100%, 56/56), and meropenem (100%, 6/6). High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin (81%, 22/27), moxifloxacin (82%, 14/17), rifampicin (96%, 25/26), and chloramphenicol (91%, 21/23). However, low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin (16%, 11/68) and clindamycin (6%, 1/17), and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin (100%, 31/31). The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160) and 66.2% (106/160), respectively, while 18 cases (11.3%) had adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years. Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old. Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM, and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications. Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates. Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases. SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid, meropenem, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol.

DER-GCN: Dialog and Event Relation-Aware Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Multimodal Dialog Emotion Recognition.

With the continuous development of deep learning (DL), the task of multimodal dialog emotion recognition (MDER) has recently received extensive research attention, which is also an essential branch of DL. The MDER aims to identify the emotional information contained in different modalities, e.g., text, video, and audio, and in different dialog scenes. However, the existing research has focused on modeling contextual semantic information and dialog relations between speakers while ignoring the impact of event relations on emotion. To tackle the above issues, we propose a novel dialog and event relation-aware graph convolutional neural network (DER-GCN) for multimodal emotion recognition method. It models dialog relations between speakers and captures latent event relations information. Specifically, we construct a weighted multirelationship graph to simultaneously capture the dependencies between speakers and event relations in a dialog. Moreover, we also introduce a self-supervised masked graph autoencoder (SMGAE) to improve the fusion representation ability of features and structures. Next, we design a new multiple information Transformer (MIT) to capture the correlation between different relations, which can provide a better fuse of the multivariate information between relations. Finally, we propose a loss optimization strategy based on contrastive learning to enhance the representation learning ability of minority class features. We conduct extensive experiments on the benchmark datasets, Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture (IEMOCAP) and Multimodal EmotionLines Dataset (MELD), which verify the effectiveness of the DER-GCN model. The results demonstrate that our model significantly improves both the average accuracy and the F1 value of emotion recognition. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/yuntaoshou/DER-GCN.

Sustainable release of LiNO3 in carbonate electrolytes for stable lithium metal anodes.

LiNO3 is recognized as an effective additive, forming a dense, nitrogen-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium's surface, which safeguards it from parasitic reactions. However, its use is limited due to the poor solubility in carbonate electrolytes. Herein, we introduce a bilayer separator designed to release LiNO3 sustainably. This continual release not only alters the chemistry of the SEI but also replenishes the additives that are depleted during battery cycling, thereby enhancing the durability of the modified interphase. This strategy effectively curtails Li dendrite formation, significantly enhancing the longevity of Li|LiFePO4 batteries, evidenced by an impressive 85% capacity retention after 800 cycles. This research offers a compelling remedy to the longstanding challenge of incorporating LiNO3 in carbonate electrolytes.

Conformal 3D Li/Li13Sn5 Scaffolds Anodes for High-Areal Energy Density Flexible Lithium Metal Batteries.

Achieving a high depth of discharge (DOD) in lithium metal anodes (LMAs) is crucial for developing high areal energy density batteries suitable for wearable electronics. Yet, the persistent growth of dendrites compromises battery performance, and the significant lithium consumption during pre-lithiation obstructs their broad application. Herein, A flexible 3D Li13Sn5 scaffold is designed by allowing molten lithium to infiltrate carbon cloth adorned with SnO2 nanocrystals. This design markedly curbs the troublesome dendrite growth, thanks to the uniform electric field distribution and swift Li+ diffusion dynamics. Additionally, with a minimal SnO2 nanocrystals loading (2 wt.%), only 0.6 wt.% of lithium is consumed during pre-lithiation. Insights from in situ optical microscope observations and COMSOL simulations reveal that lithium remains securely anchored within the scaffold, a result of the rapid mass/charge transfer and uniform electric field distribution. Consequently, this electrode achieves a remarkable DOD of 87.1% at 10 mA cm-2 for 40 mAh cm-2. Notably, when coupled with a polysulfide cathode, the constructed flexible Li/Li13Sn5@CC||Li2S6/SnO2@CC pouch cell delivers a high-areal capacity of 5.04 mAh cm-2 and an impressive areal-energy density of 10.6 mWh cm-2. The findings pave the way toward the development of high-performance LMAs, ideal for long-lasting wearable electronics.

