The relationship of patients, giving or not giving a pathological full response, with YAP (Yes Associated Protein) in breast cancer cases to which neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is applied.

AIM: We aimed to evaluate (immunohistochemically) the YAP expression in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to clarify the relationship between the molecular characteristics, treatment response and survival data and the YAP expression, and hence, to clarify the prognostic significance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and four patients who were diagnosed with Breast Cancer between 2015-2020 and underwent Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy were included in the study. Estrogen Receptor(ER), Progesterone Receptor(PR), Human Epidermal Growth Receptor-2(HER2) and Ki-67. Expression are routinely stained immunohistochemically. In this study, existing immunohistochemical markers were reviewed and also, the relationship of YAP with these biological markers was evaluated by using immunohistochemistry and its effect on prognosis has been investigated. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 52.37. While YAP was positive in 78 patients (75%), it was negative in 26 patients (25%). In the evaluation after neoadjuvant therapy, pathological complete response (MillerPayne Grade5 response) in 28 patients (26.9%), relapse in 6 patients (5.8%), and exitus in 6 patients (5.8%) were detected. In the pathological evaluation, invasive Ductal Carcinoma was the most common one observed in 88 patients (84.6%). As a result of the statistical evaluation, no significant result was obtained between the parameters and YAP negative/positive. CONCLUSION: As a result of staining with additional YAP in patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer and routinely stained with ER, PR, Cerb B2 and Ki-67 in pathology samples, we could not reach a result that would contribute positively to survival. Longer studies to be conducted prospectively will be meaningful. KEY WORDS: Breast Cancer, Chemotherapy, Neoadjuvant, Yes Associated Protein.

Investigation of the effects of systemic meperidine administration on fascia healing in an experimental rat model.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of meperidine on fascial healing. METHODS: Seventy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 7 groups with 10 rats in each group. One of these groups was determined as the sham group, 3 of the remaining 6 groups as meperidine groups, and 3 as control groups. These were grouped as 1st, 2nd, and 6th weeks. In the anterior abdominal wall of the rat, the skin was detached and a wound model including the peritoneum was created with a median incision. Mice in the meperidine group were injected with meperidine intraperitoneally (IP) 3 × 20 mg/kg meperidine on postoperative days 0, 1 and 2, and 2 × 20 mg/kg meperidine on postoperative days 3, 4, 5, and 6 after surgical intervention. Similar to the control group, an equal volume of saline was administered, corresponding to the doses. After sacrifice, the midline fascia was used for facial tensile strength measurement, and the other for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: When compared, the meperidine and control groups inflammatory cell density was higher in the 1st week (p < 0.05) in the meperidine group, fibroplasia density was found to be higher at the 2nd week in the meperidine group than the control group (p < 0.05) When the tensile strength in the meperidine and control groups were compared, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) at each of the three weeks. CONCLUSION: The application of postoperative systemic meperidine affects positively wound healing in the inflammatory stage and fibroplasia without changing the resistance to traction.

Investigation of the effects of systemic meperidine administration on fascia healing in an experimental rat model

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of meperidine on fascial healing. Methods: Seventy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 7 groups with 10 rats in each group. One of these groups was determined as the sham group, 3 of the remaining 6 groups as meperidine groups, and 3 as control groups. These were grouped as 1st, 2nd, and 6th weeks. In the anterior abdominal wall of the rat, the skin was detached and a wound model including the peritoneum was created with a median incision. Mice in the meperidine group were injected with meperidine intraperitoneally (IP) 3 × 20 mg/kg meperidine on postoperative days 0, 1 and 2, and 2 × 20 mg/kg meperidine on postoperative days 3, 4, 5, and 6 after surgical intervention. Similar to the control group, an equal volume of saline was administered, corresponding to the doses. After sacrifice, the midline fascia was used for facial tensile strength measurement, and the other for histopathological analysis. Results: When compared, the meperidine and control groups inflammatory cell density was higher in the 1st week (p < 0.05) in the meperidine group, fibroplasia density was found to be higher at the 2nd week in the meperidine group than the control group (p < 0.05) When the tensile strength in the meperidine and control groups were compared, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) at each of the three weeks. Conclusion: The application of postoperative systemic meperidine affects positively wound healing in the inflammatory stage and fibroplasia without changing the resistance to traction.

Comparison of Clinical Features and Treatment Results of Mix Mucinous Carcinomas and Other Atypical Carcinomas of the Breast.

OBJECTIVE: There are multiple subtypes of breast cancer with different biological and pathological features and accordingly exhibit different clinical behaviors. The aim of this study was to compare the treatment modalities, clinical features and prognostic characteristics of Mix Mucinous Carcinomas (MMBC) and other rare tumors of the breast. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 2152 patients who were operated on for breast cancer in our clinic between 2010-2019, with pathological diagnoses of tubular, pure mucinous, mix mucinous or papillary carcinoma were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as mix mucinous patients (Group1) and other rare tumors (Group2). The demographic, clinical and prognostic characteristics and treatment approaches were compared between Groups, and additionally between the subtypes of Group 2. RESULTS: 42 patients participated in our study. Group 1 consisted of 7 patients, and Group2 consisted of 35 patients. The subtypes in Group2 were papillary (n=21), pure mucinous (n=10) and tubular (n=4). Progesterone Receptor Positivity was found to be significantly higher in Group 2 patients than in Group1 patients (p=0.005, p<0.05). Multicentricity rates in the tumors of the patients in Group1 were found to be statistically significantly higher than the patients in Group 2 (p=0.024, p<0.05). In subtype analysis in Group2, there were no statistically significant differences parameters in the subgroups (p>0.05). Mean survival was 19.5+5.6 (8.5-30.5) months in Group 1 and 46.3+5.2 (36.1-56.6) months, in Group2 when evaluated separately (p:0.002). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of pure mucinosis (PMBC) and other atypical cancers of the breast compared to the (MMBC) is quite good. Rare pathological types of breast cancer can have favorable outcomes when treated with necessary oncological principles.

