Experimental and Numerical Analyses of the Failure of Prestressed Concrete Railway Sleepers.

This paper carries out the assessment of load-carrying capacity of prestressed concrete sleepers, in accordance with Brazilian Standard (ABNT NBR 11709) and AREMA Standard. In a lot of railways around the world, many prestressed concrete sleepers have failed due to Rail Seat Abrasion (RSA) and corrosion. RSA is the wear degradation underneath the rail on the surface of prestressed concrete sleepers. In this paper, a numerical study was carried out to evaluate the load-carrying capacity of the prestressed concrete sleepers, using ABAQUS software. The nonlinear using Concrete Damage Plasticity model was validated by 18 experimental results, in accordance to standards. Using the validated model, the influence of different wear depth RSA, combined with corrosion of the prestressed wires, is investigated.

Efeito da suplementação de colina protegida no perfil metabólico e intervalo entre parto e concepção de vacas leiteiras / Prepartum supplementation of protected choline on metabolic profile and interval between calving and conception of dairy cows

Durante o periparto, as vacas leiteiras são submetidas a uma grande demanda de energia, ao mesmo tempo em que reduzem sua ingestão de matéria seca. O balanço energético negativo, resultante dessa equação, acarreta severos transtornos metabólicos, à produção e, principalmente, à reprodução. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da colina protegida sobre os parâmetros metabólicos, o intervalo entre parto e concepção e a produção de leite em vacas no período de transição. Cinquenta e quatro vacas leiteiras foram divididas em três grupos: controle, suplementação com colina por 10 dias pré-parto (T10) e suplementação com colina por 20 dias pré-parto (T20). Após o parto, foram mensurados os teores de frutosamina, colesterol, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) e total de oxidantes (TOS), nos dias 10, 20 e 30. Ainda foram avaliadas produção de leite e intervalo entre parto e concepção. Não houve efeito da suplementação com colina sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos e a produção. O intervalo entre parto e concepção foi menor no grupo T20. A colina suplementada por 20 dias durante o pré-parto melhorou a performance reprodutiva de vacas leiteiras(AU)

During the periparturient dairy cows undergo a large energy demand, at the same time reducing their intake of dry matter. The negative energy balance resulting from this equation leads to severe metabolic disorders in production, and mainly in reproduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected choline on metabolic parameters, reproductive performance, and milk production in cows during the transition period. Fifty-four dairy cows were divided into three groups: control, supplementation with choline for 10 days prepartum (T10) and supplementation with choline for 20 days prepartum (T20). After delivery we measured fructosamine levels, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), and total oxidant (TOS) on days 10, 20 and 30. We also evaluated milk production and interval between calving and conception. There was no effect of supplementation with choline on blood and production parameters. The interval between calving and conception was lower in the T20 group. Choline supplemented by 20 during the antepartum improved reproductive performance of dairy cows, although it did not change the metabolic profile.(AU)

Efeito da suplementação de colina protegida no perfil metabólico e intervalo entre parto e concepção de vacas leiteiras / Prepartum supplementation of protected choline on metabolic profile and interval between calving and conception of dairy cows

Durante o periparto, as vacas leiteiras são submetidas a uma grande demanda de energia, ao mesmo tempo em que reduzem sua ingestão de matéria seca. O balanço energético negativo, resultante dessa equação, acarreta severos transtornos metabólicos, à produção e, principalmente, à reprodução. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da colina protegida sobre os parâmetros metabólicos, o intervalo entre parto e concepção e a produção de leite em vacas no período de transição. Cinquenta e quatro vacas leiteiras foram divididas em três grupos: controle, suplementação com colina por 10 dias pré-parto (T10) e suplementação com colina por 20 dias pré-parto (T20). Após o parto, foram mensurados os teores de frutosamina, colesterol, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) e total de oxidantes (TOS), nos dias 10, 20 e 30. Ainda foram avaliadas produção de leite e intervalo entre parto e concepção. Não houve efeito da suplementação com colina sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos e a produção. O intervalo entre parto e concepção foi menor no grupo T20. A colina suplementada por 20 dias durante o pré-parto melhorou a performance reprodutiva de vacas leiteiras(AU)

During the periparturient dairy cows undergo a large energy demand, at the same time reducing their intake of dry matter. The negative energy balance resulting from this equation leads to severe metabolic disorders in production, and mainly in reproduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected choline on metabolic parameters, reproductive performance, and milk production in cows during the transition period. Fifty-four dairy cows were divided into three groups: control, supplementation with choline for 10 days prepartum (T10) and supplementation with choline for 20 days prepartum (T20). After delivery we measured fructosamine levels, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), and total oxidant (TOS) on days 10, 20 and 30. We also evaluated milk production and interval between calving and conception. There was no effect of supplementation with choline on blood and production parameters. The interval between calving and conception was lower in the T20 group. Choline supplemented by 20 during the antepartum improved reproductive performance of dairy cows, although it did not change the metabolic profile.(AU)

Data set of the toxic effects of divaricatic acid depside on Biomphalaria glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae.

