RESUMEN
The inflammatory processes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) have not been fully characterized. We hypothesize that differences in systemic cytokine/chemokine (CC) levels are associated with TBI clinical outcomes. To test this hypothesis, we examined systemic levels of CCs and their relationship with patient outcomes. Plasma from acute TBI subjects was collected at 24-48â¯h, and the CC levels were measured using a multiplex 41-plex-kit. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) with good outcomes defined as mRSâ¯≤â¯3 and poor outcome as mRSâ¯≥â¯4. The differences in CC concentrations between groups were then compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Seventy-six acute TBI subjects were included in this study. In the mRSâ¯≥â¯4 group, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were elevated, indicating early activation of immune reaction and modulation. Simultaneously, PDGFAA and RANTES were lower in the mRSâ¯≥â¯4 group. Poor outcomes after TBI were associated with elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and lower levels of PDGFAA and RANTES within 24-48â¯h after injury.