RESUMEN
There are currently no universally accepted indications and criteria for additional surgical resection of the colorectum after endoscopic resection of the submucosal invasive cancer. The purpose of the present study is to establish accurate indications and criteria for additional surgical resection of the colorectum, based on the prediction of lymph node metastasis, after endoscopic resection of the submucosal invasive cancer. We investigated 140 submucosal invasive colorectal cancers and analyzed the pathologic factors of lymph node metastasis. The tumors were evaluated for pathologic factors in the invasive area of the submucosal carcinoma and were compared between the cases with lymph node metastasis and those without lymph node metastasis. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 13 cases (9%). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the depth of invasion, cribriform-type structural atypia, absence of lymphoid infiltration, lymphatic permeation, and venous permeation were statistically significant as risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the important risk factors included, in decreasing order, lymphatic permeation, absence of lymphoid infiltration, cribriform-type structural atypia, venous permeation, and depth of invasion. Submucosal invasion of 2 mm or more, and/or, depth of lymphatic permeation of 2 mm or more are risk factors for lymph node metastasis. The pathologic criteria based on our results for additional colectomy enables greater accuracy selection of patients who will undergo further surgical treatment after endoscopic resection.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Metástasis Linfática/diagnóstico , Algoritmos , Neoplasias del Colon/cirugía , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Análisis Multivariante , Invasividad Neoplásica , Factores de Riesgo , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
A 24-year-old female patient presented for the resolution of esthetic concerns associated with wide gingival recession facial to the maxillary left central incisor before orthodontic treatment. A periosteal connective tissue graft in conjunction with an enamel matrix derivative was used to achieve root coverage. This technique achieved healthy thick keratinized tissue coverage of the root surfaces and effectively improved the esthetics. These satisfactory clinical results have been maintained for 18 months, even through active orthodontic treatment.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles/uso terapéutico , Proteínas del Esmalte Dental/uso terapéutico , Encía/trasplante , Recesión Gingival/cirugía , Adulto , Tejido Conectivo/trasplante , Estética Dental , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Recesión Gingival/patología , Humanos , Incisivo/patología , Periostio , Aplanamiento de la Raíz , Raíz del Diente/patología , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
We studied the effect of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (dbcAMP) and several cytokines on the expression of IgG Fc receptor subclasses (Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII, and Fc gamma RIII) and low-affinity IgE Fc receptors (Fc epsilon RII/CD23) on peripheral eosinophils and on eosinophils differentiated in vitro from cord blood mononuclear cells by interleukin 5 (IL-5). These eosinophils expressed Fc gamma RII, and few, if any, Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIII as determined by flow cytometry with specific monoclonal antibodies. dbcAMP enhanced the Fc gamma RII expression, but did not induce the Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIII expression. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enhanced Fc gamma RII expression at the same degree as did dbcAMP. IFN-gamma also induced Fc gamma RIII expression on peripheral eosinophils but not on eosinophils grown in the presence of IL-5. Eosinophils grown in the presence of IL-5 showed a relatively immature phenotype, determined by electron microscopy and the low content of eosinophil cationic protein. Contrary to its enhancing effect on Fc gamma RII expression, dbcAMP suppressed the IFN-gamma-induced Fc gamma RIII expression on peripheral eosinophils. Other cytokines examined did not show any effects on Fc gamma R expression. Fc epsilon RII/CD23 expression was neither detected nor induced. These results indicate that expression of Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIII on eosinophils is regulated differently and that cAMP and IFN-gamma play important roles in the regulation of Fc gamma R expression.
