Helicobacter pullorum and Helicobacter canadensis: Etiology, pathogenicity, epidemiology, identification, and antibiotic resistance implicating food and public health.

Nowadays, it is well-established that the consumption of poultry meat, especially chicken meat products has been drastically increasing. Even though more attentions are being paid to the major foodborne pathogens, it seems that scientists in the area of food safety and public health would prefer tackling the minor food borne zoonotic emerging or reemerging pathogens, namely Helicobacter species. Recently, understanding the novel aspects of zoonotic Enterohepatic Helicobacter species, including pathogenesis, isolation, identification, and genomic features is regarded as a serious challenge. In this regard, considerable attention is given to emerging elusive zoonotic Enterohepatic Helicobacter species, comprising Helicobacter pullorum and Helicobacter canadensis. In conclusion, the current review paper would attempt to elaborately summarize and somewhat compare the etiology, pathogenesis, cultivation process, identification, genotyping, and antimicrobial resistance profile of both H. pullorum and H. Canadensis. Further, H. pullorum has been introduced as the most significant food borne pathogen in chicken meat products.

Public health significance of Helicobacter pullorum, a putative food-associated emerging zoonotic pathogen in Iran.

According to the World Health Organization, diseases which are naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to human beings or from humans to vertebrates are defined as the zoonotic diseases. Among the most common zoonotic pathogens, Helicobacter pullorum has earned public recognition regarding its public health significance. This Enterohepatic Helicobacter species has been shown to be a very dangerous and life-threatening microorganism, accounting for several clinically important infections in the human population. However, despite the several studies indicating the significance of H.pullorum in both humans and animals, there is a lack of documented information and reliable statistics about this pathogen throughout the world. Thus, in this review, we would provide a novel knowledge about the general characteristics, isolation methods, host ranges and transmission routes, and occurrences of H.pullorum in poultry, chicken meat, and human in Iran. We would also clarify the status of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of the H.pullorum isolates from various samples in this country.