Surface Patterning of Metal Zinc Electrode with an In-Region Zincophilic Interface for High-Rate and Long-Cycle-Life Zinc Metal Anode.

The undesirable dendrite growth induced by non-planar zinc (Zn) deposition and low Coulombic efficiency resulting from severe side reactions have been long-standing challenges for metallic Zn anodes and substantially impede the practical application of rechargeable aqueous Zn metal batteries (ZMBs). Herein, we present a strategy for achieving a high-rate and long-cycle-life Zn metal anode by patterning Zn foil surfaces and endowing a Zn-Indium (Zn-In) interface in the microchannels. The accumulation of electrons in the microchannel and the zincophilicity of the Zn-In interface promote preferential heteroepitaxial Zn deposition in the microchannel region and enhance the tolerance of the electrode at high current densities. Meanwhile, electron aggregation accelerates the dissolution of non-(002) plane Zn atoms on the array surface, thereby directing the subsequent homoepitaxial Zn deposition on the array surface. Consequently, the planar dendrite-free Zn deposition and long-term cycling stability are achieved (5,050 h at 10.0 mA cm-2 and 27,000 cycles at 20.0 mA cm-2). Furthermore, a Zn/I2 full cell assembled by pairing with such an anode can maintain good stability for 3,500 cycles at 5.0 C, demonstrating the application potential of the as-prepared ZnIn anode for high-performance aqueous ZMBs.

Atherosclerosis as the Damocles' sword of human evolution: insights from nonhuman ape-like primates, ancient human remains, and isolated modern human populations.

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide, and the predominant risk factors are advanced age and high-circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, the findings of atherosclerosis in relatively young mummified remains and a lack of atherosclerosis in chimpanzees despite high LDL-C call into question the role of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The inflammatory theory of atherosclerosis may explain the discrepancies between traditional risk factors and observed phenomena in current literature. Following the divergence from chimpanzees several millennia ago, loss of function mutations in immune regulatory genes and changes in gene expression have resulted in an overactive human immune system. The ubiquity of atherosclerosis in the modern era may reflect a selective pressure that enhanced the innate immune response at the cost of atherogenesis and other chronic disease states. Evidence provided from the fields of genetics, evolutionary biology, and paleoanthropology demonstrates a sort of circular dependency between inflammation, immune system functioning, and evolution at both a species and cellular level. More recently, the role of proinflammatory stimuli, somatic mutations, and the gene-environment effect appear to be underappreciated elements in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Neurobiological stress, metabolic syndrome, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors may instead function as intermediary links between inflammation and atherosclerosis. Therefore, considering evolution as a mechanistic process and atherosclerosis as part of the inertia of evolution, greater insight into future preventative and therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis can be gained by examining the past.

Observation of giant room-temperature anisotropic magnetoresistance in the topological insulator ß-Ag2Te.

Achieving room-temperature high anisotropic magnetoresistance ratios is highly desirable for magnetic sensors with scaled supply voltages and high sensitivities. However, the ratios in heterojunction-free thin films are currently limited to only a few percent at room temperature. Here, we observe a high anisotropic magnetoresistance ratio of -39% and a giant planar Hall effect (520 µΩ⋅cm) at room temperature under 9 T in ß-Ag2Te crystals grown by chemical vapor deposition. We propose a theoretical model of anisotropic scattering - induced by a Dirac cone tilt and modulated by intrinsic properties of effective mass and sound velocity - as a possible origin. Moreover, small-size angle sensors with a Wheatstone bridge configuration were fabricated using the synthesized ß-Ag2Te crystals. The sensors exhibited high output response (240 mV/V), high angle sensitivity (4.2 mV/V/°) and small angle error (<1°). Our work translates the developments in topological insulators to a broader impact on practical applications such as high-field magnetic and angle sensors.

Ginkgetin effectively mitigates collagen and AA-induced platelet activation via PLCγ2 but not cyclic nucleotide-dependent pathway in human.

