Pulmonary botryomycosis in a patient with down syndrome.

Pulmonary botryomycosis is a rare chronic, pyogranulomatous infection affecting the lung parenchyma. We describe here the clinical and histopathological findings of pulmonary botryomycosis reported for the first time in a Down syndrome female who required prolonged intensive care. This case has other different unique aspects. It is the first case to present with empyema, the second case involving the right lower lobe and the first case managed by decortication.