Asunto(s)
Bucladesina/farmacología , Eosinófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Interferón gamma/farmacología , Receptores de IgG/efectos de los fármacos , Ribonucleasas , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análisis , Células Cultivadas , Preescolar , Proteínas en los Gránulos del Eosinófilo , Eosinófilos/química , Eosinófilos/inmunología , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/citología , Humanos , Interleucina-5/fisiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptores de IgE/biosíntesis , Receptores de IgE/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de IgG/biosíntesisRESUMEN
An adult T cell leukemia cell line, HIL-3, constitutively secretes a factor which induces the phenotypical and functional eosinophilic differentiation of a human eosinophilic leukemia cell line, EoL-1. Biochemical characteristics of the factor, termed eosinophilic leukemia cell differentiation factor (ELDF), were examined. ELDF was precipitated by 35 to 65% saturated ammonium sulfate from the culture supernatants of HIL-3 cells (HIL-3 sup). ELDF was eluted in a peak corresponding to a molecular weight of 30 to 40 kd by gel filtration. Isoelectric focusing in the Rotofor showed that ELDF had isoelectric points of 5 to 6. ELDF was trypsin-sensitive and stable to heat treatment at 65 degrees C for 30 minutes but labile at 80 degrees C or pH lower than 3. Half of the activity adhered to lentil-lectin but not to Con-A, indicating that a part of ELDF is glycoprotein with an N-linked carbohydrate moiety, which did not seem to be essential for ELDF activity. The biochemical characteristics of ELDF and blocking experiments using cytokine-specific neutralizing antibodies suggest that ELDF is different from gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), which may exist in HIL-3 sup, and that ELDF may be a previously unrecognized leukemia differentiation factor.
Asunto(s)
Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citocinas/química , Citocinas/metabolismo , Leucemia de Células T/metabolismo , Leucemia de Células T/patología , Cromatografía en Agarosa , Cromatografía en Gel , Medio de Cultivo Libre de Suero/análisis , Medio de Cultivo Libre de Suero/farmacología , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/análisis , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/farmacología , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Interferón gamma/análisis , Interferón gamma/farmacología , Interleucina-5/análisis , Interleucina-5/farmacología , Focalización Isoeléctrica , Leucemia Eosinofílica Aguda , Peso Molecular , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The expression of Fc gamma receptor III (Fc gamma RIII) on a human eosinophilic leukemia cell line, EoL-1, was examined and compared with its expression on normal blood eosinophils. Surface Fc gamma RIII expression on EoL-1 cells could be induced in vitro with a combination of dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), but not with IFN-gamma or dbcAMP alone. Pretreatment of EoL-1 cells with dbcAMP induced EoL-1 cells to express Fc gamma RIII when stimulated with IFN-gamma, but EoL-1 cells pretreated with IFN-gamma and then stimulated with dbcAMP failed to express Fc gamma RIII. Cyclic AMP was shown to play a role in the effect of dbcAMP. Both the treatment with phosphatidyl-inositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) and the restriction enzyme digestion of Fc gamma RIII cDNA showed that the Fc gamma RIII on EoL-1 cells was a phosphatidylinositol-linked form. On the other hand, freshly isolated blood eosinophils constitutively expressed few, if any, Fc gamma RIII, and IFN-gamma induced Fc gamma RIII expression on them in vitro. Dibutyryl cAMP did not induce Fc gamma RIII expression and even suppressed the IFN-gamma-induced Fc gamma RIII expression on normal eosinophils. The EoL-1 cell line appears to be a useful in vitro model for the expression and function of the phosphatidylinositol-linked form of Fc gamma RIII on eosinophils.
Asunto(s)
Bucladesina/farmacología , Eosinófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Interferón gamma/farmacología , Fosfatidilinositoles/metabolismo , Receptores de IgG/biosíntesis , Secuencia de Bases , Línea Celular , GMP Dibutiril Cíclico/farmacología , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Humanos , Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Receptores de IgG/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes , Estimulación QuímicaRESUMEN
Eosinophils express Fc gamma R II, together with some, if any, Fc gamma R I or Fc gamma R III. Fc epsilon R II is thought to be expressed only on the hypodense subpopulation of eosinophils. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enhanced Fc gamma R II expression on both peripheral eosinophils and eosinophils derived in vitro by IL-5 from cord blood monoclear cells. IFN-gamma also enhanced Fc gamma R III expression on peripheral eosinophils only and not on IL-5-generated eosinophils. dbcAMP suppressed the IFN-gamma-induced Fc gamma R III expression on peripheral eosinophils. Other cytokines tested did not show any effect on Fc gamma R or Fc epsilon R II expression. These results suggest that expression of Fc gamma R subclasses and Fc epsilon R II on eosinophils is regulated differently and that cAMP and IFN-gamma play important roles in the regulation of Fc gamma R expression.