In this study, the molluscicidal and antiparasitic activities of divaricatic acid was evaluated, targeting the mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata and cercariae of the helminth Schistosoma mansoni. Divaricatic acid showed high toxicity against both adult snails (5.5 µg/mL) and embryos (20 µg/mL after 6 h of exposure). Similar activity was observed in S. mansoni cercariae after only a short exposure time. The divaricatic acid proved to be a promising substance for the control of the snail B. glabrata, an intermediate host of schistosomiasis, as well as the cercariae of the pathogen.

Laboratory assessment of divaricatic acid against Biomphalaria glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae.

In this study, the molluscicidal and antiparasitic activities of divaricatic acid was evaluated, targeting the mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata and cercariae of the helminth Schistosoma mansoni. In addition, the environmental toxicity of divaricatic acid was assessed by bioassay using the microcrustacean Artemia salina. Divaricatic acid showed high toxicity against both adult snails (5µg/mL) and embryos (20µg/mL after 6h of exposure). Similar activity was observed in Schistosoma mansoni cercariae after only a short exposure time (10µg/mL after 30min of exposure). The divaricatic acid did not show toxicity in the acute test using Artemia salina at concentrations equal to or below 200µg/mL. The divaricatic acid proved to be a promising substance for the elimination of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host of schistosomiasis, as well as the cercariae of the pathogen, while being non-toxic to the Artemia salina at the same concentrations. This is the first experimental observation of the molluscicidal and cercaricide activity of divaricatic acid.

Distribution of selenium in sheep treated with dipheny diselenide / Distribuição do selênio em ovinos tratados com disseleneto de difenila

The aim of the present study was to report the in vivo distribution of selenium in sheep. For this, animals were allocated into two groups (control group and treated group) and kept in metabolic cages for a period of 37 days. The treated group received a single dose (6µmol/kg) of Diphenyl Diselenide, intravenously. Plasma and erythrocytes samples were collected at different times. Adipose tissue, muscles (latissimusdorsi, semitendinosus, and supra-scapular) heart, liver, lung, kidney, intestine and brain were sampled at 30 days post-treatment, in order to determine the selenium concentration. The results demonstrated that the selenium, from the Diphenyl Diselenide group, was higher in erythrocytes (4.8mg/L, six hours post-treatment) when compared with the control sheep. The deposition of selenium occurred in the liver (7.01µg/g), brain (3.53µg/g) and kidney (2.02µg/g). After 30 days of a single intravenous injection of Diphenyl Diselenide, liver was the main organ of selenium deposition.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a distribuição in vivo do selênio em ovinos. Para isso, os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos (grupo controle e grupo tratado) e mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas por um período de 37 dias. O grupo tratado recebeu uma dose única (6µmol/kg) de disseleneto de difenila, por via intravenosa. As amostras de plasma e de eritrócitos foram recolhidas em momentos diferentes. Tecido adiposo, músculos (latissimus dorsi, semitendinoso e supraescapular) coração, fígado, pulmão, rim, intestino e cérebro foram amostrados aos 30 dias pós-tratamento, a fim de se determinar a concentração de selênio. Os resultados demonstraram que o selênio, do grupo disseleneto de difenila, foi maior em eritrócitos (4,8mg/L, seis horas após o tratamento) quando comparado com o grupo controle. A deposição de selênio ocorreu no fígado (7,01µg/g), cérebro (3,53µg/g) e rim (2,02µg/g). Após 30 dias de uma única injeção intravenosa de disseleneto de difenila, o fígado foi o principal órgão de deposição de selênio.(AU)

Distribution of selenium in sheep treated with dipheny diselenide / Distribuição do selênio em ovinos tratados com disseleneto de difenila

