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Introduction: Postpartum depression is a prevalent consequence of childbirth experienced by many women. There has been evidence linking dairy intake during pregnancy with a reduction in postpartum depression symptoms. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the effects of postpartum dairy consumption on postpartum depression. Objectives: To examine whether dairy products intake and calcium in dairy is associated with postpartum depression. Methods: A pilot study was conducted (n = 49 postpartum women). A food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants' consumption of calcium and dairy products during pregnancy, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to screen for postpartum depression symptoms. Results: Of 49 participants, 26 (53%) were at risk for postpartum depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ⩾ 12). Consuming >1 serving of Laban per day is significantly associated with reduced risk of postpartum depression (odds ratio = 0.01, 95% confidence interval [0, 0.3]). Total dairy intake >1 serving per day is significantly associated with reduced risk of postpartum depression (odds ratio = 0.17, 95% confidence interval [0.03, 0.83]). No significant association was found between the postpartum intake of milk, cheese, yogurt, or calcium and postpartum depression. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that higher total dairy intake was associated with a lower likelihood of postpartum depression. Further assessment with a larger sample size of participants could provide additional insight into the potential of dietary dairy to mitigate postpartum depression.
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Background Obesity is a known risk factor of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the relationship between obesity and clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of CRC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinicopathological and prognostic factors of CRC in Saudi Arabia. Method This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with CRC diagnosed between 2014 and 2018 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. BMI was calculated by dividing the patient's weight in kilograms by height in meter squared and was classified according to the World Health Organization criteria. Statistical tests, including analysis of variance and chi-square tests, were used to investigate the relationship of each BMI category with clinicopathologic (histological type, degree of differentiation, tumor location, and medical comorbidities) and prognostic variables (TNM stage, lymph nodes involvement, and lymph nodes yield). Results Of 233 patients who were included, 60.1% were male and 39.9% were female patients, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 58.8 ± 13.7 (range: 26-99) years. The median BMI was 26.5 kg/m2. Overall, 3%, 34.3%, 33.0%, and 29.6% patients were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. Furthermore, 57.1% (4/7), 39.2% (31/80), 38.7% (29/77), and 25.8% (17/69) of underweight, normal, overweight, and obese patients had Stage IV disease (p = 0.20). Of 16 patients with transverse colon cancer, 8 (50%) were obese (p = 0.38), and 1 (6%), 5 (31%), and 2 (13%) were underweight, normal weight, and overweight, respectively. Conclusion Underweight patients are more likely to present with metastatic CRC, while obese patients are more likely to present at earlier stages, although the difference was not statistically significant. BMI is not related to lymph node yield, histological type, or the degree of differentiation.
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BACKGROUND: In developed countries, the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances before arriving at the hospital has been achieved through comprehensive studies, and this of course does not apply to Arab countries, as there are no current studies to support this. Therefore, this study is a preliminary measure of the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances in Saudi Arabia. AIM: To measure the demand for ultrasound equipment in ambulances in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of five different groups of participants including radiation technologists, emergency physicians, paramedics, Red Crescent managers and the public. Email and social media were used to deliver a questionnaire to these groups. The questionnaire included specific questions to measure the purpose of ultrasound use in each group of participants. RESULTS: Each group had some knowledge on ultrasound and its benefits. More than 50% in each study group supported the availability of ultrasound in ambulances. Additionally, 60% of emergency physicians reported that they had difficulties in venous access, checking the presence of internal bleeding, recognizing pregnancy in trauma cases, and inserting endotracheal tubes, and the majority of them confirmed the effective role of ultrasound in achieving such tasks. Almost all paramedics (93.33%), physicians (98.89%), and Saudi Red Crescent managers (96.3%) emphasized the importance of communication between ambulance staff and emergency departments. Moreover, most physicians (77.78%), and technologists (82.73%) supported the presence of paramedics in ambulances to operate ultrasound in order to improve patient outcomes. CONCLUSION: Most of the study groups evaluated had knowledge on ultrasound and supported the presence of ultrasound devices in ambulances.