Asunto(s)
Eosinófilos/citología , Receptores de IgE/metabolismo , Receptores de IgG/metabolismo , Bucladesina/farmacología , Diferenciación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Humanos , Interferón gamma/farmacología , Interferón gamma/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The inhibitory effects of azelastine hydrochloride on PAF-induced and fMLP-induced Ca2+ influx, actin polymerization and calcium ionophore A23187-induced and aggregated IgG-induced release of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) of an eosinophilic leukaemia cell line, EoL-1, were examined. EoL-1 cells cultured with 0.2 mM dibutyryladenosine-cyclic monophosphate for 48 hours showed an increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and actin polymerization when stimulated by PAF and fMLP. Azelastine hydrochloride inhibited PAF-induced and fMLP-induced Ca2+ influx ([Ca2+]i) in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 1 x 10(-8) M and 1 x 10(-7) M, respectively. It also inhibited PAF-induced and fMLP-induced actin polymerization in a dose-dependent manner up to 40% and 30%, respectively. EoL-1 cells were differentiated to contain ECP in their eosinophilic granules when cultured for 9 days with supernatants of a human adult T cell leukaemia cell line, HIL-3 (HIL-3 sup). Calcium ionophore A23187 and aggregated IgG induced the secretion of ECP by EoL-1 cells. Azelastine hydrochloride inhibited the secretion of ECP in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects were seen even at therapeutic concentrations of 10(-8) M to 10(-9) M. These results indicate that the therapeutic effects of azelastine hydrochloride as an anti-allergic agent may include inhibition of the accumulation of eosinophils into the locus of allergic inflammation and of the release of cytotoxic granules from eosinophils.
Asunto(s)
Actinas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Sanguíneas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Lipooxigenasa/farmacología , Ftalazinas/farmacología , Polímeros , Ribonucleasas , Bucladesina/farmacología , Calcimicina/farmacología , Diferenciación Celular , Medios de Cultivo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Proteínas en los Gránulos del Eosinófilo , Eosinófilos/inmunología , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/farmacología , Inflamación , Leucemia Eosinofílica Aguda , Leucemia de Células T , Inhibidores de la Lipooxigenasa/uso terapéutico , N-Formilmetionina Leucil-Fenilalanina/farmacología , Ftalazinas/uso terapéutico , Factor de Activación Plaquetaria/farmacología , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
We investigated actin polymerization and the increase of cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a human eosinophilic leukemia cell line, EoL-1, in response to stimulation with chemotactic factors; we also investigated the effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) on the responses. EoL-1 cells under normal culture conditions did not show either actin polymerization or an increase in [Ca2+]i when stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Expression of formyl peptide receptors was not detectable on untreated EoL-1 cells, either. Dibutyryl cAMP induced the expression of formyl peptide receptors and the responsiveness to fMLP. The responsiveness of EoL-1 cells to the complement fragment C5a and platelet-activating factor (PAF) was also induced or enhanced by dbcAMP. The growth of EoL-1 cells was decreased and the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle was increased by the treatment of EoL-1 cells with dbcAMP. The proportion of eosinophilic granule-containing cells and the content of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in EoL-1 cells was also increased when they were stimulated with dbcAMP for a longer period. The responsiveness of EoL-1 cells to fMLP, C5a, and PAF was shown to be regulated independently. EoL-1 cells and dbcAMP seem to be useful for examining chemotactic receptor expression and its signal transduction mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Bucladesina/farmacología , Quimiotaxis de Leucocito/efectos de los fármacos , Eosinófilos/fisiología , Receptores Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Butiratos/farmacología , Ácido Butírico , Calcio/fisiología , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Complemento C5a/farmacología , Eosinófilos/citología , Eosinófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , N-Formilmetionina Leucil-Fenilalanina/metabolismo , Factor de Activación Plaquetaria/farmacología , Polímeros , Receptores de Formil Péptido , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A 7-week-old male infant tested positive for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Serological studies revealed a positive Coombs test and a strong antibody with relative anti-E specificity. Despite corticosteroid therapy, he frequently suffered severe hemolytic crises. During the course of the disease he had pneumonia, subcutaneous abscess, and sepsis, which were thought to be caused by his immunosuppressive state. His clinical course was chronic and refractory. Recently, high-dose intravenous IgG therapy for the treatment of chronic AIHA has been reported, but it has not been successful in the management of adult AIHA. We attempted this therapy in our patient, and successful management was obtained.