Platelets assume a pivotal role in the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Thus, targeting platelet activation is imperative for mitigating CVDs. Ginkgetin (GK), from Ginkgo biloba L, renowned for its anticancer and neuroprotective properties, remains unexplored concerning its impact on platelet activation, particularly in humans. In this investigation, we delved into the intricate mechanisms through which GK influences human platelets. At low concentrations (0.5-1 µM), GK exhibited robust inhibition of collagen and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation. Intriguingly, thrombin and U46619 remained impervious to GK's influence. GK's modulatory effect extended to ATP release, P-selectin expression, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+ ]i) levels and thromboxane A2 formation. It significantly curtailed the activation of various signaling cascades, encompassing phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2)/protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3ß and mitogen-activated protein kinases. GK's antiplatelet effect was not reversed by SQ22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor) or ODQ (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor), and GK had no effect on the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoproteinSer157 or Ser239 . Moreover, neither cyclic AMP nor cyclic GMP levels were significantly increased after GK treatment. In mouse studies, GK notably extended occlusion time in mesenteric vessels, while sparing bleeding time. In conclusion, GK's profound impact on platelet activation, achieved through inhibiting PLCγ2-PKC cascade, culminates in the suppression of downstream signaling and, ultimately, the inhibition of platelet aggregation. These findings underscore the promising therapeutic potential of GK in the CVDs.

Stabilizing Lithium-Metal Host Anodes by Covalently Binding MgF2 Nanodots to Honeycomb Carbon Nanofibers.

Constructing lithiophilic carbon hosts has been regarded as an effective strategy for inhibiting Li dendrite formation and mitigating the volume expansion of Li metal anodes. However, the limitation of lithiophilic carbon hosts by conventional surface decoration methods over long-term cycling hinders their practical application. In this work, a robust host composed of ultrafine MgF2 nanodots covalently bonded to honeycomb carbon nanofibers (MgF2/HCNFs) is created through an in situ solid-state reaction. The composite exhibits ultralight weight, excellent lithiophilicity, and structural stability, contributing to a significantly enhanced energy efficiency and lifespan of the battery. Specifically, the strong covalent bond not only prevents MgF2 nanodots from migrating and aggregating but also enhances the binding energy between Mg and Li during the molten Li infusion process. This allows for the effective and stable regulation of repeated Li plating/stripping. As a result, the MgF2/HCNF-Li electrode delivers a high Coulombic efficiency of 97% after 200 cycles, cycling stably for more than 2000 h. Furthermore, the full cells with a LiFePO4 cathode achieve a capacity retention of 85% after 500 cycles at 0.5C. This work provides a strategy to guide dendrite-free Li deposition patterns toward the development of high-performance Li metal batteries.

Molecular Intercalation Enables Phase Transition of MoSe2 for Durable Na-Ion Storage.

1T-MoSe2 is recognized as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries, thanks to its excellent electrical conductivity and large interlayer distance. However, its inherent thermodynamic instability often presents unparalleled challenges in phase control and stabilization. Here, a molecular intercalation strategy is developed to synthesize thermally stable 1T-rich MoSe2 , covalently bonded to an intercalated carbon layer (1TR /2H-MoSe2 @C). Density functional theory calculations uncover that the introduced ethylene glycol molecules not only serve as electron donors, inducing a reorganization of Mo 4d orbitals, but also as sacrificial guest materials that generate a conductive carbon layer. Furthermore, the C─Se/C─O─Mo bonds encourage strong interfacial electronic coupling, and the carbon layer prevents the restacking of MoSe2 , regulating the maximum 1T phase to an impressive 80.3%. Consequently, the 1TR /2H-MoSe2 @C exhibits an extraordinary rate capacity of 326 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 and maintains a long-term cycle stability up to 1500 cycles, with a capacity of 365 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 . Additionally, the full cell delivers an appealing energy output of 194 Wh kg-1 at 208 W kg-1 , with a capacity retention of 87.3% over 200 cycles. These findings contribute valuable insights toward the development of innovative transition metal dichalcogenides for next-generation energy storage technologies.

High-Areal Capacity, High-Rate Lithium Metal Anodes Enabled by Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Mesh.