The aim of the present study was to report the in vivo distribution of selenium in sheep. For this, animals were allocated into two groups (control group and treated group) and kept in metabolic cages for a period of 37 days. The treated group received a single dose (6µmol/kg) of Diphenyl Diselenide, intravenously. Plasma and erythrocytes samples were collected at different times. Adipose tissue, muscles (latissimusdorsi, semitendinosus, and supra-scapular) heart, liver, lung, kidney, intestine and brain were sampled at 30 days post-treatment, in order to determine the selenium concentration. The results demonstrated that the selenium, from the Diphenyl Diselenide group, was higher in erythrocytes (4.8mg/L, six hours post-treatment) when compared with the control sheep. The deposition of selenium occurred in the liver (7.01µg/g), brain (3.53µg/g) and kidney (2.02µg/g). After 30 days of a single intravenous injection of Diphenyl Diselenide, liver was the main organ of selenium deposition.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a distribuição in vivo do selênio em ovinos. Para isso, os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos (grupo controle e grupo tratado) e mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas por um período de 37 dias. O grupo tratado recebeu uma dose única (6µmol/kg) de disseleneto de difenila, por via intravenosa. As amostras de plasma e de eritrócitos foram recolhidas em momentos diferentes. Tecido adiposo, músculos (latissimus dorsi, semitendinoso e supraescapular) coração, fígado, pulmão, rim, intestino e cérebro foram amostrados aos 30 dias pós-tratamento, a fim de se determinar a concentração de selênio. Os resultados demonstraram que o selênio, do grupo disseleneto de difenila, foi maior em eritrócitos (4,8mg/L, seis horas após o tratamento) quando comparado com o grupo controle. A deposição de selênio ocorreu no fígado (7,01µg/g), cérebro (3,53µg/g) e rim (2,02µg/g). Após 30 dias de uma única injeção intravenosa de disseleneto de difenila, o fígado foi o principal órgão de deposição de selênio.(AU)

Efeito metafilático do zinco injetável sobre parâmetros metabólicos e oxidativos de ovelhas no pós-parto imediato / Metaphylactic effect of injectable zinc on metabolic and oxidative parameters of sheep in the immediate postpartum

The aim of this study was to evaluate a new source of injectable organic zinc (zinc edetate) on the energy and oxidative profile in sheep during the immediate postpartum period. Twenty-six Texel breed animals were previously identified and divided into two experimental groups: the treated group (TG; n= 13) that comprised the animals that received a subcutaneous (SC) injection of 100 mg of zinc edetate (2 mL) fifteen days before the parturition expected date and the control group (CG; n=13) that comprised the animals that received 2mL of physiological solution at the same date of TG. Blood samples were collected on the parturition day for the assessment of serum fructosamine, cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), the oxidative stress index (OSi) and blood zinc concentration. In addition to these parameters, the measurement of zinc was made in food given to the animals. There was no difference in metabolic parameters and OSi between the experimental groups (P>0.05), as well as in blood zinc concentrations (P>0.05). The parenteral zinc edentate does not change the energy and oxidative profile of sheep in immediate postpartum.(AU)

Efeito metafilático do zinco injetável sobre parâmetros metabólicos e oxidativos de ovelhas no pós-parto imediato / Metaphylactic effect of injectable zinc on metabolic and oxidative parameters of sheep in the immediate postpartum

The aim of this study was to evaluate a new source of injectable organic zinc (zinc edetate) on the energy and oxidative profile in sheep during the immediate postpartum period. Twenty-six Texel breed animals were previously identified and divided into two experimental groups: the treated group (TG; n= 13) that comprised the animals that received a subcutaneous (SC) injection of 100 mg of zinc edetate (2 mL) fifteen days before the parturition expected date and the control group (CG; n=13) that comprised the animals that received 2mL of physiological solution at the same date of TG. Blood samples were collected on the parturition day for the assessment of serum fructosamine, cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), the oxidative stress index (OSi) and blood zinc concentration. In addition to these parameters, the measurement of zinc was made in food given to the animals. There was no difference in metabolic parameters and OSi between the experimental groups (P>0.05), as well as in blood zinc concentrations (P>0.05). The parenteral zinc edentate does not change the energy and oxidative profile of sheep in immediate postpartum.(AU)

Efeito da suplementação com colina protegida sobre parâmetros bioquímicos, produção e reprodução de vacas leiteiras no periparto / Effect of protected choline supplementation on biochemical parameters, production, and reproduction of dairy cows in peripartum

