[Osteoarthrosis of the knee joints in climacteric women with excessive body weight or obesity].

The purpose of the study was to evaluate body weight (BW) effect on the frequency and clinical manifestations of knee joint osteoarthrosis (KJOA) in climacteric women with excessive BW or obesity. The subjects of this case control study were divided into three groups: group 1 consisted of 283 climacteric women with normal BW; group 2 consisted of 283 women with excessive BW; 283 obese women constituted group 3. All the three groups were comparable by age and menopause duration. The diagnosis of KJOA was established according to American Rheumatology Association criteria. Joint pain intensity was assessed using 100-mm visual analog scale. Lequesne algofunctional index was used to determine functional limitations. Lipid and carbohydrate exchange parameters were studied as well. The frequency of KJOA was significantly higher in group 2 (47.3%) and group 3 (56.1%) vs. group 1 (39.9%). Abdominal obesity was significantly more frequent in patients with KJOA (32.2%). Obesity was associated with an increased risk of KJOA (relative risk = 1.91; 95% confidence interval = 1.37-2.67), but not other variants of osteoarthrosis. Thus, in Russian population of climacteric women the frequency of KJOA was significantly higher in those with excessive body weight or obesity vs. women with normal body weight. Abdominal obesity was found to be an independent risk factor of KJOA, but not other localizations of osteoarthrosis.

[Osteopenia and osteoporosis of the distal forearm in menopausal females].

AIM: To estimate the frequency of decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in the distal forearm of the females visiting a specialized city consultative center for menopausal pathology, by using dual energy X-ray absorptiomentry (DEX4) and to assess risk factors for osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 681 females (mean age 54.8 +/- 5.81 years) who had filled in the questionnaire of the National Osteoporosis Risk Factor Study Program. The severity of the menopausal syndrome was evaluated by means of the modified menopausal index. Distal forearm BMD was diagnosed by DEXA on a DTX 200 apparatus (Denmark). RESULTS: Osteopenia and osteoporosis were detected in 187 (27.5%) and 53 (7.8%) of the examinees, respectively. The females with osteopenic syndrome had a lower body mass. Arterial hypertension was more frequently detected among the patients with OP. The distal forearm was the most common site of fractures. Irrespective of the state of BMD, the proportion of those who regularly ate dairy products was extremely low. CONCLUSION: A rapid BMD reduction is observed in menopausal females. The proportion of antihypertensive patients was significantly higher among the women with osteopenic syndrome.

[Hyperinsulinemia and insulin-resistance in climacteric women with metabolic syndrome].

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the peculiarities of carbohydrate and lipid dysmetabolism in climacteric women with metabolic syndrome (MS). The subjects of this case-control study were 124 women. The main group consisted of 62 women with MS according to A TP III classification; the control group included 62 women without MS. Anthropometric parameters, blood levels of glucose and immunoreactive insulin, and lipid exchange indices were measured. Thirty-three patients in the main group were obese, and 12 had an excessive body weight; in the control group these conditions were found in 6 and 23 patients, respectively. Patients in the main group developed insulin resistance (IR) significantly more often than the controls did (33 and 15 cases, respectively); the frequency of arterial hypertension, differed significantly between the groups, too. High incidence of IR and carbohydrate dysmetabolism in climacteric women suffering from MS is associated with lipid exchange disturbances, the latter being an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease.

[Arterial hypertension, disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese perimenopausal females].

AIM: To examine prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH), disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in females with obesity in perimenopause. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One-stage trial enrolled 358 obese females in menopause seeking advice in the city center for health and family planning in Ekaterinburg (mean age 50.5 +/- 5.4 years). RESULTS: 111 (31%) females suffered from obesity, 154 (43%) had overweight, 93--normal body mass. A relative risk to develop AH in overweight was 2.61, in obesity--3.52. Diabetes mellitus was in 15 females with obesity, disturbed glucose tolerance was in 38 females with overweight. CONCLUSION: Body weight loss is an important component of perimenopausal women rehabilitation.