Label-free nLC-MS/MS proteomic analysis reveals significant differences in the proteome between colorectal cancer tissues and normal colon mucosa.

Despite the discovery of numerous driving and passenger genes that play key roles in cancer characteristics, progress in cancer treatment has not been satisfactory. This is mainly because conventional therapies are neither selective nor targeted. Another important reason is that cancer cells rapidly develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents due to excessive accumulation of mutations and/or epigenetic changes. In light of this, we believe that the discovery of new targets and key genes/proteins could improve treatment options. In this study, tissue samples (tumor and normal mucosa) were first collected from the colon or rectum by right or left hemicolectomy. Proteomic analysis was then performed using the label-free nLC-MS/MS method. We determined 77 proteins with statistically significant differences in expression levels between cancerous and normal mucosa. While the expression of 76 proteins was decreased in cancer tissues, only one protein (RNA-binding motif protein_X chromosome-RBMX) was increased in colorectal cancer tissues. The bioinformatics portal Metascape was used to determine the biological processes involved. 77 proteins with significantly different expression between cancerous and normal tissues were compared with the UALCAN platform using data from the Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). The results for 45 of the 77 proteins clearly matched the CPTAC dataset. Western blot studies confirmed that RBMX protein (critical for gene transcription and alternative splicing of various pre-mRNAs) was increased 2.04-fold, while decorin protein (a matrix proteoglycan with tumor suppressor functions) was dramatically decreased by about 6.04-fold in tumor samples compared with normal mucosa.

Lymphangiectatic Variant of Low-Grade Malignant Eccrine Spiradenoma.

Low-grade malignant eccrine spiradenoma (spiradenocarcinoma) is a rare sweat gland tumor, which usually arises from a pre-existing benign eccrine spiradenoma. This paper presents the case of a 55-year-old male who had a lesion in his right elbow for 10 years. The microscopic examination revealed a well-demarcated, multilobulated tumor in the dermis and subcutis, which presented with many blood-filled vessels and extensive hemorrhage. The tumor was composed of hyperchromatic, round to oval cells with nucleolar prominence, mild to moderate atypia, and increased mitotic index. Additionally, lymphangiectatic appearance was observed in areas with prominent stromal lymphedema. P53 and Ki-67 had high positivity. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed with adequate surgical margins, and the dissected lymph nodes in the axilla were tumor-negative. After 15 months of follow-up, there was no recurrence or distant metastasis.

Diagnosis of Thyroid Micropapillary Carcinoma and Histopathological Changes after Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate "worrisome histologic alteration following fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid'' (WHAFFT) in thyroid papillary microcarcinoma and the importance of tumor size, fibrosis, depth and concomitant diseases in ultrasonographic diagno Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Evliya Celebi Research and Training Hospital, Turkey, from December 2015 to December 2020. METHODOLOGY: A total of 208 TPMC nodules belonging to 87 (41.8%) fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)-case group and 121 (58.2%) non-FNAB-control group were included in the study. The thyroidectomy specimens were evaluated for worrisome histologic alteration following fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid (WHAFFT). The relationship between tumor size, depth and capsule distance and concomitant diseases were investigated, according to the detection status in ultrasonography. RESULTS: In the FNAB group, hemorrhage, capsular distortion and tumor diameter were greater, while there was less non-tumor fibrosis and granulation tissue. Dysplasia focus was found to be higher in Hashimoto thyroiditis and lower in nodular goiter (p = 0.000). The rate of ≥0.5 cm tumors (p = 0.000), the rate of 0-25% tumor fibrosis (p = 0.038) and tumor-capsule distance between <0.2 cm (p = 0.030) was higher in thyroid micropapillary carcinomas detected in US. CONCLUSION: In the FNAB group, hemorrhage, capsular distortion and tumor diameter were greater. While fibrosis was insignificant in the diagnosis with ultrasonography (US), tumor size and location were found to be more significant. Since US has a lower success rate in lesions <0.5 cm and is deeply located, it can be supported with radiological alternatives. KEY WORDS: Worrisome histologic alteration, Thyroid micropapillary carcinoma, Fine-needle aspiration, Ultrasonography.

Relationship Between CIP2A and Endometrium Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a relationship between endometrium cancer and the oncoprotein cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A). STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Balikesir University Medical Faculty Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey, from January 2013 to July 2018. METHODOLOGY: CIP2A was studied immunohistochemically and molecularly in paraffin blocks. The correlation between CIP2A expression and different endometrial pathologies were evaluated. In addition, the relationship between CIP2A expression in tumor tissue and clinicopathological prognostic parameters and also between Ki67, P53, HER2 with CIP2A expression were investigated. RESULTS: A higher expression of CIP2A was found in endometrium cancer tissues compared to normal endometrial tissues. In addition, CIP2A expression according to molecular and immunohistochemical results was associated with significant poor prognostic factors such as FIGO Stage, FIGO Grade, cervical involvement, myometrial invasion and HER2 positivity. CONCLUSION: CIP2A could be a promising and therapeutic target in endometrium cancer. Invention of the complex connections of CIP2A with other oncoproteins may lead to amazing and interesting developments in both early diagnosis and treatment. Key Words: CIP2A, Endometrium cancer, Expression, Oncoprotein.