The role of long noncoding RNA DGCR5 in cancers: Focus on molecular targets.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are major components of cellular transcripts that are emerging as important players in various biological pathways. Due to their specific expression and functional diversity in a variety of cancers, lncRNAs have promising applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Studies have shown that lncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) with high specificity and accuracy has the potential to become biomarkers in cancers. LncRNA DGCR5 can be noninvasively extracted from body fluids, tissues, and cells, and can be used as independent or auxiliary biomarkers to improve the accuracy of diagnosis or prognosis. Now, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs such as DGCR5 were explored as therapeutic targets, which have been investigated in clinical trials of several cancers. The DGCR5 lacks an appropriate animal model, which is necessary to gain greater knowledge of their functions. While some studies on the uses of DGCR5 have been carried out, the small sample size makes them unreliable. In this review, we presented a compilation of recent publications addressing the potential of lncRNA DGCR5 that could be considered as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, with the hopes of providing promised implications for future cancer therapy.

Multiobjective optimization of a hybrid electricity generation system based on waste energy of internal combustion engine and solar system for sustainable environment.

In recent years, the interest in generating power through hybrid power generation systems has increased. In this study, a hybrid power generation system including an internal combustion engine (ICE) and a solar system based on flat plate collectors to generate electricity is investigated. To benefit from the thermal energy absorbed by solar collectors, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is considered. In addition to the solar energy absorbed by the collectors, the heat source of the ORC is the wasted heat through exhaust gases and the cooling system of the ICE. A two-pressure configuration for ORC is proposed for optimal heat absorption from the three available heat sources. The proposed system is installed to produce power with a capacity of 10 kW. A bi-objective function optimization process is carried out to design this system. The objective of the optimization process is to minimize the total cost rate and maximize the exergy efficiency of the system. The design variables of the present problem include the ICE rated power, the number of solar flat plate collectors (SFPC), the pressure of the high-pressure (HP) and low-pressure (LP) stage of the ORC, the degree of superheating of the HP and LP stage of the ORC, and its condenser pressure. Finally, it is observed among the design variables the most impact on total cost and exergy efficiency is related to the ICE rated power and the number of SFPCs.