WITHDRAWN: Assessment of the activity of posaconazole against azole-resistant Aspergillus species studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model.

Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.

Antimicrobial Activity of the Nanoparticle Form of Greens (Lemon, Black Seeds or Flax) with Silver on Drug-resistant Human Pathogens.

BACKGROUND: Synthesizing a green source that has antimicrobial activity in nanoparticles is a novel and exciting approach to pharmaceutical science with promising results. OBJECTIVE: Green-silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs) were evaluated for their antimicrobial action on drugresistant pathogens. METHODS: Lemon, black seeds, and flax were selected as green sources to synthesize nanoparticles formed with silver. Physical and chemical characteristics of these preparations were identified. The antimicrobial activities of the prepared compounds against drug-resistant clinical isolates of seven bacteria and five fungi were identified by disk diffusion and dilution methods. RESULTS: The nanoparticle characteristics were confirmed by physical and chemical measurements. Lemon extract with silver nanoparticles (L-AgNP) showed more antimicrobial action, particularly on Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. Silver nanoparticles with black seeds (B-AgNP) and flax (F-AgNP) had only antibacterial effects on a single bacterium (Enterobacter cloacae). Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and two fungi, Candida glabrata and Candida utilis, showed resistance to all nanoparticles from plants. CONCLUSION: Lemon with silver nanoparticle is an effective plant product for use against various drugresistant species of human pathogens. Further pharmaceutical studies are required to verify the suitability of this form of the drug for human use. Another plant is recommended for testing against the most resistant strains of pathogens.

Evaluation of Aminoacetophenoneoxime derivatives of oxime Schiff bases as a new antimicrobial agent.

Schiff bases may be a core to synthesize different new chemical ligands. They also have many biological activities by its azomethine group. Antimicrobial activities of new synthetic oxime derivatives against bacteria and fungi were investigated. o-Aminoacetophenoneoxime (o-AAOX) and m- Aminoacetophenoneoxime (m-AAOX) were used as precursors in the synthesis of five oxime derived ligands (L1-5). Two tridentates (L1 and L4) were derived from o-AAOX and three bidentates (L2, L3, and L5) were derived from m-AAOX. The structure of prepared ligands was confirmed using FT-IR, NMR (1 H and 13 C), and UV-Visible spectral analysis as well as melting point and element analysis. Antimicrobial activities of five ligands were determined by the disk diffusion method. Only the m-AAOX ligands showed an antimicrobial action. The L2 was the most effective ligand on the tested microorganisms, especially against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC, 8 mg/ml) and Candida glabrata (MIC, 5.5 mg/ml). The L5 ligand showed only antifungal effect. Kocuria rosea was resistant to all ligands, while Candida albicans was susceptible to most of them. In conclusion; the m-AAOX derivatives are an active compound against bacteria and fungi than the o-AAOX derivatives. The ligand L2 has more inhibitory effects on bacteria, while fungi were inhibited by other m-AAOX derivatives. The new Schiff bases of the m-AAOX derivatives may be regarded as promising antimicrobial agents.