Determination of risk factors causing hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The most common complication after thyroid surgery is hypocalcaemia and it sometimes leads to problems that are difficult to correct in patients. The present study was aimed to determine the risk factors causing the development of hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery. METHODS: 818 adult patients were included in the study. The data were recorded by examining the hospital automation system and patient files retrospectively. Patients' demographic characteristics, radiological imaging findings, serum biochemical parameters, extent of the performed surgery, histopathological diagnoses were recorded. RESULTS: The rate of hypocalcaemia was 28.4% (1.7% permanent). In multivariate analysis: the female gender (p = 0.002), heavier thyroid gland (p = 0.084), substernal location (p = 0.004) and cervical lymph nodes dissection (CLND) (p < 0.001) were found to be significantly. Malignant thyroid pathology (p = 0.006) and total thyroidectomy (p = 0.025) increased the risk of hypocalcaemia significantly in univariate analysis. However, this increase in risk was not found to be statistically significant in regression analysis. Significant statistical result was not found on postoperative hypocalcaemia in terms of advanced age, hyperthyroidism and re-operation. The duration of hospitalization was higher in patients with postoperative hypocalcaemia (m = 2 days) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In our analyses CLND, female gender, substernal location and heavier thyroid gland was found to be the independent risk factors in the development of postoperative hypocalcaemia. The development of postoperative hypocalcaemia may be predicted and measures may be taken to prevent clinical findings.

Spontaneous and Excellent Healing of Bilateral Brown Tumors in Mandible after Endocrinal Therapy and Subtotal Parathyroidectomy: Case Report with 4-Year Follow-Up.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disorder occurring due to increased secretion of parathormone resulting in a complex of clinical, anatomical, and biochemical alterations. On the other hand, excision of a parathyroid adenoma can normalize the metabolic status. A 24-year-old man was referred to the hospital with bilateral swelling and spontaneous gingival bleeding from posterior of the mandible also with radiolucent well-demarcated lesions bilaterally in the mandibular third molar regions. After consultations, the patient was hospitalized in the endocrinology department where further tests were performed due to highly increased PTH level as 714 pg/ml. Bilateral brown tumors started to regress spontaneously, and no additional surgery was required after subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed. The presented case is the first patient whose bilateral brown tumors in the jaws spontaneously and totally healed after subtotal parathyroidectomy and endocrinal therapy who was strictly followed up for 4 years even though the lesions were associated with impacted third molars.

Effects of glucagon-like peptide-2 on bacterial translocation in rat models of colitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this trial was to study the role of glucagon-like peptide-2 in reducing bacterial translocation by virtue of its anti-inflammatory effects and ability to decrease intestinal permeability in rat models of inflammatory bowel diseases. On the basis of our results and those of other recent studies, we suggest a new treatment modality for colitis. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-2 on bacterial translocation, in treating an experimental colitis model. METHODS: Rats were randomized into 3 groups of 7 rats each-the control group, colitis group, and treatment group. On the 7 th day after induction of colitis, the levels of tissue myeloperoxidase, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and plasma endotoxin were measured. Tissue samples were obtained from the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes for evaluating bacterial translocation. RESULTS: Bacterial translocation in samples of the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and portal and systemic blood obtained from the treatment group was lower than that in samples obtained from the colitis group (p < 0.05). The levels of tissue myeloperoxidase, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and plasma endotoxin in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the colitis group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In experimental colitis models, which were induced using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in ethanol, glucagon-like peptide-2 treatment reduced inflammation and bacterial translocation from the intestinal mucosa. Our results indicate that glucagon-like peptide-2 is a potential agent for treating colitis; however, extensive trials are needed to confirm our results.

[Unusual causes of intestinal perforation and their surgical treatment]. / Bagirsak delinmelerinin nadir nedenleri ve cerrahi tedavisi.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal perforation is one of the major causes of obligatory surgical intervention. There can be many different causes of perforation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the unusual causes and the surgical treatment. METHODS: In our clinic, we operated 675 patients due to intestinal perforation over a period of six years. Perforation due to brid, trauma, colorectal tumor, mesenteric ischemia, hernias, and iatrogenic injuries were considered as usual causes and excluded from the study. The remaining 37 patients (22 male, 15 female; mean age 53.2; range 25 to 80 years) were analyzed. For statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests were used, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: A localized or generalized peritonitis was the most common symptom. Leukocytosis was found in 18 patients and free abdominal air was seen in 20 patients; bedside ultrasonographic examination was done in 17 patients. The most prevalent etiological factors were non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Crohn disease and internal herniation, respectively. Eight patients died; their time to laparotomy was significantly longer (8.7 days), and half of them had malignant small bowel tumor in perforation etiology. CONCLUSION: Mortality and morbidity rates are high in intestinal perforations due to unusual causes. Delayed laparotomy and malignant etiology may be the main factors.

Inferior vena cava obstruction due to cecum adenocarcinoma.

In this paper, we report the radiologic findings of cecal adenocarcinoma with caval invasion in a 60-year-old man. Caval invasion was confirmed by ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and by surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating malignant caval thrombus due to colon cancer. In addition, we suggest that fine-needle aspiration biopsy may be helpful for prompt diagnosis and treatment in such a case.