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação com colina protegida sobre o perfil energético, as enzimas hepáticas e a reprodução de vacas leiteiras no periparto. Quinze vacas leiteiras foram divididas em dois grupos experimentais: oito receberam 80 gramas de colina protegida por 21 dias no pré-parto e por 40 dias no pós-parto e sete foram consideradas controle. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias 10, 20, 30 e 60 pós-parto para avaliação dos perfis energético e hepático. Aos 60 dias pós-parto, realizou-se exame ginecológico dos animais para avaliação da saúde reprodutiva. A suplementação com colina protegida não alterou os níveis de beta-hidroxibutirato (BHBA), ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), frutosamina, fator de crescimento semelhante a glicose I (IGF-I), status oxidante total (TOS), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) no pós-parto. Não houve diferença também quanto à produção de leite. Aos 60 dias pós-parto, vacas suplementadas com colina protegida apresentaram menor número de casos de endometrite que vacas do grupo controle. A suplementação de colina protegida não alterou o perfil bioquímico e a produção de leite, mas reduziu o número de casos de endometrite no pós-parto de vacas leiteiras.(AU)

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with protected choline on the energy profile, liver enzymes and reproduction in dairy cows in peripartum. Fifteen cows were divided into two groups: 8 received 80 grams of protected choline for 21 days pre-partum and 40 days postpartum, and 7 were considered control. Blood samples were collected on days 10, 20, 30, and 60 postpartum to evaluate the energy and hepatic profiles. After 60 days postpartum a gynecological examination of animals for evaluation of reproductive health was done. The supplementation with choline protected did not alter the beta-hydroxybutyrate levels (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), fructosamine, like growth factor glucose (IGF-I), total oxidant status (TOS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamiltrasferase range (GGT) postpartum. There was no difference in milk production. After 60 days postpartum, cows fed protected choline had fewer cases of endometritis that cows in the control group. The protected choline supplementation did not alter the biochemical profile and milk production, but reduced the number of endometritis cases in postpartum dairy cows.(AU)

Efeito da suplementação com colina protegida sobre parâmetros bioquímicos, produção e reprodução de vacas leiteiras no periparto / Effect of protected choline supplementation on biochemical parameters, production, and reproduction of dairy cows in peripartum

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação com colina protegida sobre o perfil energético, as enzimas hepáticas e a reprodução de vacas leiteiras no periparto. Quinze vacas leiteiras foram divididas em dois grupos experimentais: oito receberam 80 gramas de colina protegida por 21 dias no pré-parto e por 40 dias no pós-parto e sete foram consideradas controle. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias 10, 20, 30 e 60 pós-parto para avaliação dos perfis energético e hepático. Aos 60 dias pós-parto, realizou-se exame ginecológico dos animais para avaliação da saúde reprodutiva. A suplementação com colina protegida não alterou os níveis de beta-hidroxibutirato (BHBA), ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), frutosamina, fator de crescimento semelhante a glicose I (IGF-I), status oxidante total (TOS), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) no pós-parto. Não houve diferença também quanto à produção de leite. Aos 60 dias pós-parto, vacas suplementadas com colina protegida apresentaram menor número de casos de endometrite que vacas do grupo controle. A suplementação de colina protegida não alterou o perfil bioquímico e a produção de leite, mas reduziu o número de casos de endometrite no pós-parto de vacas leiteiras.(AU)

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with protected choline on the energy profile, liver enzymes and reproduction in dairy cows in peripartum. Fifteen cows were divided into two groups: 8 received 80 grams of protected choline for 21 days pre-partum and 40 days postpartum, and 7 were considered control. Blood samples were collected on days 10, 20, 30, and 60 postpartum to evaluate the energy and hepatic profiles. After 60 days postpartum a gynecological examination of animals for evaluation of reproductive health was done. The supplementation with choline protected did not alter the beta-hydroxybutyrate levels (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), fructosamine, like growth factor glucose (IGF-I), total oxidant status (TOS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamiltrasferase range (GGT) postpartum. There was no difference in milk production. After 60 days postpartum, cows fed protected choline had fewer cases of endometritis that cows in the control group. The protected choline supplementation did not alter the biochemical profile and milk production, but reduced the number of endometritis cases in postpartum dairy cows.(AU)

Psicoanálisis en la clínica y práctica actuales

XXIII Simposium y Congreso Interno, realizado los días 1,2 y 3 de noviembre de 2001

Psicoanálisis en la clínica y práctica actuales

XXIII Simposium y Congreso Interno, realizado los días 1,2 y 3 de noviembre de 2001

Psicoanálisis en la clínica y práctica actuales

XXIII Simposium y Congreso Interno, realizado los días 1,2 y 3 de noviembre de 2001