A systematic review on malaria and dengue vaccines for the effective management of these mosquito borne diseases: Improving public health.

Insect vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose significant global health challenges, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The WHO has launched the "Global Vector Control Response (GVCR) 2017-2030" to address these diseases, emphasizing a comprehensive approach to vector control. This systematic review investigates the potential of malaria and dengue vaccines in controlling mosquito-borne VBDs, aiming to alleviate disease burdens and enhance public health. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the review incorporated 39 new studies out of 934 identified records. It encompasses various studies assessing malaria and dengue vaccines, emphasizing the significance of vaccination as a preventive measure. The findings indicate variations in vaccine efficacy, duration of protection, and safety considerations for each disease, influencing public health strategies. The review underscores the urgent need for vaccines to combat the increasing burden of VBDs like malaria and dengue, advocating for ongoing research and investment in vaccine development.

Spontaneous Vertebral Artery Dissection Is an Under-Recognized Cause of Stroke in Young Patients: Two Case Reports and Review.

Cervicocerebral artery dissection (CAD) is an important and under-recognized cause of strokes in young and middle-aged patients. Spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a rare condition that can potentially cause a stroke without any preceding trauma or other causes of dissection. VAD rarely simulates classical headache syndromes. In this report, we discuss two young patients who were initially misdiagnosed as cases of headache until they presented with ischemic events, and were eventually diagnosed with spontaneous VAD. Case 1 involves a 41-year-old male patient who presented with severe headache radiating to left posterior neck pain and dizziness. He was initially misdiagnosed as a case of cervicogenic headache. He was subsequently diagnosed with extracranial VAD complicated by a delayed embolic ischemic stroke. However, he made full recovery within the next few days. Case 2 pertains to a 33-year-old female patient who presented with right-sided headache mimicking migraine; later on, new neurological signs prompted a diagnosis of acute ischemic infarction as a complication of intracranial VAD. In conclusion, VAD should be seriously considered when dealing with patients complaining of the first attack of headache that mimics migraine or those with cervicogenic headaches, which fail to respond to the usual treatment. Moreover, posterior circulation stroke among young patients or stroke with pain in the head and neck should be investigated carefully with extensive neuroimaging. Finally, prompt and accurate diagnosis of VAD followed by proper treatment is crucial for good outcomes and will prevent disability or even fatal complications in patients.