Hosts hold great prospects for addressing the dendrite growth and volume expansion of the Li metal anode, but Li dendrites are still observable under the conditions of high deposition capacity and/or high current density. Herein, a nitrogen-doped graphene mesh (NGM) is developed, which possesses a conductive and lithiophilic scaffold for efficient Li deposition. The abundant nanopores in NGM can not only provide sufficient room for Li deposition, but also speed up Li ion transport to achieve a high-rate capability. Moreover, the evenly distributed N dopants on the NGM can guide the uniform nucleation of Li so that to inhibit dendrite growth. As a result, the composite NGM@Li anode shows satisfactory electrochemical performances for Li-S batteries, including a high capacity of 600 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at 1 C and a rate capacity of 438 mAh g-1 at 3 C. This work provides a new avenue for the fabrication of graphene-based hosts with large areal capacity and high-rate capability for Li metal batteries.

Widening ethnic inequities in heart failure incidence in New Zealand.

OBJECTIVE: Ethnic inequities in heart failure (HF) have been documented in several countries. This study describes New Zealand (NZ) trends in incident HF hospitalisation by ethnicity between 2006 and 2018. METHODS: Incident HF hospitalisations in ≥20-year-old subjects were identified through International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision-coded national hospitalisation records. Incidence was calculated for different ethnic, sex and age groups and were age standardised. Trends were estimated with joinpoint regression. RESULTS: Of 116 113 incident HF hospitalisations, 12.8% were Maori, 5.7% Pacific people, 3.0% Asians and 78.6% Europeans/others. 64% of Maori and Pacific patients were aged <70 years, compared with 37% of Asian and 19% of European/others. In 2018, incidence rate ratios compared with European/others were 6.0 (95% CI 4.9 to 7.3), 7.5 (95% CI 6.0 to 9.4) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.8) for Maori, Pacific people and Asians aged 20-49 years; 3.7 (95% CI 3.4 to 4.0), 3.6 (95% CI 3.2 to 4.1) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.4 to 0.6) for Maori, Pacific people and Asians aged 50-69 years; and 1.5 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.6), 1.5 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.7) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.6) for Maori, Pacific people and Asians aged ≥70 years. Between 2006 and 2018, ethnicity-specific rates diverged in ≥70-year-old subjects due to a decline in European/others (annual percentage change (APC) -2.0%, 95% CI -2.5% to -1.6%) and Asians (APC -3.3%, 95% CI -4.4% to -2.1%), but rates remained unchanged for Maori and Pacific people. In contrast, regardless of ethnicity, rates either increased or remained unchanged in <70-year-old subjects. CONCLUSION: Ethnic inequities in incident HF hospitalisation have widened in NZ over the past 13 years. Urgent action is required to address the predisposing factors that lead to development of HF in Maori and Pacific people.

Bottom-Up Magnesium Deposition Induced by Paper-Based Triple-Gradient Scaffolds toward Flexible Magnesium Metal Batteries.

The development of advanced magnesium metal batteries (MMBs) has been hindered by longstanding challenges, such as the inability to induce uniform magnesium (Mg) nucleation and the inefficient utilization of Mg foil. This study introduces a novel solution in the form of a flexible, lightweight, paper-based scaffold that incorporates gradient conductivity, magnesiophilicity, and pore size. This design is achieved through an industrially adaptable papermaking process in which the ratio of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes to softwood cellulose fibers is meticulously adjusted. The triple-gradient structure of the scaffold enables the regulation of Mg ion flux, promoting bottom-up Mg deposition. Owing to its high flexibility, low thickness, and reduced density, the scaffold has potential applications in flexible and wearable electronics. Accordingly, the triple-gradient electrodes exhibit stable operation for over 1200 h at 3 mA cm-2 /3 mAh cm-2 in symmetrical cells, markedly outperforming the non-gradient and metallic Mg alternatives. Notably, this study marks the first successful fabrication of a flexible MMB pouch full cell, achieving an impressive volumetric energy density of 244 Wh L-1 . The simplicity and scalability of the triple-gradient design, which uses readily available materials through an industrially compatible papermaking process, open new doors for the production of flexible, high-energy-density metal batteries.

The dimensional structure of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and predictors of camouflaging in a representative general population sample.

OBJECTIVES: Some autistic people "camouflage" their differences by modeling neurotypical behaviors to survive in a neurotypical-dominant social world. It remains elusive whether camouflaging is unique to autism or if it entails similar experiences across human groups as part of ubiquitous impression management (IM). Here we examined camouflaging engagement and theoretical drivers in the general population, drawing on the transactional IM framework and contextualizing findings within both contemporary autism research and the past IM literature. METHODS: A large representative U.S. general population sample (N = 972) completed this survey study. We combined exploratory item factor analysis and graph analysis to triangulate the dimensional structure of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and examined its correspondence with prior autism-enriched psychometric findings. We then employed hierarchical regression and elastic-net regression to identify the predictors of camouflaging, including demographic (e.g., age, gender), neurodivergence (i.e., autistic and ADHD traits), socio-motivational, and cognitive factors. RESULTS: We found a three-factor/dimensional structure of the CAT-Q in the general population, nearly identical to that found in previous autism-enriched samples. Significant socio-motivational predictors of camouflaging included greater social comparison, greater public self-consciousness, greater internalized social stigma, and greater social anxiety. These camouflaging drivers overlap with findings in recent autistic camouflaging studies and prior IM research. CONCLUSIONS: The novel psychometric and socio-motivational evidence demonstrates camouflaging as a shared social coping experience across the general population, including autistic people. This continuity guides a clearer understanding of camouflaging and has key implications for autism scholars, clinicians, and the broader clinical intersecting with social psychology research. Future research areas are mapped to elucidate how camouflaging/IM manifests and functions within person-environment transactions across social-identity and clinical groups.

Above-Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Copper-Doped Two-Dimensional Chromium-Based Nanosheets.

Two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials (2D-FMs) are expected to become ideal candidates for low-power, high-density information storage in next-generation spintronics devices due to their atomically ultrathin and intriguing magnetic properties. However, 2D-FMs with room-temperature Curie temperatures (Tc) are still rarely reported, which greatly hinders their research progress and practical applications. Herein, ultrathin Cu-doped Cr7Te8 FMs were successfully prepared and can achieve above-room-temperature ferromagnetism with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy via a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, which can be controlled down to an atomic thin layer of ∼3.4 nm. STEM-EDX quantitative analysis shows that the proportion of Cu to metal atoms is ∼5%. Moreover, based on the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) measurements in a six-terminal Hall bar device without any encapsulation as well as an out-of-plane magnetic field, the maximum Tc achieved ∼315 K when the thickness of the sample is ∼28.8 nm; even the ultrathin 7.6 nm sample possessed a near-room-temperature Tc of ∼275 K. Meanwhile, theoretical calculations elucidated the mechanism of the ferromagnetic enhancement of Cu-doped Cr7Te8 nanosheets. More importantly, the ferromagnetism of CVD-synthesized Cu-doped CrSe nanosheets can also be maintained above room temperature. Our work broadens the scope on room-temperature ferromagnets and their heterojunctions, promoting fundamental research and practical applications in next-generation spintronics.

CWH43 Is a Novel Tumor Suppressor Gene with Negative Regulation of TTK in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent forms of cancer globally, and its late-stage survival outcomes are less than optimal. A more nuanced understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind CRC's development is crucial for enhancing patient survival rates. Existing research suggests that the expression of Cell Wall Biogenesis 43 C-Terminal Homolog (CWH43) is reduced in CRC. However, the specific role that CWH43 plays in cancer progression remains ambiguous. Our research seeks to elucidate the influence of CWH43 on CRC's biological behavior and to shed light on its potential as a therapeutic target in CRC management. Utilizing publicly available databases, we examined the expression levels of CWH43 in CRC tissue samples and their adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Our findings indicated lower levels of both mRNA and protein expressions of CWH43 in cancerous tissues. Moreover, we found that a decrease in CWH43 expression correlates with poorer prognoses for CRC patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the suppression of CWH43 led to increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, while its overexpression had inhibitory effects. Further evidence from xenograft models showed enhanced tumor growth upon CWH43 silencing. Leveraging data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), our Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated a positive relationship between low CWH43 expression and the activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) pathway. We conducted RNA sequencing to analyze gene expression changes under both silenced and overexpressed CWH43 conditions. By identifying core genes and executing KEGG pathway analysis, we discovered that CWH43 appears to have regulatory influence over the TTK-mediated cell cycle. Importantly, inhibition of TTK counteracted the tumor-promoting effects caused by CWH43 downregulation. Our findings propose that the decreased expression of CWH43 amplifies TTK-mediated cell cycle activities, thus encouraging tumor growth. This newly identified mechanism offers promising avenues for targeted CRC treatment strategies.